Army Air Forces in World War II: Volume 1

Plans and Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942

Prepared under the editorship of

Wesley Frank Craven, Princeton University,

James Lea Cate, University of Chicago.

By Air Historical Group United States Air Force

Wilfred J. Paul, Col, USAF, Director

Albert F. Simpson, Air Force Historian

Table of Contents

Foreword

Section 1: The Early Heritage

Chapter 1: Origins of a Mission

James Lea Cate, University of Chicago

Chapter 2: The Army Air Arm Between Two Wars, 1919–39

James Lea Cate, University of Chicago, Wesley Frank Craven, New York University

Section 2: Prelude to War

Chapter 3: Air War, 1939–41

E: Kathleen Williams, Louis E. Asher Fellow, University of Chicago

Chapter 4: The Air Corps Prepares for War, 1939–41

James Lea Cate, University of Chicago, E. Kathleen Williams, Louis E. Asher Fellow, University of Chicago

Chapter 5: Deployment of the AAF on the Eve of Hostilities

E. Kathleen Williams, Louis E. Asher Fellow, University of Chicago

Chapter 6: Pearl Harbor and Clark Field

Richard L. Watson, Duke University

Chapter 7: Establishment of the Fundamental Bases of Strategy

James Lea Cate, University of Chicago

Section 3: Tactical Demands – Concentration versus Dispersal of Forces

Chapter 8: Air Defense of the Western Hemisphere

William A. Goss, City College of San Francisco

Chapter 9: The Early Development of Air Transport and Ferrying

John D. Carter, West Virginia University

Chapter 10: Loss of the Netherlands East Indies

Richard L. Watson, Duke University

Chapter 11: The Defense of Australia

Richard L. Watson, Duke University

Chapter 12: Drawing the Battle Line in the Pacific

Kramer J. Rohfleisch, San Diego State College

Chapter 13: The Problem of New Guinea

Richard L. Watson, Duke University

Chapter 14: Commitments to China

Herbert Weaver, Georgia Teachers College

Chapter 15: The AAF in the Battle of the Atlantic

Arthur B. Ferguson, Duke University

Section 4: Preparations for the Air War against Germany

Chapter 16: Plans, Policies, and Organization

James Lea Cate, University of Chicago

Chapter 17: Establishment of the Eighth Air Force in the United Kingdom

Alfred Goldberg, Office of Air Force History

Chapter 18: Rouen-Sotteville No. 1, 17 August 1942

Arthur B. Gerguson, Duke University

Appendix 1: Representation of Relative Strength of AAF Units, 1941

Appendix 2: Selected List of Planes in use by the AAF, December 1941–August 1942

Appendix 3: Approximate Normal Ranges of US Aircraft in statute miles

Glossary

Index

List of Maps and Charts

Hawaiian Islands – Luzon – The Philippines and Northern Australia – Northeastern Australia – Organization of Army Air Forces, March 1942 – Boundaries of Continental Defense, June 1942 – Eastern and Western Approaches to Panama Canal – Alaska and the Aleutian Islands – Principal Sea and Air Routes as Designated by Washington Conference, December 1941 – Atlantic Ferrying and Transport Routes Prior to 7 December 1941 – Principal Foreign Transport and Ferrying Routes, Army Air Forces, 30 June 1942 – The ABDA Area – Java – The Southwest Pacific – Australia and the United States – Australia and New Guinea – Island Chain of the South Pacific – The Tokyo Mission – The Coral Sea – The North Pacific – The Aleutian Islands – New Guinea and the Solomons – China–Burma–India – Sinkings of Merchant Vessels, September 1940–August 1942: – Sinkings of Merchant Vessels, September 1940–August 1942 – AAF Antisubmarine Operations – Western Atlantic Defense Areas as of 1 August 1942 – Schematic Organization Recommended by Commanding General, U.S. Army Air Forces in the United Kingdom for U.S. Army Air Forces in the United Kingdom – Schematic Organization, U.S. Army Air Forces in the United Kingdom – Eighth Air Force Installations, August 1942 – Routes of BOLERO Movement – Organization of Eighth Air Force as of August 1942

List of Illustrations

General of the Army Henry H. Arnold – The DH-4B – The Martin Bomber, 1921 – The Barling Bomber, 1923 – The B-10B – The B-18A – B-17’s in Formation, May 1937 – B-17’s Over New York, 1939 – The B-15 and a P-36 – The B-19 – Potential Spheres of Air Influence – Potential Spheres of Air Influence – Hemisphere Defense – Bases and Operating Radii B-17 and B-24 – Air Offensive Against Germany, AWPD/1 – Construction of Alaskan Landing Field, August 1941 – Construction at a Camp in Iceland, November 1941 – P-26 – P-35 – Plan for Employment of Bombardment Aviation in Defense of Oahu – Search Sectors – B-34 – P-36 – A-20 – A-24 – Japanese Photograph of Wheeler Field, 7 December 1941 – Hangar No. 11, Hickam Field – Improvised Machine Gun Nest, Hickam Field – Damage to Barracks, Wheeler Field – Damage at Wheeler Field – Cavite Navy Yards, Philippine Islands, 10 December 1941 – Port Area, Manila, 24 December 1941 – Window Display in New York Department Store – Ground Observation Posts – Operations Room, Philadelphia Information Center – B-24A’s Used in the Ferrying Command’s Pioneer North Atlantic Transport Service – LB-30 Used in Pacific Transport Service Inaugurated in the Spring of 1942 – First Test Landing on Steel Matting, Carolina Maneuvers, 1941 – Atkinson Field, British Guiana, June 1942 – Parnamirim Field, Natal, Brazil, June 1942 – BLUIE West 1, June 1942 – Reykjavik Airfield, Iceland, April 1942 – The Night Shift, Patterson Field, Iceland, 1942 – Camouflaged P-38 Belonging to 41st Fighter Squadron, 1942 – The Same Plane with Camouflage Partly Removed – Reconnaissance Photo of Vunakanau Airfield (Rabaul), April 1942 – Port Moresby, 1 June 1942 – A B-25 Ready for Take-Off from USS Hornet – One of the B-25’s Takes Off – Chinese Carry Doolittle Raiders to Safety – Japanese Carrier Under Attack by B-17’s, 4 June 1942 – Japanese Installations on North Head, Kiska, July 1942 – Headquarters, 35th Fighter Group, Port Moresby, 1942 – Headquarters, 35th Fighter Group, Port Moresby, 1942 – Karachi Air Base, 1942 – A B-18 on Patrol in the Caribbean – The AAF Officially Takes Over RAF Airdrome, December 1942 – Burtonwood as it Appeared at the Close of the War – The Spitfire MK-5 – The Spitfire MK-5, Side View – Crash-Landed Planes of the Eight Air Force – Greenland, Summer 1942 – Ceremonies Attending Transfer of Eagle Squadrons to USAAF, September 1942 – Briefing of Bomber Crews, Polebrook, August 1942 – Reconnaissance Photo, Rouen-Sotteville I