Index
(The suffix letter ‘n’ denotes a footnote)
–A–
Admiralty, 4, 23-27, 58-60, 63, 65, 77-79, 98, 144, 160, 178, 196, 204-205, 210-211, 225-227, 231, 245, 250, 263, 266, 281, 286-300, 302, 331-332, 360, 375-376, 381n, 383, 398, 400-401
programming of naval construction, 458-459
relations with contractors, 441-443, 447, 450
shipbuilding programmes - See under Naval construction
Board of Admiralty, 78
Controller of the Navy, 139, 256, 262n, 292
Department of Special Weapon Development, 280
Director of Naval Construction, 442
Engineer-in-Chief of the Fleet, 412
Engineer Overseers, 442
Merchant Shipbuilding and Repairs Division, 60, 139
Principal Ship Overseers, 442
Shipyard Development Committee, 297, 298, 302
Warship Production Superintendents, 442
- See also Manpower, Merchant Navy, Merchant shipbuilding, Royal Navy, Naval construction, Naval ship repairs
Admiralty Emergency Repair Overseers Organisation, 432
Admiralty Research and Experimental Establishments
Central Metallurgical Laboratory, 442
Experiment Works, 442
Naval Construction Research Establishment, 442
Research Laboratory, 442
Aerodromes, 55
Aero-engine firms, 5, 40, 67-68, 165, 167, 388, 398
Aero engines, 18, 19, 40, 67, 165, 245, 318, 324, 418
shortages of, 166-167, 328, 329, 331
types of
Griffon, 167
Hercules VI, 167
Merlin, 167, 246, 324, 324n, 325, 411
Peregrine, 167
Pratt and Whitney Twin Wasp, 330n
Whittle jet, 325
Aeroplanes
- See under Aircraft
Agency factories, 399, 423, 432-434, 449
- See also ‘Shadow’ factories
Air attack
by Allies on Germany, 408
by Germany on Britain, 115, 177, 149
effect on aircraft construction, 123-124, 164
effect on munitions industries, 180, 300, 407
effect on naval construction, 64
pre-war assumptions on scale of, 14, 56-57, 69
Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB)
condition at time of Munich crisis, 55-57
demands after Dunkirk, 117
pre-Munich preparations, 14, 27, 28-29, 31-33
- See also Army, Radar and radio, Anti-aircraft guns
Air Force
- See under Royal Air Force
Air Ministry, 5, 14-22, 39-41, 66-69, 77-79, 84, 86-87, 95-96, 300, 317-322, 328, 336-342, 360, 381, 418-419, 433, 450
administrative changes 1934-38, 16, 20-21, 36; after Dunkirk, 137
Aeronautical Inspection Department (AID), 443
Air Ministry, contd.
Air Council, 328
Supply Committee of, 84
Air Member for Development and Production (AMDP), 20-21, 68-69, 137-138, 270
Air Member for Research and Development (AMRD), 20
Air Member for Supply and Research (AMSR), 20
Bawdsey Research Establishment, 361
Civil Member for Development and Production (CMDP), 137-138
Director of Aircraft Production (DAP), 20, 38-39
Director of Engine Production, 67
Director of Planning of War Production (DPWP), 67
Director General of Production (DGP), 21, 36, 167, 419
Directorate of Sub-contracts, 390n, 413n
- See also Ministry of Aircraft Production, Secretary of State for Air
Air Staff, 5, 14, 15, 21, 39, 56, 67-68, 116, 138, 169, 323-325, 328, 333, 344
Aircraft, British
Battle of Britain, 116-117
design and development of, 78, 322-345
comparison between quality of British and German aircraft, 326
‘marks’ and ‘modifications’, 314, 322, 324, 339-344, 411
quality versus quantity, 322-326, 336-338
stages in, 333-335
first-line strength of, 4-5, 10, 15, 16, 18, 30
compared with German, 56, 107, 107n
main groups of,
bombers, 5, 67-68, 103, 123-126, 160, 169-170, 174, 274, 303-304, 306, 308, 309, 311, 317, 320, 325n, 326, 327-329, 330, 336, 462
fighters, 5, 39, 55, 103, 116, 118, 160, 169, 276, 308, 309, 311, 316, 326, 327
naval types, 174, 306, 308, 309, 311, 325, 311-332, 334
reconnaissance types, 174, 308, 309
transports, 56, 107, 246, 247, 309
output of, 16, 20, 22, 66, 137, 169-172, 247, 306, 309, 310-311, 313-314, 316, 341-342, 484-485
comparison between British and German output, 56
statistical methods of measuring, 169-172, 310
programmes, 17, 22, 66, 68, 120, 173, 174, 196, 305-307, 309
Scheme J, 86
Scheme L, 18-20, 40, 56, 68, 84, 86-87, 112, 323, 472
‘Harrogate’ programme, 69, 69n, 173, 196, 202, 313, 455, 474
‘Hennessy’ programme, 124, 164, 173
‘Bomber’ programmes, 125-126, 173, 209, 220, 225, 304, 305-306, 477
‘Consolidated’ programme, 306, 308
‘Realistic’ programmes, 173, 307, 308, 479, 480, 481
‘Manpower allocation’ programmes, 309, 482, 483
‘September’ and ‘Modified September’ programmes, 376
repair of, 316-320
reserves of, 16, 16n, 39, 40, 107
spares for, 316-320
types of
Barracuda, 311
Beaufighter, 309, 324, 325, 325n, 327, 330, 334
Beaufort, 16
Blenheim, 16, 116, 323n, 324, 325, 326
Buckingham, 309, 325, 330-331, 336, 388n
Defiant, 16, 323n, 324, 325n, 341
Fury, 18
Gauntlet, 5
Halifax, 125, 170, 171n, 309, 324, 328, 329, 334, 341, 398, 418, 462
Hampden, 16, 323n, 328-328, 341
Harrow, 18
Hart, 18
Hawker, 325
Hendon, 5
Hind, 5
Hurricane, 16, 55, 105, 116, 171n, 309, 323n, 324, 325n, 327n, 341
Lancaster, 170, 208, 309, 311, 318, 326, 329, 341, 414n, 462
Lysander, 16
Manchester, 125, 170, 171n, 324, 328, 329, 334, 419
Mosquito, 309, 322, 325, 326, 331, 334, 341
Seafire, 342
Skua, 16
Spitfire, 15, 55, 106, 116, 165n, 169, 170, 309, 318, 322, 323n, 324, 327, 329, 330, 340-341, 411
Stirling, 125, 170, 171n, 208, 309, 324, 348, 329, 334, 341, 418, 462, 463
Sunderland, 309
Swordfish, 332
Tornado, 171n
Typhoon, 169, 276, 325, 327, 329, 336
Wellesley, 16
Wellington, 15, 56, 116, 125, 170, 171n, 208, 309, 318, 322, 323n, 346, 327-328, 330n, 336, 341
Whitley, 16, 116, 170, 171n, 325
Windsor, 330
Aircraft, United States
British requests for, 230-231, 235
in Middle East, 126
supplies to Britain, 236, 246, 248
types of
Catalina, 245
Corsair, 332
Douglas Invader, 331n
Flying Fortress, 245
Hellcat, 332
Hudson, 126
Kittyhawk, 126
Martlet, 332
Superfortress, 246
Tomahawk, 244
Aircraft carriers, 2, 3, 24, 25, 58-59, 63-65, 246n, 289, 290, 294
Aircraft industry, 5, 315-316, 335-336
effect of policy of dispersal on, 124, 164-166, 319, 394, 406
expansion under rearmament orders, 16, 18-19, 21-22, 40-41, 67-68
factories, 19, 40, 82, 164, 173, 179, 393, 408-409
comparison between British and American factories 390-391
‘family’ of aircraft firms, 5, 21, 319, 398, 435-436
increased productivity 1943-44, 315-316
production ‘groups’, 398, 418-419
raw materials and, 19, 21, 311-312
relations with Air Ministry and MAP, 5, 20-22, 40, 435-439, 443
planning of aircraft production, 21-22, 461-466
sub-contracting in, 21-22, 96, 98, 398
- See also Aircraft, Aero-engine firms, Manpower, Machine tools, Propellers, Raw materials, Shift-working
Allen West & Co. Ltd., 367
Allies, 29, 54, 61, 70, 83, 213, 299, 276, 288
- See also under France, USSR, United States of America
Allocations
- See under Industrial capacity (allocation system), Manpower (allocations of), Raw materials (allocation system)
Aluminium, 38n, 89, 91, 119, 156, 157
Amalgamated Engineering Union, 99, 149, 151
Amber mica, 38n
Ammunition, 8, 43, 45-46, 94n, 117, 184, 229, 276, 403
output of, 175-182, 350, 353-355, 371, 374-375
requirements of, 131-135, 287, 348, 353, 373, 374
- See also Small arms ammunition, Royal Ordnance Factories
Anderson, Sir John, 265
- See also Lord President of the Council, Chancellor of the Exchequer
Anglo-American supply organisation
- See under Combined Boards
Anglo-American supply relations, 227-248, passim
- See also United States of America
Anglo-French military conversations, 54, 70-73
Anti-aircraft guns, 7, 44, 160, 231
losses in France, 117
compared with German output, 109-110
requirements of, 73, 130, 132, 231, 237, 239
supplies from Canada, 235
types of
3-inch 20-cwt., 7, 32, 55, 106
3.7-inch, 55, 103, 106, 109, 176, 182, 183n, 276, 350
5.25-inch, 276
40-mm., 106, 160, 183, 299, 350
Anti-aircraft rockets, (UP), 178
Armaments, 35, 36, 41, 112, 275, 399
design and development of, 270-274
- See also individual items, e.g. guns, tanks, ammunition
Armaments Profit Duty, 88n
- See also Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy
Armoured fighting vehicles
armoured and scout cars, 132
armoured carriers, 73, 103, 130, 132, 350
tanks - See under Tanks
Armoured formations, 129, 135, 190-191
Armstrong, Sir W. G. - Whitworth Aircraft Ltd., 419
Army, 6-8, 27-34, 69-76, 126-136, 345
programmes
‘deficiency’, 30-31, 41, 47, 40
32-division, 72-77, 81, 113, 178, 180, 190, 192
36-division, 73n, 75, 128, 178
55-division, 68, 73, 74, 75-76, 128, 134
scales of equipment, 9, 41, 57, 72, 73, 76, 104, 132-134
size and role of, 6, 27-34, 57, 69-70, 71-76, 126-136, 229, 345, 348, 377
supply requirements of, 72-75, 81, 117-119, 129, 130-136, 275-276, 277, 287, 345-347, 359, 363, 378, 382
reductions in, 135, 175, 180, 347, 350-352, 379, 461
Territorial Army, 6, 28-30, 31, 33, 34, 57, 72
Army clothing, 103, 104, 111, 117, 175n, 176
Army Council. 44
Artillery, field, medium and heavy guns
25-pounder, 44, 103, 132, 176, 182, 350
18-pounder, 7
75-mm., 117
7.2-inch How., 350
- See also Anti-aircraft guns, Naval guns, Tank and anti-tank guns
Ashworth, Mr. W., 444n
Assistance Chief of the Imperial General Staff (ACIGS.), 359
Atlantic, Battle of the, 59, 63, 115, 198, 200, 201, 212, 215, 235, 242, 277, 288, 290, 292, 300, 301, 304
Austin Motor Co. Ltd., 125, 208, 388, 398, 418
Auxiliary fleet carriers, 289-290
Ayre, Sir Amos, 139
–B–
Babelsburg, conference at, 377
‘Baker floating dolphins’, 281
Balance of payments, 82, 83, 230
Baldwin, Mr. Stanley (later Earl Baldwin of Bewdley), 14
- See also Prime Minister
Balfour, Sir Arthur, 392n
Balkan States, effect of interruption of trade with, 155
Barlow, Mr. (later Sir Robert), 260, 297n
Barlow Committee, 297
Barrage balloons, 55, 161, 173
Battleships, 3, 24, 49, 51, 59, 287, 288, 294
Bauxite, 89
Beardmore, Wm. & Co. Ltd., 43, 395, 399
Beaverbrook, Lord, 252
- See also Minister of Aircraft Production, Minister of Supply, Minister of Production
‘Bel’ type vessels, 303
Belgian Congo, tin from, 212
Belgium integrity guaranteed by Germany, 29
Berchtesgaden, 54
Beveridge, Sir William (later Lord), 141, 147, 150, 152, 219, 454
- See also Minister of Labour and National Service
Billingham, 46
Birmingham, 150, 153, 164, 352
Birmingham Small Arms Co. Ltd. (BSA), 8, 394, 394, 400-401, 406, 413, 414n, 416, 428, 439
Bismarck, The, 332
Board of Trade, 89, 90, 91, 146, 383-394
Board of Trade Supply Organisation, 35, 37
‘Bolero’ Operation, 277-278, 286
Bolivia, tin from, 212
‘Bombardon’, The, 280, 281, 282
Bombs, 160, 173, 178, 371, 381n
Boulton Paul Aircraft Ltd., 325n
Bristol, 164
Bristol Aeroplane Co. Ltd., 18, 235n, 330, 335, 398
Britain, Battle of, 115, 116, 184, 316, 324
British Empire, 89-90, 130, 173, 234, 247
British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 117, 133, 175, 362
British Manufacture and Research Co., The, 396, 400, 428
British Purchasing Commission, 94n
British Supply Council, 238
British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., 149, 165, 376, 388
British Valve Manufacturers’ Association, 360, 363
Brooke-Popham programme, 32
- See also Air Defence of Great Britain
Brown, Engineer Vice-Admiral Sir Harold, 36, 262n, 273, 412
- See also Ministry of Supply and War Office, Controller-General/Director General of Munitions Production
Brown, David & Sons (Huddersfield) Ltd., 260
Building, control over, 93-94, 158
Building industry, 19, 149, 156, 160
Burgin Dr. Leslie, 74
- See also Minister of Supply
Burma, 377
‘Business as usual’ - See Normal trade, Doctrine of
–C–
Cabinet, 9, 17, 18, 26, 29, 30, 46-47, 55, 57, 68, 71, 72, 77-78
- See also Committee of Imperial Defence, War Cabinet
Calcium carbide, 159
Cammell Laird & Co Ltd., 149
Canada, 89, 178, 206n, 221, 245, 291
supplies from, 157, 207n, 229, 234-235
‘Capacity clearing centres’, 390
Capacity Register (‘List 392’), 35, 42, 43, 258
Capital assistance to firms, government schemes of, 445-452
‘capital clause’ procedure, 446
contributory and non-contributory schemes, 447-449
progress payments, 450-452
Scheme C, 451
Capital equipment
of the armed forces, 41, 196, 246, 346
- See also Industrial capacity
Capital ships, 2, 3, 25, 58, 59, 65, 289
Casablanca, conference at, 200
Cement, 160
Central Priority Committee, 161-162, 259
Central Statistical Office, 250
Ceylon, 212
Chamberlain, Mr. Neville, 54, 55, 121, 128
- See also Prime Minister
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 11, 13
(Sir J. Simon), 13, 17, 18n, 26, 29, 55, 71n, 80, 81, 453
(Sir John Anderson), 265
Chatfield, Lord, 71n
Chemical firms, 177
- See also Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.
Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), 74
Chiefs of Staff, 53, 63, 70, 73, 79, 87, 119-122, 127, 379n
Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee, 11, 29
Chromite, 212
Churchill, Mr. Winston S., 284n, 286n
- See also Prime Minister, First Lord of the Admiralty
Civilian industry, 88, 93, 146, 374
- See also Normal trade, doctrine of
Civilian Repair Organisation, 319, 422
Coastal Command, 126
Combined Board, 252
Combined Raw Materials Board, 240, 255
Combined Munitions Assignment Board, 240, 278n
Combined Shipping Adjustment Board, 240n
Combined Production and Resources Board, 241
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 240
Combined Operations, 279, 280, 281
Committee for Scientific Survey of Air Defence, 106
Committee of Imperial Defence (CID), 1, 9, 30, 35, 53, 57, 58, 71, 76-77, 87, 90
Sub-Committees of, 9, 11, 32, 77
- See also Defence Requirements Sub-Committee, Defence Plans (Policy) Sub-Committee, Defence Policy and Requirements Committee, Principal Supply Officers’ Committee, Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee
Committee of Industrialists, 392, 397
Committee of Principal Priority Officers (later Central Priority Committee), 161, 161n
Concentration of industry, 148, 218
Conferences between Prime Minister and President Roosevelt, 198-199, 200, 240
Conference on labour requirements, December 1939, 99, 100
‘Continental hypothesis’
- See under ‘Limited liability’ doctrine
Control of Employment Act, 97-98
Controller of the Navy, 139, 256, 262n, 292
Controllers - See under Raw Materials, Controls; Machine-tool Controller General
Corvettes, 59, 64, 229, 291, 292, 295
Cosmos Manufacturing Co., 361
Cotton, 89, 93, 159, 162, 213n
Crane ships, 303
Craven, Sir Charles, 137, 138, 260n, 261, 312
Cripps, Sir Stafford, 173, 306, 307, 323, 358
- See also Minister of Aircraft Production
Cruisers, 2, 3, 24, 25, 49, 58, 59, 63, 65, 66, 294
–D–
D-Day, preparations for, 226, 277-287, 292-293
Defence Committee (Supply), 135n, 143, 184, 192, 209, 249, 251, 267, 308, 350
Defence Plans (Policy) Sub-Committee, 44
Defence Policy and Requirements Sub-Committee, 9, 38
- See Royal Navy
‘Deficiency’ programme of the Army, 30-31, 41, 47, 70
de Havilland Aircraft Co. Ltd., 151
Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff (DCIGS), 194
- See also North Africa
Destroyers, 2, 3, 24, 25, 49, 58, 59, 63, 64, 65-676, 291, 293n, 294, 298, 380
Devons, Professor E., 414n, 456n, 466n
Dispersal policy, 124, 164-166, 319, 394, 406
Drop forgings, 153-154, 161, 184, 221
Duncan, Sir Andrew, 139n, 140n
- See also Minister of Supply
Duncan Hall, Mr. H., 229n
Dunkirk, as a landmark in history of war production, Chapters III and IV passim
Dynatron Radio, 367
–E–
E-boats, 60
Eastern Supply Group, 247
Economic Policy Committee (Ministerial), 79, 80, 433-434
Economic Policy Committee (Official), 79
Eden, Mr. Anthony, 14
‘Educational’ orders, 44-45
- See also War potential, supplies for the Army
Egypt
- See Middle East
Eisenhower, General Dwight D., 282
Electrical equipment, 299
Electrical manufacturing industries, 388, 405
Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd. (EMI), 367
Emergency Powers Act, May 1940, 145n
Empire and Allied Forces, equipment of, 229, 234
Employment of Women (Control of Engagement) Order, 148
Employment exchanges, 97, 147, 148, 149, 150
Engineer-in-Chief of the Fleet, 412
- See also Brown, Engineer Vice-Admiral Sir Harold
Engineering and allied industries, 19, 98, 149, 152, 158n, 207, 293, 296, 405-406, 408, 412
Engineering products, 35, 267, 287, 353, 355
Engineering Employers’ Federation, 99, 151
English Electric Co. Ltd., 315, 388, 398, 418, 456, 438
Escort vessels, 25, 58, 59, 63, 235, 246n, 286, 290-292, 294, 296, 302
Essential Work Order, March 1941, 149, 150
Essential Work (Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing) Order, March 1941, 64
Excess Profits Tax, 88, 88n, 444
Expenditure, government
on armaments in inter-war period, 1, 2, 3
on fixed capital for war production 445-449
on radio and radar, 359
on rearmament, 12, 23, 24-27, 28, 30-33, 81
Explosives
manufacture of, 8, 45, 46, 177, 427
production programmes in Canada, 229
reductions in requirements of, 352
Export trade, 93
–F–
Fairey Aviation Co. Ltd., 18, 398
Far East, 3, 9, 23-25, 60, 136, 157, 201, 212, 285
war in, effects on naval requirements, 288, 298-299
special requirements for, 298, 377-378
Fedden, Sir Roy, 335
Federation of British Industries, 416
Ferranti Ltd., 367
Ferro-chrome, 38n
Field forces, 6, 28, 30, 33, 68, 71, 74, 127, 196
Fighter Command, 116
Fighting Services, 1, 9-12, 35, 53-57, 219, 271, 274
- See also Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy
Financial policy, 12-13, 55, 80-82
arguments in support of financial stringency before 1938, 13, 26
effect of financial stringency on
equipment of the Army, 6, 27-32, 71, 81
expansion of the RAF, 5, 14-15, 17-18, 20
naval construction, 3, 23, 25-27, 47, 58, 82
procedural changes after outbreak of war, 83-85
- See also Balance of payments, Expenditure, government, Lend-Lease Act
Fire control gear
- See under Naval construction
First Lord of the Admiralty, 74, 144
First World War, The, 7, 37, 95, 100, 102, 134, 206
Five-year government loan, 12
Folland Aircraft Ltd., 436
Ford Motor Co. Ltd., 124, 315, 388, 398, 411
France, 29, 60, 61, 108n, 122, 123, 185, 190, 200, 230, 271, 288
Anglo-French military conversations, 70-73
British losses of Army equipment in, 115, 117, 160
landings in 1944, 187, 191, 282, 284-285
Freeman, Air Chief Marshal Sir Wilfred, 20, 21, 137, 138, 168, 273, 306
- See also Air Ministry, Air Member for Development and Production; Ministry of Aircraft Production, Chief Executive
Freeman-Lemon reform, 21-22, 464
–G–
Gardner, Sir Charles Bruce, 315
Gas-filled projectiles, 348, 350
Gauges, 35n, 37, 45, 67, 184, 205, 206
General Aircraft Ltd., 436
General Credit Vote, 83
- See also Financial policy
General Electric Co. Ltd., (GEC), 360, 366, 367, 388
General Staff, Army, 30, 73, 185, 187, 189, 194
General equipment and stores, 35, 104, 104n, 111, 135, 175, 175n, 287, 356
Germany, 9, 16-17, 25, 29, 32, 54, 70-72, 114, 117, 123, 190
assumptions on date of end of war with, 372-373
comparison between Germany and British state of readiness in October 1938 and September 1939, 56-57, 107-109; in June 1940, 109-111, 119
design of armaments in, 271, 272
rearmament in the air, 14, 16-17, 56-57, 68, 471
‘Speer’ experiment, 316, 408, 465
strength of Navy pre-war, 24, 58, 59, 60
Gneisenau, The, 332
Gowing, Mrs. M. M., 79n, 158n, 371n
‘Gooseberries’, The, 280
Greenwood & Batley Ltd., 8, 181, 396
Gun barrels, 43, 44, 46, 55, 229, 353
Gun carriages and mountings, 103, 105, 119, 182, 283, 399n, 400, 420-421
- See also Naval construction, gun mountings
Guns, 7, 33, 43, 51, 82, 135, 160
losses in France, 177
manufacture of, 399, 418, 420, 427
output of, 45, 48, 50-51, 103, 104-105, 109, 176, 24, 353, 355, 371, 381
requirements of, 73, 130-132, 229, 231, 237, 239
supplies from United States, 246-248
- See also Artillery, anti-aircraft guns, Mortars, Naval guns, Tank and anti-tank guns
–H–
- See also Radar and radio
Hague Convention, 58
Hais cable, 279
Halder, General, 108
Hamel steel pipe, 279
Hancock, Professor W. K., 79n, 158n, 371n
Handley Page Ltd., 18, 320, 325n, 398
Hankey, Lord, 369
Harriman, Mr. Averell, 252
Harrogate, 137
Hawker Aircraft Ltd., 18, 324n
Hawker-Siddeley Group, 336, 388, 390, 417
Hawthorn, R & W., Leslie & Co. Ltd., 293n
Hay, Mr. D., 195n
Hennessy, Mr. (later Sir Patrick), 125, 138
High carbon, 38n
Hitler, Adolf, 9, 14, 15, 23, 55, 107, 111, 115, 148, 323
- See also Radar and radio
Home Defence Force (later Home Guard), 15, 117, 348
Honduras, workers from, 221
Hong Kong, 288
- See also Secretary of State for War
Hornby, Mr. William, 201n
House of Commons Debates
- See under Parliament
Hurstfield, Mr. J., 38n, 88n, 152n, 211n
–I–
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. (ICI), 8, 177, 181, 387, 396, 399, 427n, 433
Imperial Conference of 1937, 89-90
Income tax, 12
India, 345
Industrial capacity, 35, 42, 45, 75, 93-94, 102, 112, 158n, 202-203
allocation system, 162, 163, 184, 460
priority certificates, 161-162
production for Army, 42, 43-44, 203, 204, 346, 347
Merchant Navy, 62
RAF, 14, 17, 18, 19, 40, 41, 67-68, 168, 202, 203, 338
Royal Navy, 26, 58, 203-204, 210-211, 299
radio production, 359-361, 363, 365-368
reconversion to civilian industry, 383-384
Industrial Capacity Committee, 141, 143n, 250, 259, 263-264
Industrial mobilisation, 76
- See also Aircraft industry, Civilian industry, Munitions industry
Industrialists, Advisory Group of, 36, 392
Industry comparison between position in 1935 and 1945, 384-386
government control over, 11, 22, 440-441
- See also Aircraft industry, Civilian industry, Munitions industry
Inman, Mrs. P., 217n
Inter-Service Training and Development Centre (ISTDC.), 284n
Ireland, workers from, 154, 221
Iron ore, 89, 90, 155, 156, 157, 213, 216, 267
Iron and Steel Control, 91, 153
Iron and steel trades, 405-406
Ironside, General (CIGS), 74
Italy, 5, 9, 15, 60, 122, 190, 200, 201, 215
–J–
Japan, 3, 9, 197, 211-212, 288, 294, 376, 377, 379
Joint War Production Staff (JWPS), 223, 256-257, 260, 263, 266, 268, 454
Joint War Planning Group, 257
Jones, Mr. Garro (later Lord Trefgarne), 369n
–K–
Kaiser, Mr. Henry J., 409, 465
Kaiser-Todd contract, 231
Keynes, Mr. J. M. (later Lord), 13, 373
–L–
Labour, 18, 63, 88, 147, 201, 222
skilled, 48, 49, 9-102, 145, 149-152, 154, 184, 217-218, 359, 38-369
unskilled, 146-147, 154, 267, 369
women, 102, 147, 148, 218, 221-222, 224
- See also Manpower
Labour Coordinating Committee, 265-267
Labour Party, The, 145
Labour Preference Committee, 254, 265-268
Labour training schemes, 99, 154, 205, 217, 282
Land Forces Committee, 74
Landing craft, 200, 226, 247, 262, 275, 278, 284-286, 292-294, 298, 380
prefabrication of, 295-296
supplies from United States, 246-248
Layton, Sir Walter T. (later Lord), 139, 231, 233, 234, 254, 256-257, 458
Lemon, Sir Ernest, 21, 261, 338-339, 342, 464, 465, 466
- See also Air Ministry, Director General of Production
Leyland Motors Ltd., 413
Libyan campaign
- See North Africa
Light fleet carriers, 289-290
Lighters, 303
Limitation of Supplies (Miscellaneous) Orders, 141, 148, 158
‘Limited liability’ doctrine, 28, 29, 30, 33, 70-71, 81
Lindemann, Professor F. A.
- See under Cherwell, Lord
Lobnitz & Co., 280n
Location of Industry Committee, 258
Locomotive firms, 426
London, 32, 100, 151, 352, 360
London Aircraft Production Group, 398
London Naval Treaty 1930, 2, 3, 9, 23-24
Lord President of the Council, 143, 214, 215, 223-224, 249, 265, 304, 312
Lord President’s Committee, 143, 157, 159
Lothian, Lord, 57
Lucas, Mr. Oliver, 140
‘Lucayan’ dredger, 280n
Lyttelton, Mr. Oliver
- See Minister of Production
–M–
MacArthur, General Douglas, 377
MacDonald, Mr. Ramsay, 13
McKinnon Committee, 396
McLintock Agreement, 446
Macmillan, Mr. Harold, 263
Machine-tool Control, 94n, 205, 206, 207, 210, 211, 255, 439
Machine-tool Controller General, 209, 297
Machine tools, 151, 169, 184, 201-211, 255, 264, 486
and aircraft industry, 19, 203-204, 205, 208-210
and munitions industries, 204, 205, 210
and shipbuilding industry, 58, 204, 210-211
and war potential, 45, 67, 206
‘mutual aid’ scheme, 422
procurement of, from United States, 94, 94n, 21, 206-207, 229-230, 235
special purpose tools, 401-403, 411
Machinery, licensing of, 158n
Madagascar, 200
Magnesite, 38n
Magnetos, 165
Malta, 332
Man-hours, 340-341, 409, 410, 466
Manpower
allocations of, 151-152, 225, 226-227, 379-380
growing short of, and munitions aid from United States, 236, 242-243
industrial distribution of, 101-102
military recruitment and munitions industries, 95, 147, 219, 220
Schedule of Reserved Occupations, 95-96, 151, 220
priorities for, 151, 226, 268, 305
preference machinery, 295-269, 309, 381
requirements and supplies of, for
aircraft industry and MAP, 19, 22, 96, 151-152, 172, 220, 225-227, 268-269, 304-305, 309, 310, 312-313, 376, 379, 381
‘Bolero’ operation, 278
merchant shipbuilding, 62, 300-302
‘Mulberry’, 282
munitions industries (War Office and Ministry of Supply), 146, 147, 150, 152, 154, 175, 220-221, 225-227, 268, 347, 348-349, 350-352, 353, 371, 372, 379, 381, 382, 383
naval shipbuilding and Admiralty industries, 4, 48, 49, 61, 62, 64-66, 96-96, 146, 149, 152, 218, 292-293, 295, 296, 298, 300, 375, 379-380, 424
surveys of, 85, 100-101, 147, 219, 220, 223-224, 226
training schemes, 99, 154, 205, 217, 282
Manpower contd.
upgrading and dilution, 99-100, 152, 217
- See also Labour
Manpower Committee, 141, 250, 259n, 265, 273
Manpower Requirements Committee, 141, 142, 147, 150, 152, 219, 220
Marshall, General George, 199, 345n
Marquis, Sir Frederick J. (later Woolton), 104n
Matapan, Battle of, 332
May, Mr. Stacy, 238
Medical supplies, 119, 356-358
Mediterranean, 23, 60, 61, 63, 155, 212n, 215, 286, 288
Mensforth, Mr. E., 391n, 409n, 410n
Merchant shipbuilding and repair
construction of merchant vessels, 26, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64-65, 300-303, 380
conversion of merchant vessels for naval use, 56, 65-66
repair of merchant vessels, 62, 139, 300-301, 380-381
Metalworking industries, 405
Metropolitan Air Force, 316-317, 318
Metropolitan-Vickers Electric Co. Ltd., 361, 367, 388, 393, 419
Mica, 91
Micklem, Commander E. R., 355n
Middle East, 60, 188, 122, 126, 129, 130, 132, 190, 200, 211, 244
Military Coordination Committee, 75, 79-80, 134, 175, 190
Militia, formation of, 72
Mills, Sir Percy, 255-256, 260n, 261
- See also Machine-tool Controller General
Minesweepers, 25, 58, 59, 65, 246n, 291, 294, 380
Minister for Coordination of Defence
(Sir Thomas Inskip), 11, 12, 18n, 26, 29, 35, 39, 77, 87
(Lord Chatfield), 71n
Minister of Aircraft Production
(Lord Beaverbrook), 116, 123, 124, 137-138, 160-161, 165, 168, 173, 230-231, 235, 319, 324
(Colonel Moore-Brabazon), 138, 435
(Colonel J. J. Llewellin), 306
(Sir Stafford Cripps), 173, 306, 307, 323, 358
- See also Ministry of Aircraft Production
Minister of Labour and National Service
(Mr. Ernest Bevin), 142, 145, 221, 312, 369n
- See also Ministry of Labour
Minister of Production
(Mr. Oliver Lyttelton), 215, 240-242, 248-274, 297, 304, 312, 349, 353, 459
- See also Ministry of Production
Minister of Supply
(Dr. Leslie Burgin), 69, 74, 75
(Mr. Herbert Morrison), 134, 139, 160, 184
(Sir Andrew Duncan), 139n, 140n, 225-256
(Lord Beaverbrook), 118, 138, 140, 209, 252
- See also Ministry of Supply
Ministry of Aircraft Production, 20, 40, 69, 94n, 124-126, 151, 160, 164-173, 200, 225-227, 266, 270, 322-344, 358, 378
administrative changes in June 1941, 138
priorities and, 116, 123, 151, 153, 159-161
programming activities of, 455-456
relations with aircraft industry, 394, 435-439, 443, 451, 461-466
- See also Aircraft, Aircraft industry, Machine tools, Manpower, Priorities, industrial
Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment, 437
Aircraft Production Officer, 437
Aircraft Supply Council, 138, 364, 367
Airframes Modifications Committee, 343, 344
Controller of Communications Equipment, 367
Controller General, 138, 260n, 312
Deputy Director General of Statistics and Programmes, 307, 312, 313-314
Deputy Directorate General of Statistics and Programmes, 170, 455, 456, 466
Director of Machine Tools, 209
Director of Radio Production, 368
Director General of Research and Development, 325
Directorate General of Technical Development, 333
Directorate General of Materials Production, 311, 312, 438, 459
Drop Forgings Committee, 153
Overseers, 437
Parliamentary Secretary, 364
Permanent Secretary, 138
Production Directorates, 138
Production Efficiency Board, 315, 438
Regional and Emergency Services Organisation, 173
Resident Technical Officers, 436
Royal Aircraft Establishment, 361, 437
Secretariat, 138
Telecommunications Research Establishment, 463
Ministry of Economic Warfare, 79n
Ministry of Food, 79n
Ministry of Home Security, 79n
Ministry of Information, 79n
Ministry of Labour and National Service, 79, 96, 97-100, 145-152, 154, 220, 223, 226, 251, 263, 265-269, 312, 351
Ministry of Material Resources, pre-war plans for a, 77-78
Ministry of Munitions, 37, 77, 78, 100
Ministry of National Service, 79, 79n
Ministry of Production, 43, 144, 215, 248-274
Industrial Division, 258-259
Joint Industrial Staff and Joint Production Committee, project for, 259-260
Minister of Production’s Council, 253
Munitions Management and Labour Efficiency Committee (‘Five Man Board’), 260, 261n
Permanent Secretary, 259n
Ministry of Shipping, 60
Ministry of Supply, 73, 94, 100, 112, 127, 130-137, 160, 174-194, 196, 205, 210, 217, 230, 235, 259, 263, 266, 270-274, 280-283, 345-357, 374, 397, 428
administrative changes 1940-41, 139-141
Index of Production, 174, 175, 353-354
pre-war plans for a, 76-78, 80, 270
procedure for ‘end-of-war’ cancellations, 381-383
programming activities of, 456-458
‘reduction of requirements’ technique, 351-352
relations with private contractors, 98, 394, 439, 449, 451
supplies from United States, 231-232, 234, 237-238
Armoured Fighting Vehicle Division, 355n
Central Priority Department, 42-43
Controller General of Munitions Production, 140, 262n, 273, 351, 429
Controller General of Research and Development, 140
Director General of Equipment and Stores, 104, 104n
Director General of Filling Factories, 429
Director General of Ordnance Factories, 429
Director General of Programmes, 133, 139, 181, 458, 461
Directorate of Medical Supplies, 356
Minister’s Council, 140
Permanent Secretary, 140
Production Directorates, 140-141, 177, 180
Raw Materials Department, 80, 90, 91-92, 159, 213, 215
Ministry of Supply, contd.
Second Secretary (Supply), 351
Secretariat, 140-141
Senior Supply Officer, 273n
Under Secretary (Supply), 346
Ministry of War Transport, 280
Molybdenum, 38n
Monckton, Sir Walter, 283
Monnet, Monsieur Jean, 121, 232
Moore-Brabazon, Colonel (later Lord Brabazon), 138, 435
Morgenthau, Mr. Henry, 373
Morris Motors Ltd., 319
- See also Nuffield Organisation
Morrison, Mr. Herbert, 134
- See also Minister of Supply
Motor car industry, 40, 405, 418, 426, 433
Motor cycles, 73, 117, 130, 132
Motor transport vehicles, 6, 117, 236
‘Mulberry’, 144, 275, 278, 280-284, 286, 287, 433
- See also Baker floating dolphins, Bombardon, Gooseberries, Phoenix, Whale
Mullard Radio Valve Co. Ltd., 360
Munich crisis, 14, 36, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 67, 69, 70, 76, 80, 84, 86, 91, 95, 105, 107, 112
Munitions industry
costs of production, 409-410
compared with United States, 409
demobilisation of
‘free issues’, 414-416
grouping of firms, 299, 417-422
management in, 18, 165, 394-395, 408
mobilisation of small firms, 389-390, 391
compared with United States, 388-389
relations with Government, 423-466
size of industrial units in Britain and the United States, 387-391, 404-406
specialisation of firms and equipment, 395-404, 407-408, 410-411
compared with specialisation in the United States, 407, 411
sub-contracting, 21, 22, 49, 96, 98, 412, 414, 416
- See also Agency factories, Aircraft industry, Machine tools, Manpower, Raw materials, Rearmament, Royal Ordnance Factories, War potential
–N–
Napier, D., & Son Ltd., 149, 151, 398, 438
National Aircraft Factories, First World war, 435
National Munition Factories, 7, 393, 432
Naval aircraft
- See Aircraft, main groups
Naval construction
labour problems, 49, 63, 65-66, 96-97, 292-293, 300
output of new vessels, 27, 64, 294-300
programmes of new construction, 3, 23-27, 47, 58-66, 82, 113, 196, 284-294, 375-376, 380, 469, 470
raw materials shortages, 64-65, 298
requirements and supplies of specialised equipment, 299-300
fire control gear, 43, 49-50, 299
gun mountings, 48-49, 50, 51, 66, 299, 441
special requirements for war in Far East, 294, 298, 377-378
- See also Battleships, Cruisers, Destroyers, Escort vessels, Landing craft, Shipbuilding industry, Small vessels
Naval dockyards, 47-48, 59, 146, 204, 423-424, 432, 441
Naval guns, 50-51, 299, 400, 414
Naval ship repairs, 60-62, 66, 113, 380
Naval Staff, 63, 78, 288, 289, 290
Naval Treaties, 2, 3, 9, 23-24, 47, 49, 50
Netherlands East Indies, 212
New Crown Forgings Ltd., 396
Nigeria, tin from, 212
Non-ferrous metals, 91, 93, 156, 212, 213, 216, 267, 279n
Non-ferrous metals trades, 405-406
‘Normal trade’, doctrine of, 11, 12, 20, 22, 49, 86-87, 88
Normandy landings
- See France
North Africa, 115, 155, 183, 187, 198, 199n, 201, 215, 273
supply requirements of Desert campaign, 117-118, 191, 193, 194, 235, 284
North American Supplies Committee, 121, 232
North-West England, 150, 151, 177, 412
Nuffield, Lord, 318-319
Nuffield Mechanizations Ltd., 189, 396, 399, 420
Nuffield Organisation, 388, 390, 413
–O–
‘One-power standard’, 3, 4, 23, 24, 25
- See Royal Navy
Operation ‘Bolero’, 199
‘Round-up’, 199
‘Torch’, 199
Overseas squadrons, 39
–P–
Packard Motor Company, USA, 246
du Parcq, Lord Justice, 367
Parliament, 14n, 20, 55, 57, 72n, 77-78, 83, 87, 97, 98n, 141n, 142, 181, 183, 193, 194, 152n, 252n, 253n, 254n, 258, 270, 332, 342, 435, 436
Pearl Harbor as a landmark in history of war production, Chapters IV, V and VI passim
Petroleum Division (Ministry of Fuel and Power), 279n
Petroleum Warfare Department, 279
Planning of war production, 459-466
Plant, Professor A., 255
Plastics, 91
Polish Prisoners’ Divisions, 276
Portland, 282
Portsmouth, 32
Postan, Professor M. M.., 195n
Prefabrication, 292, 295-296, 301, 302
Preston, 147
Price-fixing, 444-445
- See also Capital assistance to firms
Prime Minister
(Mr. Stanley Baldwin), 15
(Mr. Neville Chamberlain), 18, 54, 55, 71, 72, 80, 81
(Mr. Winston S. Churchill), 116, 168, 169, 196, 373, 378
Prime Minister (Mr. Winston S. Churchill) and
ammunition, wastage rates and requirements, 133-135
Army, size and role of, 127-129, 130
balance of payments policy, 83, 230
bomber programmes, 125-126
British strategy after Dunkirk, 119, 122, 309
central administration of war production, changes in June 1940, 141-144
Commandos, 284
conferences of Allied leaders, 198, 199, 200
manpower, 151, 223-225, 305, 348, 350
Minister of Production, functions of, 254
‘Mulberry’, 280-283
naval shipbuilding - directive of 26th March 1941, 63, 288, 300
priorities after VE-Day, 374
raw materials, stocks and import programmes, 214, 217
Royal Ordnance Factories, three-shift workings in, 180
supplies for USSR, 118
supplies from the United States, 117, 121, 233-238
tanks, design and production of, 183, 184, 192, 193, 193n
Prime Minister’s Statistical Branch, 144, 462
- See also Cherwell, Lord
Principal Supply Officers’ Committee, 35, 37, 38n, 45, 77, 89, 163
- See also Supply Board
Priorities, industrial, 87-88, 374
air defence of Britain, 14, 33, 160
aircraft construction, 14, 74, 87, 116, 123-124, 151, 159-160, 226, 304, 305, 324-325
Army, 27, 74, 160, 184, 226-227
coastal defence, 33
‘Mulberry’, 283
naval construction, 64, 65, 160, 226, 286, 287, 290-294, 295, 301-302, 304
- See also Industrial capacity, Manpower, Raw materials
Priorities, strategic
after Munich, 70
after Dunkirk, 121-122
after Pearl Harbor, 198-201
Priority of Production Directions, 64, 153, 160, 161, 184, 185
Priority Committee (Ministerial), 79, 80, 91, 141
Production Council, 141, 142, 143, 151, 160, 184
Production Efficiency Board, 315, 438
Production Executive, 142, 143, 184, 249, 250
Programming, 454-459
Propellers (aircraft), 165, 166, 167, 318
Protocols with USSR, 119, 239, 276
Proximity fuses, 276
Public Accounts Committee, 84n
Purvis, Mr. A. B., 121, 232, 237, 238n
–Q–
Quebec conferences at, 299, 373, 376, 377
–R–
Radar and radio, 106-107, 161, 248, 267, 276, 299, 358-370
Rangoon, 288
Raw materials, 119, 121, 152-163, 198, 201, 211-217, 229, 230, 235, 236, 255, 298
allocation system, 91, 92-93, 141, 159, 161-163
bulk purchase of, 89-90
Controls, 38, 88, 90-93, 159, 255
Department - See under Ministry of Supply
import programmes, 157, 211, 212, 213, 216, 255
licensing system, 91, 92-93, 153
pre-war plans for Ministry of, 77-78
priority system, 92-93, 159, 161
rearmament and, 18, 19, 21, 64-65, 75, 160-161
Raw Materials committees
Joint Production and Materials Priority Committee, 141, 143n
Materials Committee, 143, 153, 159, 162, 163, 250, 255, 459
Materials Priority Sub-Committee, 93
Rearmament, 1, 10, 27, 29, 105
comparison between state of preparedness October 1938 and September 1939, 105-107
comparison between state of preparedness in Britain and Germany, October 1938, September 1939, June 1940, 107-111
effect on, of Munich crisis, 53
of outbreak of war, 112
of Dunkirk, 115
planned rate, 54, 112, 113-114, 119-123
- See also Financial policy, Industrial capacity, War potential
Refrigerators, 378
Regional organisation, 98, 141, 142, 250-251, 263-265, 390
Registration for Employment Order, March 1941, 148
Relaxation of Customs Agreement, 99-100
Renwick, Sir Robert, 367
Robinson, Professor E. A. G., 452n, 453n
Roe, A. V. & Co. Ltd. 315, 320, 419
Rolls-Royce Ltd., 18, 167, 187, 321, 336, 398, 411
Rommel, Marshal, 118, 183, 187
Roosevelt, Franklin D., President of United States, 198, 199, 200, 237-238, 277
Rootes, Mr. (later Sir William), 140
Rootes Motors Ltd., 140, 149, 388, 398, 418
Rosyth, 442
Rotol Ltd., 167
Royal Air Force (RAF), 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14-23, 27, 39, 55-57, 68, 70, 81, 106, 123, 318-319, 326-332, 359, 361, 377
- See also Aircraft, Aircraft industry, Rearmament
Royal Aircraft Establishment, 361, 437
Royal Army Service Corps, 6
Royal Artillery, 6
Royal Engineer units, 6
Royal Navy, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 23, 52, 57, 58-66, 120, 279, 287-300, 377-378
‘one-power standard’, 3, 4, 23, 24, 25
‘two-power standard’, 23, 24-25, 26, 27, 51, 58, 82
- See also Admiralty, Naval construction
Royal Ordnance Factories, 8, 12, 43, 47, 75, 94n, 113, 177, 182, 383, 392, 465
efficiency of, 179-180, 352, 430-432
employment in, 8, 147, 149, 150, 152, 347, 351, 352, 388
individual factories
Nottingham, 399n
Poole, 401
Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, 8, 46, 179, 181, 188, 395, 399, 426, 427, 430
Royal Gunpowder Factory, Waltham, 8, 46, 395, 427
Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield Lock, 8, 395, 400-401, 427
organisation and administration of, 424-429
planning and construction of, 45, 112, 177-182, 393
specialisation of, 397, 399-401
types of:
engineering factories, 182, 218, 352, 425, 426, 428
explosives factories, 46, 177, 399, 428
filling factories, 46, 147, 177-181, 347, 351, 352, 428, 431
small arms ammunition factories, 181-182, 428
Royal Signal units, 6
Rubber, 89, 90, 91, 159, 162, 163, 212, 279
Ruhr, 362
Russia
- See under Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
–S–
Salter, Sir Arthur, 89, 121, 232
Sawley Spares Depot, 321n
Scharnhorst, The, 332
Schedule of Reserved Occupations, 95-96, 151, 220
Searchlights, 55
Secretary of State for Air
(Lord Swinton), 12, 16, 17, 18n, 68-69, 168, 322
(Sir H. Kingsley Wood), 319
(Sir Archibald Sinclair), 316
Secretary of State for War
(Mr. A. Duff Cooper), 28, 30, 33, 43, 46
(Mr. L. Hore-Belisha), 71, 74, 77
Seely, Sir Hugh, 57
Select Committee on National Expenditure, 142, 162, 181, 320n, 430n
Self, Sir Henry, 259n
‘Shadow’ factories, for aero engines, 150, 397, 418, 433
for radio valves, 360
Sheffield, 43
Shift-working, 41, 125, 147, 164, 168, 169, 179, 180, 209-210, 339, 431
Shipbuilding industry, 59, 65, 284, 294, 298, 300
position at time of Munich crisis, 47, 48
prefabrication and, 292, 293, 296
shipyard re-equipment schemes, 204-205, 210-211, 296-297, 299
- See also Machine tools, Manpower, Merchant shipbuilding, Naval construction, Naval dockyards
Shipping space, shortage of, 157, 212, 215, 236, 277-278
Ships
HMS Anson, 289
Audacious, 289
Formidable, 289n
Hawke, 293n
Hood, 288
Howe, 289
Illustrious, 289n
Indomitable, 289n
Leviathan, 293n
Majestic, 298
Temeraire, 63
Triumph, 293n
Victorious, 289n
Short Brothers Ltd., 125, 164, 208, 320
Signals and engineering equipment, 353
Simon, Sir John (later Lord), 14
- See also Chancellor of the Exchequer
Sinclair, Sir Archibald, 306
- See also Secretary of State for Air
Sinclair, Sir Robert, 262n
- See also Ministry of Production, Chief Executive
Sisal, 212
British and German output compared, 109-110
losses in France, 117
manufacture of, 400-401, 413-414
supplies from the United States, 117, 247
types of
machine guns
Besa, 400
Lewis, 7
rifles, 7, 109, 110, 117, 176, 182, 231, 239
Boys’ anti-tank, 400
20-mm. guns, 324
Hispano-Suiza, 400
Small arms ammunition, 8, 43, 160, 176, 181, 182, 353, 371, 381n
- See also Ammunition
Small vessels, 24, 27, 57-60, 288, 290-292, 294, 470
- See also Naval construction
Small tools, 206-207
- See also Machine tools
Sodium, 90n
South-East Asia Command, 303
‘Speer’ experiment, 316, 408, 465
- See also Germany
Stalin, Marshal, 200
Stalingrad, 198
Stamp, Lord, 79
Stamp Survey of Economic and Financial Plans, 85, 219, 453
Stampings, 184
Standard Motor Co. Ltd., 388, 398
Steel, 59, 62, 64, 65, 91, 92, 93, 155-156, 158-159, 162, 212, 213, 216, 279, 282, 349
Stewarts and Lloyds Ltd., 43, 396, 403
Stimson, Mr. Henry, 238
Storage Committee (Ministerial), 383-384
Strategic plans, 54, 119-122, 127-128, 196-201, 213-214, 215, 220, 236, 238, 240, 242, 246, 269, 286, 303-304, 377
Sub-contracting, 21, 22, 49, 96, 98, 398, 412-414, 416
- See also Aircraft industry, Munitions industry
Submarines, 2, 3, 25, 59, 60, 65, 246n, 294, 298, 380
Sudetenland, 16
Sulphuric acid, 90n
Supermarine Aviation Works Ltd., 164, 165n, 340
Supply Board, of the Principal Supply Officers’ Committee, 35, 36, 37, 42, 206, 209, 392
Supply Committees of, 35, 37, 42, 403n
Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd., 293n
Swinton Lord, 16, 19, 168, 322
- See also Secretary of State for Air
–T–
Tank and anti-tank guns, 43, 193
comparison between British and German tank fire-power, 193, 195
design and development of, 193-195
losses in France, 117
requirements of, 73, 188, 130, 131, 132, 231, 237, 239
types of
3-pounder, 7
2-pounder, 7, 73, 103, 132, 183, 184, 193, 403
6-pounder, 183, 184, 193-194, 403, 410
17-pounder, 195
75-mm. tank gun, 195
Tank Board, 192
Tank Landing Craft (LCT), 284-285, 293, 295, 296, 303
Tank Landing Ship (LST), 284-285, 293-294, 303
Tank Parliament, 184
Tank transports, 189
Tankers, 303
Tanks, British, 37, 63, 130, 185, 188, 247, 262, 275, 283, 353, 382
compared with German tanks, 185, 187-188
design and development of, 7, 188-193, 354, 426
Ford V.12, 188
Liberty, 188
Vauxhall, 188
output of, 103, 176, 184, 185, 186, 190, 191, 353-355, 371, 374
comparison between British and German output, 110
requirements of, 73, 118, 129, 130, 131, 132, 185, 186, 190, 191, 192, 237, 239
supplies from United States, 236, 247
types
Valentine, 185, 190, 191, 413, 426
Churchill (A.22), 185, 188, 190, 192-193, 194, 388, 411, 420, 426
cruiser, 187, 188n, 231, 267, 375, 413
Comet, 426
Covenanter, 413
Cromwell, 187, 191, 194, 413, 426
Cavalier-Centaur, 276
Cromwell, 276
Tanks, Canadian, 245, 245n, 247
supplies to Britain, 235
Tanks, German, 109, 110, 185, 187
Tanks, United States, 233, 234, 245, 246
in North Africa, 189
the Sherman tank, 245, 246, 247
Taranto, Battle of, 332
Technical Costs Officers, 465
Telecommunications Research Establishment, 463
Timber, 90, 91, 93, 94, 155-157, 162, 212, 213n, 216, 220
‘Time and motion’ studies, 180, 431
Trawlers, 57, 58, 60, 64, 65-66, 291, 293n
Treasury, 13, 44, 46, 68, 75, 77, 80, 82, 83, 84-85, 97, 106, 111, 346, 439, 449, 450n, 451
Sub-Committee on Contract Procedure, 433
Treasury Inter-Service Committee, 81, 82, 84, 85, 112
Turrets (aircraft), 68
‘Two-power standard’, 23, 24-25, 26, 27, 51, 58, 82
- See Royal Navy
–U–
Undertakings (Restriction of Engagement) Order, 149
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), 115, 118-119, 197, 200, 211, 252, 271, 318
Second Protocol, 276
United States of America, 5, 38, 62, 75, 83, 130, 188, 374
Before Pearl Harbor:
Army Contract Distribution Division, 389
‘battle of the types’, 121, 234
‘deficiency’ and ‘insurance’ orders, 231-232
fifty destroyers to Britain, 61, 231
first-aid shipments to Britain, 117, 231
Office of Production Management, Defence Contract Service, 389
output of munitions, compared with British, 233
problems of payment by the United Kingdom, 229, 230, 236
Purvis ‘Balance Sheet’, 237
‘Purvis-Monnet-Salter’ argument, 121, 232-233
supplies from
aircraft, 125-126, 173, 230-231, 235, 236
machine tools, 94, 206-207, 230, 235
naval supplies, 231
raw materials, 154, 156-157, 229, 230
supplies to USSR, 239
‘ten-division programme’, 234
‘Victory programme’, 238-239, 277
After Pearl Harbor, 197-198
Anglo-American agencies set up, 240-241, 252
comparative costs of American and British weapons, 408-409
enlistment of small firms, 388-389
immediate effect on supplies to Britain of entry into the war, 198, 240, 290, 291
industrial planning in, 464, 465
Mr. O. Lyttelton’s missions, 240-241
mass production methods, 244, 342-343, 365, 411
need for Anglo-American unified production plan, 242, 243
output of munitions, compared with British, 244
quality of American weapons, compared with British, 244-246, 272
size of production units, compared with British, 390-391, 405-406
Small Business Act, 389
Smaller War Plants Corporation, 389
specialisation of production units, compared with British, 406
supplies from, 345-346
cable for Pluto, 279
engines for LCTs, 298
penicillin, 358
raw materials, 212-215
War Production Board, 241
war production ‘targets’, 241, 277
reduction in, 242
- See also Combined Boards, Conferences between Prime Minister and President, Lend-Lease Act
–V–
Vauxhall Motors Ltd., 193, 388, 413, 414, 420, 426
Versailles, Treaty of, 9
Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd., 7, 8, 43, 48, 51, 138, 164, 184, 188, 208, 330, 387, 388, 390, 392, 395, 397, 398, 399, 400, 413, 417, 418-419, 426, 428, 439, 441, 442
‘Victory’ Conference, 125, 238-239, 345
–W–
Wage rates, 100, 150-151, 154, 292-293
Wallis, Mr. B. N., 328n
War Cabinet, 73, 93, 94, 144, 180, 351, 452-455
assumptions on end of war in Europe, 372-373
formation of central machinery, 79, 91
War Cabinet, contd.
hypothesis of three-year war, 54, 68
manpower problems, 99, 151, 220, 223-225, 268, 312, 348, 350
priority decisions, 160, 287, 290, 301-302, 303, 305
War Office, 6, 7, 27-34, 41-46, 49, 55, 71-75, 77, 80, 81, 95-96, 104n, 108, 127-136, 177, 183, 185, 187, 190, 194, 196, 245, 346-358, 381, 397, 401, 433, 440, 450, 457-458
Adviser on Army Clothing, 104n
Army Council, 44
Director of Artillery, 194
Director of Industrial Planning, 37, 38, 42
Directorate of Transportation, 280n
Director General of Army Requirements, 42
Director General of Munitions Production (DGMP), 33, 36-37, 43-44, 46, 77, 104, 113, 140, 270, 457
- See also Secretary of State for War
War Office Process Manuals, 42, 440
War potential, 34-52
machinery for the planning of, 35-37
preparations made by Cabinet Committee, 37-38
preparations made by the Service departments for the production of
aircraft and aircraft components, 39-41, 67-69, 397
supplies for the Army, 41-47, 111, 113, 177-178, 181, 397
supplies for the Navy, 47-52, 397
War production, administration of, 77n
machinery set up on outbreak of war, 76-80
changes made after Dunkirk, 137-145
Washington DC, conferences at, 198, 199
Washington Naval Treaty 1922, 2, 47, 49, 50
Watson-Watt, Mr. (later Sir Robert), 106
Wavell, General (later Field Marshal) Sir A. P., 118, 129
Weapons
- See Armaments
Weir, Lord, 392
Welding, 204, 211, 218, 280, 296, 297-298, 402
Westland Aircraft Co., 5
Wheeled vehicles
Army requirements of, 6, 73, 118, 130, 132
from United States, 245, 247-248
output of, 176
Wireless valves, 300, 360, 363-365
Wolfe, Mr. Humbert, 99, 100, 147, 153
Wool, 89, 90, 91, 93, 157-158, 213n
Woolton, Lord, 104
Works and Building Priority Committee, 141, 250
Wright, Mr. T. P. 409n