Index
Abbey of Monte Cassino. See Monte Cassino abbey.
Acque Bollicante: 216
Acton, 1st Lt. Mike: 142
Acuto:209
Adige River: 257, 393-94, 443, 447-48, 452-54, 492, 495, 498-99, 502-04, 511, 526
Aguigliano: 278
Air, Allied: 41, 258. See also Anzio beachhead; MALLORY MAJOR; STRANGLE.
Gothic Line operations: 299, 314, 322, 340, 370, 380, 383, 391, 396, 398, 401, 410
heavy bombers and carpet bombing: 398, 400, 463, 470
radar-directed bombing: 543
support of final offensive: 411, 448, 454, 457, 463-64, 470, 478, 483
Air commands and forces, Allied
British Desert Air Force: 11, 313-14, 340, 395, 400-401, 457, 463, 468
Eighth U.S. Air Force: 11
Fifteenth U.S. Air Force: 11, 409n
Mediterranean Allied Air Forces (MAAF): 11, 77
Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Force: 11
Mediterranean Allied Strategic Air Force (MASAF): 11, 229, 370, 391, 457, 463
Mediterranean Allied Tactical Air Force (MATAF): 11, 20, 229, 370, 391, 483
Twelfth U.S. Air Force: 11, 463
U.S. Strategic Air Force: 11
XII Tactical Air Command: 36, 63, 75, 86, 115-16, 121, 154, 370n, 380
XXII Tactical Air Command: 370, 370n, 383, 400, 410, 456-57, 463, 470
42nd Tactical Air Command Wing: 370
27th Fighter Group: 370n
79th Fighter Group: 370n
86th Fighter Squadron: 422
Air, German: 41, 67, 93, 319, 542. See also German commands and forces, Luftwaffe.
Airey, General T. S.: 514, 521
Ala: 504-05
Alban Hills: 14-15, 30, 109-10
Allied attack plans and operations: 97, 104-07, 114-15, 117-18, 139, 163, 165-66, 168-69, 171, 173, 177, 180-82, 186, 190-91, 193-95, 199, 202, 212, 219, 541
German defense of: 56, 140, 150, 156-57, 164-66, 185, 196, 200, 207-08
Albano: 115, 139, 143, 175, 177, 199, 202, 208, 219
Albegna River: 246
Alessandria: 506
Alexander, Field Marshal Sir Harold R. L. G.: 9, 9n, 20, 26, 77, 399, 406, 443, 446, 538, 541-42
destruction of German forces as campaign priority: 27, 37, 103-07, 112, 119, 163, 171-73, 192, 196, 209, 221, 255-58, 256n
DIADEM: 14, 19-20, 27, 29, 32-33, 35-38, 81-82, 89-91, 99, 103, 146, 190
need for ports and communication centers: 230, 241, 253, 270, 291
northern Italy encirclement strategy: 444-46, 448
“one-two punch” strategy: 27, 31, 103, 307, 309, 318, 446, 541
plans for capture of Bologna: 394, 398-400, 405-06, 412
pursuit and Gothic Line attack: 228, 236, 254, 280-83, 303-09, 312, 315, 318, 321, 342, 361-62, 373-74, 380, 392
southern France landing: 227-28, 269
surrender negotiations: 485, 514, 516-19, 521, 526, 528-29, 544
trans-Adriatic amphibious plans: 357-58, 360, 393, 398-99, 401
working relationship with Clark: 90, 107, 173, 541
Alfonsine: 465
Allen, Brig. Gen. Frank, Jr.: 121-22, 125-27, 142-43, 153
Allfrey, General Sir Charles: 340
Allied commands and forces
Allied Armies in Italy (AAI): 3, 9, 9n, 21, 26, 103, 205, 234, 237, 399, 406
Allied Black Market Control Division: 235
Allied Central Mediterranean Force: 9n
Allied Control Commission (ACC): 233-34, 392, 522
Allied Force Headquarters (AFHQ): 228, 234, 256, 269, 283, 305, 310, 399, 418
Allied Forces in Italy: 9n Allied Forces in North Africa: 9
15th Army Group: 9n, 399, 444-45, 447, 449, 529
18th Army Group: 9n Almond, Maj. Gen. Edward M.: 390-91, 397, 407-08, 410, 421-22, 424, 460-61
Alps: 6, 297, 310, 374, 438, 440, 443, 445-46, 460, 484, 504-05, 536-38
Amore: 474
Amphibious operations: 6, 95-96, 227, 257n, 544. See also ANVIL-DRAGOON.
Adriatic flank and mid-Danube plans: 304-05, 357-59, 393-94, 398, 401
capture of Elba: 247
Comacchio Lagoon: 448-52, 459, 465, 468
German precautions against: 18, 22, 40-41, 60, 79-80, 97, 108, 140-41, 151, 203, 241-42, 247, 251-51, 275, 293-94, 315, 440-41, 462, 466, 539
Anagni-Baliano road: 221
Ancona: 229, 236, 241, 253, 256, 261, 267, 269-70, 278-79, 291, 305, 394
Anders, Lt. Gen. Wladyslaw: 22, 28n, 44, 63, 78, 253, 278, 305, 451. See also Polish forces.
Aniene River: 199, 207-10, 212, 219-21, 232, 240, 267
Antolak, Sgt. Sylvester: 147n
ANVIL-DRAGOON: 5-6, 25n, 26, 227-28, 236, 255-56, 256n, 257-58, 258n, 269-70, 283, 286-87, 293-94, 303, 306, 308, 320, 357, 373, 444, 537, 539-41
Anzio-Aprilia-Albano road: 110, 120, 173, 175, 199, 202
Anzio beachhead. See also U.S. Army commands and forces, VI Corps.
air support for breakout: 36, 115-16, 118, 120, 132, 136
artillery support for breakout: 115, 120, 122-23, 132, 134, 136-37
breakout operations and German reaction: 136-41, 150-52
breakout planning: 19-22, 27, 37-38, 74, 90, 103-07, 117-19
initial landing: 3, 22, 97, 99, 104, 166, 203, 250, 535, 537
main Fifth Army link-up with breakout forces: 88-91, 98-99, 152, 156, 172, 244
mines: 110, 114, 118, 120-21, 121n, 123-31, 133-36, 176
situation before DIADEM: 4, 12, 18, 25, 30, 40, 84, 107-11, 230
Aosta Valley: 512
Aprilia (“the Factory”): 108, 139, 174
Aquino: 18, 78, 81-83, 89-90, 93
Arco: 512
Ardennes counteroffensive: 406-07, 410, 437, 536, 543
Arezzo: 230, 241, 267, 269-70, 279-81, 288, 291
Argenta: 451-52, 459, 465-69, 484, 494
antitank gun, 57-mm.: 293
in Anzio breakout: 110, 113-14, 118, 120-21, 123-31, 133-36, 176
“battle sled” concept: 130-31
Churchill (Crocodile) tanks: 338, 451, 464
employment in mountain terrain: 202, 260
German tank design superiority: 338
Sherman tanks: 338
Table of Organization and Equipment for U.S. divisions: 113, 285-86
tank-infantry team: 542
Allied advance to: 267, 271, 273, 275-76, 281-82, 284-85, 288-94, 537
Allied crossings: 280, 289, 309-10, 318-20
German defense: 231, 233, 242, 264, 270, 275, 282-83, 302, 308, 323
Arno-Savio valley: 300
Artena: 105, 112, 114, 117, 122, 168-72, 182, 185, 193-94
Artillery, Allied. See also Anzio beachhead.
airborne direction of fire: 542-43
DIADEM: 27, 29, 36, 43, 46n, 46-47, 59, 189
final offensive: 458, 463-64, 471, 478-79
Gothic Line attack: 314, 339-40, 365, 370, 383
proximity fuze: 543
self-propelled 105-mm. guns: 338
Artillery, German: 16-17, 29, 46, 59, 97, 111-12, 471
Arzilla River: 315
Aurunci Mountains: 18-19, 30, 32-34, 38, 59, 73-74, 76, 79, 83-85, 543
Ausonia corridor: 27, 30, 34-35, 46-50, 54, 56-57, 62, 65-66, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 85
Austria: 256, 359, 393, 441, 444, 483-84, 525, 540
AVALANCHE: 539
–B–
Badoglio, Marshal Pietro: 233-34
Baldegg, Bernhard Mayr von: 514
Balkans: 5, 7, 9, 257-58, 302, 357-58, 400, 538-40
Banks, Brig. Gen. Carl C.: 25n
Barfoot, T. Sgt. Van T.: 137n
Barlow, Col. Raymond C.: 472
Bazzano: 455
Bebbio: 409-10
Beelitz, Col. Dietrich: 310
Belluno: 512
Belmonte: 17
Bencivengo, General Roberto: 234
Benevento: 13
Bengodi: 246
Berchtesgaden: 484
Bergamo: 502
Berlin: 484, 517, 521, 526, 544
Bernhard Line: 203
Beuchler, Brigadier Georges: 227n
Bidente River: 376
BIG GAME: 454
Bigallo: 367-69
Blaskowitz, Generaloberst Johannes: 303
final offensive: 440-56, 461, 471, 477-79, 482-84, 493-95
initial attack towards: 315, 320, 322, 373-75, 378, 382, 389, 391, 405-06, 410-13, 420-27
plans for capture of: 256, 304, 308, 320, 339, 343-44, 352, 354, 359-61, 363-64, 394, 397, 400
Bolté, Maj. Gen. Charles: 281, 379, 381
Bolzano: 443, 511, 520, 523-26, 531-32
Bombiano-Marano sector: 405
Bomporto: 492-93
Bonomi, Ivanoe: 234
Bonomi, General Ruggero: 520
Borgo Grappo: 99
Borgo Podgora: 129
Boschetta di Mosca: 129
Bove Canal: 123-24
Bradley, General Omar: 398
Brady, Col. Brookner W.: 54
Brann, Brig. Gen. Donald W.: 10, 32-33, 35, 165, 306
Braun, Col. Gustav: 381
Brazilian Expeditionary Force: 287, 405-06, 408, 412, 418, 428, 458, 499, 503
attack to the Po Valley: 431-34, 455, 476-77, 493
1st Infantry Regiment: 397, 431
11th Infantry Regiment: 397
Bregenz: 443
Brenner-Genoa railroad: 284
Brenner Pass: 420, 444, 499, 502, 504, 512, 516, 531-32, 544
Brenta River: 443, 505-06, 525, 531
British Army commands and forces
Eighth Army: 3, 9, 373n, 399, 542. See also Leese, Lt. Gen. Sir Oliver; McCreery, Lt. Gen. Sir R. L.
amphibious operations on Adriatic front: 393-94, 459, 543
casualties: 222-23, 294, 318, 372-73
DIADEM: 19-20, 22, 26-29, 32-38, 42, 45, 56, 62-64, 77, 104-06
drive to Rome: 119, 191-92, 198-99, 209-10, 220-21
Gothic Line attack on Adriatic flank: 280, 298, 303-10, 314-18, 321, 336-40, 342-44, 349, 351, 353, 357
Hitler Line and Liri valley: 16, 78, 82, 89-93, 98-99, 118-19, 156, 171, 182-83, 222, 541-42
Po to the Alps: 424, 441-42, 444-46, 448, 450-54, 456-58, 462-66, 469-70, 482, 484, 494-95, 497, 503-04, 507, 512, 516
Po Valley plans and winter operations: 361, 373n, 374, 376-78, 380, 389-90, 393-97, 399, 401-06
pursuit north of Rome: 228-31, 236, 240-43, 249-50, 252, 261, 267, 270, 278-79, 284-85, 288-89
winter stalemate along the Senio: 410-12, 414, 416-210
Royal Engineers: 286
5 Corps
DIADEM: 20, 22, 26, 221, 223, 229, 241, 253, 288
final offensive: 405-53, 457, 463-65, 467, 469, 482, 494, 497-98, 503, 511
Gothic Line and Adriatic flank: 306, 308-09, 312-14, 316-17, 339-40, 376-78, 394-97, 401-05, 419
10 Corps: 4, 17, 32n, 45, 373n
Arno and Gothic Line: 288, 307-09, 313, 346, 371, 376, 394
final offensive: 441, 451-53, 482, 497-98
pursuit north of Rome: 240-41, 249-50, 252, 267-70, 279
13 Corps
DIADEM: 22, 28-29, 43-44, 60, 63, 77, 90, 92, 183, 192, 209, 221
final offensive: 441, 451-53, 467, 469, 494, 497-98, 503, 511
Gothic Line and Po Valley: 307, 309-10, 312, 318-21, 323-24, 335, 341, 345, 349, 352, 354, 361-63, 371, 378-79, 383, 389-90, 396-98, 400, 405-06, 408, 412, 418
pursuit north of Rome: 240-41, 249-50, 252, 267-70, 279-81, 288-89, 291-92
1st Armoured Division: 316-17, 339, 362, 376, 378, 418
6th Armoured Division: 44
Gothic Line and final offensive: 310, 349, 352, 371, 405, 418, 482, 494, 497, 512
Hitler Line: 90, 92, 182, 209, 221-22
pursuit north of Rome: 240-41, 249, 252, 268-69, 279-80, 288-89
1st Division
advance to Rome and pursuit beyond: 208, 220, 237
Anzio beachhead breakout: 25, 111, 115, 120, 150, 173, 180, 201
Gothic Line and Adriatic flank: 310, 323, 345, 348-49, 351-52, 371, 405, 418
4th Division
Adriatic flank: 268, 279, 288-89, 338-40, 377-78, 394-96
Rapido River crossing: 44, 63-64, 77
5th Division: 25, 110-11, 115, 120, 150, 173, 180, 201, 208, 220, 237
46th Division: 316-17, 376-78, 394-96, 402-03
56th Division: 110, 317, 362, 376, 378, 395-96, 404, 450-51
Adriatic flank final offensive: 465, 469, 504, 511
amphibious operations: 452, 459, 466, 468
78th Division
advance to Highway 6: 44, 63-64, 77, 82, 88-90, 92, 182-83
final offensive: 418, 450, 452, 465-69
pursuit north of Rome: 268, 362-63, 367, 371, 390
7th Armoured Brigade: 451
9th Armoured Brigade: 450
26th Armoured Brigade: 279-80, 288-89
1st Army Artillery Group: 288-89
2nd Commando Brigade: 450, 459, 466-68
24th Field Regiment: 170
111th Field Regiment: 416
1st Guards Brigade: 209, 352-53, 371
18th Guards Brigade: 110
24th Guards Brigade: 110, 450, 466
61st Guards Brigade: 209
54th Gun Regiment: 398
61st Heavy Regiment: 416
3rd Infantry Brigade: 377
12th Lancers Regiment: 395-96
27th Lancers Regiment: 377
39th Light AA Regiment: 417
10th Rifle Brigade: 209
11/54 Super Heavy Regiment: 416
21st Tank Brigade: 450
25th Tank Brigade: 288-89, 338-39
Task Force Porter: 377-78, 395, 410
British Chiefs of Staff: 4, 8, 11, 204
British Military Mission in Washington: 399
Britten, Col. George V.: 227n
Broedlow, Col. Rudolph W.: 239, 244
Brooke, General Sir Alan: 5, 357
Brosset, Maj. Gen. Diego: 248-49
Brown, Maj. Harold MacV.: 68-69
Budrio: 314, 388, 400, 448, 452, 465, 482
BUFFALO: 105-06, 112, 117-19, 142, 156-57, 163-65, 167, 169, 173, 191, 541-42
Burns, Lt. Gen. E. L. M.: 22, 182, 339-40
–C–
Caesar Line
Allied attack and breakthrough: 175, 181, 192, 199-200, 202, 219, 260, 300-301
German defense of: 99, 140, 150-58, 167, 177-80, 184, 191, 196, 232
Cairn, Lt. Col. Bogardus S.: 152, 215-16
Campagna Riegel: 156
Campo Iemini: 156
Campoleone: 105, 166, 180, 182, 190, 199-200
Campoleone Canal: 181
Campoleone station: 137, 173-77
Camposanto: 482
Canadian Army forces: 26, 222, 411, 450
1st Canadian Corps
attack to Rome: 22, 29, 77, 90-92, 99, 171, 182, 192, 209, 221
Gothic Line attack on Adriatic front: 306, 308-09, 312-14, 316-17, 339-41, 376-77, 394, 399, 401-02, 404
1st Canadian Division: 79-80, 82, 90, 92, 182, 209, 402
5th Canadian Armoured Division: 92, 182, 339, 401-02, 411, 419
1st Canadian Armoured Brigade: 44, 289, 310
3rd Canadian Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment: 377
Irish Regiment of Canada: 340
Canadian-U.S. force. See U.S.-Canadian 1st Special Service Force.
Canale Navigable: 281
Canino: 244
Cannon, Maj. Gen. John K.: 11, 36, 398, 400
Capalbio: 246
Capanne: 286
Caramo: 110, 114, 137, 149-50, 174
Carleton, Brig. Gen. Don E.: 185-86, 200, 202, 219
Carlstone, Capt. Robert K.: 51
Carpena: 395
Carpentier, General Marcel: 33
Carpineto Romano-Colle Ferry road: 172
Carr, Lt. Col. Frank F.: 143-44, 140
Carrione Creek: 461
Carroceto: 105
Casa del Monte: 366-67
Casaglia Pass: 341
Casale Carano: 110
Casale Hill: 55
Casalecchio: 482
Caserta: 36, 66, 117, 119, 256, 310, 516, 519-21, 525-27, 529
Casey, T. Sgt. Robert A.: 50
Casole d’Elsa: 265
Cassino: 4, 16n, 17-18, 21, 28-29, 31-33, 43, 63-64, 77, 110, 231, 341, 346n, 373, 535
Castel Bolognese: 349, 371, 401
Castel del Rio: 345, 347-50, 353, 385, 405, 418
Castel San Pietro: 378, 388, 418, 452, 469
Castelforte: 16, 23, 27, 30, 34, 47, 71
Castellana: 280
Castellina Marittimo: 274
Castello di Brolio: 279
Castellonorato: 69, 73-76, 78, 83, 85
Castiglione Fibocchi: 289
Castiglione Fiorentino: 269
Casualties, summary of: 222-23, 294, 318, 419, 544-45, 545n
Cattolica: 302
Cave d’Argilla: 74-75
Ceccano: 31
Central Apennines: 3, 13-14, 209, 231, 267-68, 297-98
Ceprano: 28, 35, 89, 92-93, 171, 182, 229, 542
Cesena: 299, 345, 361, 376-77, 402
Champeny, Col. Arthur S.: 47-49, 52-53, 67-69, 83-84, 345, 350, 385-87
Chianni: 275
Chianti Hills: 288-90
Chiasso: 515-20
Chienti River: 253
Chiesa del Bante: 466
Chieti: 243
Church, Col. John H.: 137
Churchill, Winston S.: 5, 9, 77
and Adriatic amphibious assault: 357-60
appeal for more U.S. troops: 359, 373
and Mediterranean strategy: 11, 27, 103, 119, 172, 209, 221, 228, 258, 305, 444, 537
Cinquale Canal: 422-24, 460-61
Cisterna: 4, 30, 105, 108-10, 114, 117, 120-22, 128-57, 164, 166, 173, 176, 178, 184, 189, 230, 441
Cisterna-Campoleone-Rome railroad: 110, 116-17, 120-22, 124-27, 132-33, 135-39, 142, 144-47, 149, 173-77
Cisterna Canal: 128-30, 135, 146
Civita Castellana: 237, 240-41
Civitavecchia: 19, 22, 38, 62, 229, 236-38, 241, 244, 260, 285
Clark, Lt. Gen. Mark W.: 9-10, 23, 28, 31, 104, 157, 512, 543.
See also Allied commands and forces, 15th Army Group; U.S. Army commands and forces, Fifth Army.
Anzio beachhead breakout: 65-66, 73-74, 76, 83, 88-91, 93, 103-07, 112, 117-211, 196, 199
attack towards Rome: 122, 139, 141, 163-67, 169, 171-73, 181-82, 184, 188, 190-93, 200-202, 208, 449
as commander of 15th Army Group: 399, 406, 444-65
evaluation of command: 538, 540-42
Fifth Army capture of Rome: 32, 38, 103-07, 119, 164-65, 182, 205, 208, 210, 215, 227, 227n, 228, 235, 541-42
Gothic Line and Po Valley advance: 306-10, 318-21, 337, 343-44, 349, 351-52, 354, 362, 364, 369, 371, 373, 375-76, 379-80, 383-85, 388-89, 412, 447, 449
Po Valley to the Alps: 394, 397-98, 400-401, 405, 447, 449-51, 453-54, 457, 462-63, 500, 511
pursuit north of Rome: 227, 231, 236-40, 248-49, 273, 280, 282, 285-87
southern France landing: 281, 540-41
surrender operations: 523n, 529-30
working relationship with Alexander: 90, 107, 173, 541
COBRA: 398n
Coccolia: 395
Colle Maraccio: 134
Colle Monaco: 133-34
Colle d’Onufrio: 78
Colle Sant’Angelo Ridge: 77-78
Colle di Teto: 34
Colle di Torrechia: 143-44, 146-47, 151, 153
Colle di Val d’Elsa: 266-67
Collecchio: 246
Colleferro: 171, 182, 191, 195
Colletore delle Acqua Medic: 109
Collina: 394
Colonna: 206-07
Comacchio Lagoon: 403-04, 442, 445, 448-49, 450-52, 459, 466, 489
Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS): 4-5, 11, 228, 258, 357-60, 391-92, 398-99, 400-401, 485, 519, 535
Committee of National Liberation (CLN): 233-34
Conley, Capt. Edward J.: 334
Conselice: 466
Conventello: 419
Cook, Lt. Col. Robert L.: 511
Coreglia Antelminelli: 410
Coreno: 34
Cori: 105, 109, 112, 114, 116-17, 128, 135, 142-43, 146-47, 149, 152-55, 157, 165, 168
Cornia River: 260
Corsica: 5, 24, 57, 79, 247, 293, 540
Cortona: 270
Cotignola: 418
Coulter, Maj. Gen. John B.: 23, 65, 69, 74, 89, 95, 219, 240, 388
CRAFTSMAN: 455
CRAWDAD: 105-06
Crawford, Lt. Col. Joseph B.: 47, 66, 94, 345, 348, 350, 384-85, 388
Cremona: 506
Crittenberger, Lt. Gen. Willis D.: 25-26.
See also U.S. Army commands and forces, IV Corps.
attack towards the Po: 319-20, 409, 421-22, 424, 428, 432
capture of Leghorn: 271, 276, 278
final offensive: 470, 474, 479, 493, 499, 502
pursuit north of Rome: 244, 259-60
Croce: 339
Cross-Channel attack: 4-6, 11, 26, 39, 41, 99, 104, 119, 203, 221, 227, 235, 255, 257-58, 535-36, 538, 541-43
Cunningham, Admiral Sir John: 11
Cutigliano valley: 453
–D–
Daniel, Col. Maurice W.: 121-23, 125, 142-44, 152, 239
Danube basin: 5, 256-57, 258n, 305, 404, 536-39
Darby, Col. William O.: 500-502, 507, 510-11
De Gaulle, General Charles: 24, 265, 537-38
De Larminat, Lt. Gen. Edgard R. M.: 248
De Monsabert, Maj. Gen. de Goisland: 248
De Valera, Eamon: 204
Deception plans: 309, 335-36, 440, 450, 454, 542. See also HIPPO; NUNTON.
Deffenbaugh, Lt. Col. Lyle S.: 126
Dervishian, T. Sgt. Ernest H.: 124n
Devers, Lt. Gen. Jacob L.: 9, 228, 257, 305, 308, 310, 483, 507, 537, 540
DIADEM: 3, 21, 26, 29, 32, 36-38, 45, 63, 75, 77, 100, 103, 105, 221-23, 228, 543
Dill, Sir John: 399
Dobbiaco: 532
Dody, Maj. Gen. Andre W.: 57, 60, 249
Doenitz, Grand Admiral Karl: 484, 521, 526, 529, 544
Dollmann, SS Standartenführer Eugen: 514, 520-21, 525
Dora Line: 76, 233, 242, 245, 247
D’Orsa, Lt. Col. Charles S.: 244n
DRAGOON. See ANVIL-DRAGOON.
Due Torri: 207
Duff, Brig. Gen. Robinson E.: 492-93, 500
DUKW’s: 95-96, 497, 507-08, 510
Dulaney, Col. Robert L.: 137
Dulles, Allen: 485, 514, 514n, 516-21, 523
Dutko, Pfc. John W.: 137n
Duvall, Lt. Col. Everett W.: 154
–E–
Eagles, Maj. Gen. William W.: 114, 137, 175, 199-201
Eaker, Lt. Gen. Ira C.: 11, 258
Eddy, 1st Sgt. Paul N.: 50
Eisenhower, General Dwight D.: 4, 8-10, 257-58, 358, 360, 398, 483-84, 538, 544
Elliott, Capt. John: 127
ENCORE: 425
Enigma Code: 20, 27, 42n, 79n, 99n, 210, 236, 320, 440, 443, 542
Ernici Mountains: 156
Ernser, 1st Lt. John: 383-84
Esino River: 278
Esperia: 27, 30, 34, 56, 62, 85
–F–
Faenza: 297, 341, 349, 352, 371, 378, 395-97, 400-404, 410, 452, 463
“False front” tactic: 107-08, 115, 462-63
Fantails. See LVT’s.
Farneto: 384
Fasano: 516
Fauglia: 276
Femminamorta Canal: 125, 135-36, 145
Ferrara: 284, 308, 400, 448, 452, 482, 489, 494-95
Feuerstein, General der Gebirgstruppen Valentin: 18, 64, 249-50
Fidenza: 506
Finale: 494
Firenzuola: 300, 318, 320, 337, 343, 345, 347, 418
Flensburg: 484
Florence: 236, 241, 259, 268, 270, 279-82, 284-85, 288-94, 300, 302, 304, 307, 309, 312, 315, 318, 340, 414-15, 463, 529
Foglio River: 300-301, 304-06, 315, 317-18
Fondi: 30, 83, 86, 88-89, 91, 93-95, 97
Fontanelice: 405
Fontanile Montefiascone: 243
Forli: 299, 341, 376, 378, 394-96, 401, 463
Formia: 30, 32-34, 36, 46, 76, 83-86, 89
Formica Creek: 338
Formlimpopoli: 402
Fosdinovo: 483
Fowler, Col. David M.: 472-73
Fowler, 2nd Lt. Thomas W.: 127n
Fraile basin: 30
Franarola: 418
Frascati: 56, 84, 115, 194, 206-08, 218
Frederick, Brig. Gen. Robert T.: 114, 117, 137-38, 211-12, 215, 218
French commands and forces: 24n, 34, 79, 222
Expeditionary Corps: 17, 24, 281, 305n. See also Juin, General Alphonse.
DIADEM: 28, 32-35, 37-38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 56-64, 66, 69, 71, 76-78
Hitler Line penetration: 82-83, 85-86, 89-93, 95, 98-99, 542-43
Lepini Mountains to Rome: 171-72, 181-82, 190, 193-95, 212, 220-21, 234n
pursuit north of Rome: 240, 244, 248-49, 265-67, 273
and southern France invasion: 228, 236-37, 256, 266, 281, 287, 289
3rd Algerian Infantry Division: 24, 91, 195, 221, 240, 248, 265, 281
27th Alpine Division: 507
9th Colonial Division: 247
2nd Moroccan Infantry Division: 24, 57, 59-62, 182, 249, 265-66, 299
4th Moroccan Mountain Division: 24, 33-34, 57, 172, 182, 266, 281
1st Motorized (March) Division: 24, 221, 240, 248-49, 507
French government: 538
Frieda Line: 233, 242, 247, 249, 252-53, 256, 268, 270, 279
Frigido River: 461
Frosinone: 35, 40, 98, 171, 182-83, 192
Fry, Col. James C.: 47-48, 72, 95, 345-46, 348, 350-52, 385
Führer Riegel. See Hitler Line.
Fulton, Capt. William B.: 335
Furr, Maj. Charles P.: 53
Futa Pass: 300, 318, 320-25, 336-37, 343-45, 364, 442
–G–
Gaevernitz, Gero von: 514, 516, 519, 521, 523-24
Gaiano Canal: 469
Galeata: 376
Galla Placidia line: 301
Galt, Capt. William Wylie: 180n
Gardella Hill: 196
Gargnano: 510
Garigliano River: 14, 16, 27, 230
British bridgehead beyond: 4-5, 17, 40, 45, 287
DIADEM: 3, 22-24, 30, 34, 37, 43, 46, 60, 99, 145, 191, 294
Genazzano: 207
Genghis Khan line: 403, 442, 466-67, 469, 483
Genoa: 220, 283-84, 293-94, 297, 299, 303, 420, 454, 499, 503, 507
Genzano: 202
German commands and forces
Luftflotte II: 12
Luftwaffe: 12, 12n, 39-41, 99, 116, 391, 456
Naval Command, Italy: 12
OB Südwest: 11, 12n, 39, 79, 514, 519, 528
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW): 8, 12, 12n, 514
capitulation operations: 516
control of reserve forces: 40n, 80, 111, 151, 403
headquarters dispersed: 484-85
messages deciphered by British: 20, 210, 221, 236
and Rome as an open city: 203-06, 210
withdrawal operations: 99, 156, 177, 206, 241-42, 270, 438-39
Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH): 8, 12, 12n, 20
Reichssicherheithauptamt (RSHA): 513, 525
Wehrmachtführungstab (WFSt): 7-8, 12, 12n, 360
Army Group B: 299
Army Group C: 56, 103, 223. See also Kesselring, Generalfeldmarschall Albert; Vietinghoff, Generaloberst Heinrich Gottfried von.
command of: 12, 18, 387, 419-20, 437
defense south of Rome: 37, 39, 80, 84, 86, 156-57, 177, 197
final defense and capitulation: 462, 466, 468, 485, 504-05, 515-17, 519-21, 523, 525-27, 529
Gothic Line and Po Valley: 302-03, 315, 322, 346, 382, 403, 420, 437-41
messages deciphered by British: 20, 79n, 210
Rome evacuation and withdrawal: 206, 210, 228, 230, 232-33, 241-42, 262
Army Group E: 357, 359, 441, 505, 516, 521, 543
Army Group G: 303, 505, 521, 525, 532, 544
Army Group Center: 543-44
Army Group South: 543
Army Group von Zangen: 12, 19, 38n, 39, 223, 293n, 303
Tenth Army: 29, 39, 39n, 56. See also Lemelsen, General der Panzertruppen Joachim; Vietinghoff, Generaloberst Heinrich Gottfried von.
Allied plans to trap south of Rome: 19, 27, 37-38, 42, 104-06, 112, 119, 163
command of: 12, 18, 208, 232, 387, 419n
defense on the southern front: 75, 77, 79-80, 84, 86, 95, 98-99, 104, 139-40, 151-52
final defense and capitulation: 462, 467, 469, 484, 504, 512
Gothic Line and Po Valley: 301-04, 308, 310, 315-16, 320-22, 339, 341, 344-47, 353, 361, 366, 374-75, 382, 387, 390, 395, 403, 420, 441, 445
withdrawal from southern front: 157, 159, 166-67, 172, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198-200, 207-08, 210, 221, 223, 223n, 229, 231, 236, 241, 249-50, 262
Fourteenth Army. See also Lemelsen, General Panzertruppen, Joachim; Mackensen, Generaloberst Eberhard von.
Anzio breakout: 19, 98, 103-04, 107-08, 139-40, 150-151, 167, 169, 177-78
Arno valley and Gothic Line: 302, 320-22, 344, 347, 349, 353, 361, 366, 375, 382, 408, 410, 420, 439, 442
Caesar line: 156-58, 189-90, 194-96, 200-201
command of: 12, 231, 374, 387, 408, 419n
defense north of Rome: 231, 261-62, 265, 274-75, 292-93
DIADEM defense strength: 18, 39, 39n, 86, 111
final defense and capitulation: 471, 476, 484, 493, 504, 507, 512, 527
withdrawal from Rome: 204, 206-08, 221, 223, 223n, 229, 231-32, 236, 239, 241-42, 249-50
Nineteenth Army: 544
Army Ost-Preussen: 543
LXXIII Corps: 420
LXXV Corps: 303
LXXVII Corps: 12
LI Mountain Corps: 18, 56, 64, 99, 232, 249-50. See also Feuerstein, General der Gebirgstruppen Valentin.
Arno and Gothic Line: 302, 315, 321, 325, 346, 387n, 408, 420, 442
final defense: 471, 493, 495, 499, 527
XIV Panzer Corps: 18, 18n, 42, 60. See also Senger und Etterlin, Generalleutnant Fridolin von.
defense north of Rome: 232, 249-50, 261-62, 264, 274-75
final defense: 471, 474, 484, 492, 504-05, 507, 526-27, 529
Gothic Line and Po Valley: 302, 322, 346, 354, 369, 382, 387, 390, 408, 413, 420, 442
Gustav and Hitler Lines: 40, 56, 59, 62, 64, 69-70, 73, 75, 84, 86, 103
Liri valley withdrawal: 99, 157-58, 181, 190, 194-96, 198, 209-10
LXXVI Panzer Corps: 18, 111, 138, 419n. See also Herr, Generalleutnant der Panzertruppen Traugott; Schwerin, General der Panzertruppen Gerhard Graf von.
Anzio breakout: 127, 138-40, 151
Arno and Gothic Line: 302, 314-16, 366, 377, 403, 405, 420, 441
Caesar Line: 157, 184-85, 189-90, 194-95, 201, 208, 232, 250, 279
final defense: 463, 467-68, 484, 494-95, 498, 503-04, 527
I Parachute Corps. See also Schlemm, General der Flieger Alfred.
Anzio breakout: 18, 111, 127, 137, 139-41, 144, 150-51
Arno valley and Gothic Line: 289, 292, 302, 321, 325, 337, 346, 349, 354, 364, 366, 382, 384, 387-88, 420, 441
Caesar Line: 158, 163-67, 177-80, 184-85, 189, 196, 200-201, 207-08, 232, 262, 265, 268, 275
final defense: 463, 465-67, 484, 494-95, 503, 527
Group Goerlitz: 232
Group Witthoeft: 302
Hermann Goering Division: 39, 39n, 40-41, 111, 151-52, 157-58
Caesar Line: 164-65, 168-70, 172-73, 184-85, 188, 193-94, 207, 232
defense north of Rome: 250, 268, 279, 289
44th Division: 232
65th Division: 111, 150, 166, 177, 232, 302, 365-66, 369-70, 382, 413, 442, 478
71st Division: 18, 46-47, 59-62, 64-65, 69-70, 76, 86, 89, 157, 278, 302, 316
92nd Division: 139, 152-54, 158, 177, 201, 232, 255
Arno and Po Valley: 302, 366, 371, 375, 382
final defense: 442, 471-74, 478, 492
Gustav line: 46-48, 55, 60, 64-65, 69-73, 75-76, 84, 94
98th Division: 302, 316, 353, 365, 403, 441, 463-64, 467
148th Division: 303, 406, 408, 422, 499
232nd Division: 428, 431-33, 442, 506
275th Division: 306
278th Division: 19, 232, 278, 302, 313, 418, 420, 441, 467, 469, 494
305th Division: 18, 80, 209, 232, 302, 379, 478
334th Division: 18
Caesar Line: 80, 166-67, 177, 194, 207, 252
Po Valley: 354, 379, 382, 442, 471, 473
Trasimeno Line and Army defense: 268, 279, 289, 302, 346
356th Division: 19, 157, 232, 252, 265, 289, 302, 317, 321, 419
362nd Division
Anzio breakout: 111, 127-28, 139-40, 143-44, 150-51, 153, 157-58, 164, 166
Arno and Po Valley: 302, 346-47, 354, 364-66, 370, 413, 441
Caesar line: 179, 184, 200-201, 208, 232
final defense: 464-65, 467-68, 494
710th Division: 420
715th Division
Anzio breakout: 111, 128, 138-39, 150-54, 157-58
Arno and Gothic Line: 289, 302, 321-22, 325, 346, 347n, 379
Caesar Line and Rome defense: 166, 171, 184-85, 194, 207, 232
42nd Jäger Division: 157n, 293n, 303, 441, 465-618
114th Jäger Division: 18, 232, 302
144th Jäger Division: 18
714th Jäger Division: 418, 430, 433, 442
19th Luftwaffe Field Division: 249, 260, 262, 273-74
20th Luftwaffe Field Division: 232, 239, 249, 262, 265, 274, 302
5th Mountain Division: 18, 232, 302-03, 406-07
8th Mountain Division: 442, 478
157th Mountain Division: 303, 406
188th Mountain Division: 19
15th Panzer Division: 18n
16th Panzer Division: 94
26th Panzer Division: 19, 40, 80, 111, 151, 536
Arno and Gothic Line: 302, 315-18, 321, 406, 441, 452
final defense: 463-65, 467, 495, 498
Rome defense and withdrawal: 207, 209, 232, 249, 262, 265, 274
3rd Panzer Grenadier Division: 19, 80, 111, 137, 150, 166, 179, 199, 232, 239, 315
15th Panzer Grenadier Division: 18, 18n, 91, 208, 279, 289, 302
29th Panzer Grenadier Division: 19, 40, 80, 86, 89, 94, 97, 151
Arno and Po Valley: 264-65, 302, 316-18, 321, 340, 375, 380-82, 433, 438, 440
final defense: 462, 466-68, 495, 498
Rome withdrawal defense: 111, 190, 232, 249
90th Panzer Grenadier Division: 19, 40, 62, 80, 232
Alban Hills: 196-97, 200, 207, 249, 263, 265
Arno and Gothic Line: 275, 303, 375, 380, 382, 386-87, 403, 442
final defense: 462, 471, 476, 481, 483
Hitler and Caesar Lines: 64, 78, 82, 91-92, 167
1st Parachute Division
Arno and Po Valley: 289, 302, 306, 316-17, 341, 405, 413, 441, 478, 494
defense north of Rome: 232, 252, 268, 279
Monte Cassino withdrawal: 18, 68, 77-78, 82, 92, 200
4th Parachute Division: 111, 150, 166, 207, 232, 265
Arno and Po Valley: 289, 302, 321-22, 325, 337, 346, 354, 364-65, 370, 441, 452
final defense: 465, 467, 469, 494, 501
44th Reichsgrenadier Division: 18, 18n, 64, 82, 232, 302, 346n, 346-47, 351, 353
188th Reserve Division: 302
42nd Rifle Division: 413
16th SS Panzer Grenadier Division: 80, 157n, 247-48, 262, 302, 321-22, 371, 375, 381-82, 406, 420
162nd Turkomen Division: 19, 232, 246, 262, 302, 316, 442, 459
51st Artillery Regiment: 408
362nd Artillery Regiment: 143
1048th Artillery Regiment: 408
29th Field Replacement Battalion: 207
232nd Fusilier Battalion: 429
Grenadier Lehr Brigade: 325, 336
8th Grenadier Regiment: 80
191st Grenadier Regiment: 59
1027th Grenadier Regiment: 80
117th Infantry Regiment: 365
285th Infantry Regiment: 408-09
286th Infantry Regiment: 408-09, 422
954th Infantry Regiment: 128, 143
955th Infantry Regiment: 128, 147, 155
956th Infantry Regiment: 128
1043rd Infantry Regiment: 431
1044th Infantry Regiment: 429
1099th Infantry Regiment: 201
Mittenwald Mountain Warfare School Battalion: 303, 408-09
4th Mountain Battalion: 303, 408-119
508th Panzer Battalion: 138, 158
1st Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 193
2nd Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 193
15th Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 433
29th Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 137
200th Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 62, 476
361st Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 64, 476, 483
11th Parachute Regiment: 177, 207
12th Parachute Regiment: 140, 201, 325-26
Rome Police Battalion: 201
190th Reconnaissance Battalion: 476
Gesso Ridge: 366
Giulianello: 112, 122, 142, 152-53, 158, 168, 195
Godo: 401-02
Gorgognano: 478
Gotenstellung. See Gothic Line. Gothic Line: 231, 242n
Allied attack plans: 236, 241, 256, 258, 268, 280, 284, 298, 304-05, 307-08, 310
breakthrough: 286, 316, 320-22, 330, 335, 337-40, 353-54, 361, 364, 370, 373, 406, 447, 499, 537
German plans and fortifications: 231-32, 242, 270, 280, 284, 291, 299-302, 311, 314-16, 318, 322, 325-26, 366, 390, 421, 442, 460
Goums. See Tabors. Gran Sasso d’Italia: 13, 22, 233, 243
GRASSHOPPER: 105
Graziani, Marshal Rudolfo: 293, 303, 420, 442-43, 506, 512, 519
Greece: 357, 360-61, 378, 394-95, 400, 403, 411, 444, 446, 540
Greek 3rd Mountain Brigade: 338-39, 340n, 342, 361
Greiner, Generalleutnant Heinz: 151, 157, 200
Grosseto: 233, 244-48, 250-52, 254, 256, 259-60, 470
Gruenther, Maj. Gen. Alfred M.: 9, 99, 173, 210, 227n, 306, 463, 529
Guastalla: 494
Guillaume, Brig. Gen. Augustine: 24n, 57
Gustav line
assault on and breakthrough: 28, 37, 44, 59, 61-65, 69, 73-78, 81-82, 99, 222
terrain and fortifications: 16-19, 29, 69, 156, 164, 228, 230-31, 278, 294
–H–
Hall, S. Sgt. George J.: 124n
Harding, Sir John: 163
Harmon, Maj. Gen. Ernest N.: 112-14, 121, 125-27, 143, 152, 166, 175, 180-81, 202, 219-20, 239, 260-61, 265, 285
Harmon, Sgt. Roy W.: 275n
Hartmann, General der Artillerie Walter: 60, 64-65, 69, 75-76
Hauck, Generalleutnant Friedrich Wilhelm: 18
Hauser, Generalmajor Wolf-Ruediger: 108
Hawkesworth, Lt. Gen. J. L. T.: 498n
Hays, Maj. Gen. George P.: 415, 425, 428, 432-33, 474, 492-93, 499-500, 507-08, 510, 529, 532
Heidrich, Generalmajor Richard: 306
Heinrich Mountain Line: 293
Herr, Generalleutnant der Panzertruppen Traugott: 138, 419n, 441. See also German commands and forces, Tenth Army: LXXVI Panzer Corps.
Anzio breakout and Caesar Line: 138-40, 157-58, 184-85, 189, 208
Rome to the Alps: 232, 250, 314, 316, 340, 342, 462-63, 466-67, 469, 526-27
Hewitt, Admiral H. Kent: 11
Higdon, Sgt. Joseph D., Jr.: 331
Highway 1: 230, 233, 237-38, 240, 244-46, 248, 259-60, 271, 461, 483
Highway 2: 237, 239-40, 248, 259, 262, 265, 289-90
advance to Rome: 206-09, 211-12, 214, 216
attack plans: 27-29, 35, 37-38, 104-07, 112, 114, 116-18, 122, 128, 163, 191
Eighth Army attack on: 44, 77, 82, 92, 172, 182-83, 192
Fifth Army attack on: 89, 93, 98, 142, 156-58, 165-73, 184, 190, 194-99
Highway 7: 30, 75, 100, 109-10, 219, 229
attack on: 86-87, 91, 95, 97, 129-32, 138-40, 142-48, 188-91, 200-202
attack plans: 33-35, 74, 83, 104, 106-07, 112, 114, 116, 186, 190
Highway 9: 299, 308, 322, 411, 426
final offensive: 448, 450-52, 464, 467-69, 475, 482, 499, 503
initial attack on: 344, 351, 361, 376-79, 382, 389, 395-96, 400-401, 403-06, 412
Highway 12: 300, 382, 446, 489, 492, 503-04, 507, 532
Highway 14: 446
Highway 16: 278, 308, 377, 394, 401-02, 404, 446, 450, 464-65, 468, 482
Highway 46: 507
Highway 53: 506
Highway 62: 483, 489, 492, 499
Highway 63: 499
Highway 64: 300, 371, 426-27, 432-34, 446, 454-55, 477, 479
attack on: 362-63, 365-67, 370, 381-83, 385, 390-400, 433, 479, 482
plans for attack on: 318, 320-21, 324-25, 343-44, 352-54, 405, 448-49, 454-55, 477-78
Highway 69: 288
Highway 70: 288
Highway 71: 241, 249, 252, 268-69, 279, 288
Highway 439: 261
Highway 934: 371
Highway 6521: 371
Hill 77: 135-36
Hill 79: 76
Hill 81: 136
Hill 105: 55
Hill 108: 74-76
Hill 128: 66
Hill 203: 179-81
Hill 209: 179-81
Hill 216: 179
Hill 401: 380
Hill 459: 385
Hill 581: 384
Hill 592: 368-70
Hill 860: 472
Hill 903: 473-74
Himmler, Heinrich: 514-17
Hitler: 12n
and “false front” tactic at Anzio: 107-08, 115, 462
final days: 443, 484-85, 517, 526
forbids destruction of Tiber bridges: 203, 210
and Gothic Line construction and defense: 300, 320, 374
and Italian campaign strategy: 6-8, 39, 80, 99, 156-57, 203, 242, 403, 410, 438-39, 462, 469, 485, 536, 539
and senior commanders: 42, 190, 437, 439, 498, 515, 521
Hitler Line
Eighth Army attack: 44, 77-78, 85, 92, 98
Fifth Army attack: 86, 91-93, 95, 99
fortifications of: 17-19, 59, 81-83, 96, 339
German withdrawal to: 64, 71, 88-89
plans for attack on: 28-29, 34-35, 56, 82, 89-91
Hofer, Franz: 517-18, 524-21, 525
Howze, Col. Hamilton: 152-53, 169-70, 194, 216. See also U.S. Army commands and forces, Task Force Howze.
Hughes, Col. Oliver W.: 54, 74-75, 97
Humberto, Crown Prince: 233-34
Hume, Brig. Gen. Edgar E.: 227n, 234
HUSKY: 539
–I–
Idice River: 363-67, 378-79, 381, 388, 442, 466, 478, 482
Il Giogo Pass: 300, 318, 320-29, 335-38, 341, 344, 346, 353
Imola: 300, 320, 343-46, 351-53, 385, 400, 405-06, 411-12, 418, 451, 466-67
Impruneta: 289
Inciso in Valdarno: 288
4th Indian Division: 269, 280, 288, 317, 376, 378, 394
8th Indian Division: 44, 63-64, 90, 182, 221, 241, 268, 288-90, 310, 349, 371, 405, 408-10, 412, 417-18, 418n, 450, 452, 464-65, 495, 503
10th Indian Division: 269, 280, 288, 376-78, 394-96, 404, 451, 467, 469, 482
17th Indian Brigade: 412, 418n
19th Indian Brigade: 409
Inman, Capt. Lloyd J.: 329-32
Isonzo River: 441, 443, 516, 521, 532
Istia d’Ombrone: 247
Italian forces (Allied): 26, 415
Corps of Liberation: 253, 269, 278, 309
Cremona Battle Group: 419, 450, 452, 504
Folgore Battle Group: 451
Friuli Battle Group: 451
Gruppo Combattimento: 29
Legnano Combat Group: 415, 453, 456, 478-79, 482, 506
28th Garibaldi Brigade: 402, 450
Italian forces (German Army): 247n
Army Group Liguria: 420
Ligurian Army: 293, 293n, 303, 442-43, 506, 512
Corps Lombardia: 420
Italia Bersaglieri Division: 499
Monte Rosa Mountain Division: 303, 390, 406, 408
Italian government: 3, 233-34, 514, 519
Italian Riviera: 293
Itri: 18, 30-31, 33-36, 46, 73, 83-84, 86-89, 91, 93-94
Izenour, Lt. Col. Frank M.: 145
–J–
Jewish Hebron Brigade: 451
Jodl, Generaloberst Alfred: 468
Johnson, Maj. Gen. Harry H.: 227n
Johnson, Pfc. Oscar G.: 333-35
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS): 4, 6, 77, 255, 257, 357
Juin, General Alphonse: 24, 33-35, 56-57, 59-61, 83, 93, 171-72, 248, 266, 538. See also French commands and forces, Expeditionary Corps.
–K–
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst: 515, 517, 521, 525
Kangaroos: 451
Kearton, 1st Lt. John C.: 330
Keightley, Maj. Gen. C. F.: 396, 403-04, 450. See also British Army commands and forces, 5 Corps.
Keitel, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm: 12n
Kendall, Maj. Gen. Paul W.: 94, 345-46, 348, 367, 383-84, 387-89
Kendall, Lt. Col. Raymond E.: 48, 50-52, 52n
Kesselring, Generalfeldmarschall Albert: 6-7, 11-12, 12n, 40n, 387, 419, 437, 484, 514.
See also German commands and forces, OB Südwest: Army Group C.
Anzio breakout: 37, 139-40, 150-52, 157-58
assessment as a commander: 539-40, 542
Caesar Line: 140, 164, 166-67, 169, 177, 180, 185, 189-90, 196-201
concern about Allied airborne and amphibious operations: 60, 79-80, 107, 241, 251, 275, 293-94
final defense and capitulation: 443, 485, 505, 520-21, 525-26, 528-29
Gothic Line: 300-303, 307, 309, 311, 315-16, 319-22, 325, 337, 346, 341-42, 353-54, 357-61, 366, 382, 411
Gustav and Hitler Lines: 17, 19, 59-60, 62, 71, 77, 79, 84, 86, 89, 94, 97, 99, 104
problems with his commanders and with Hitler: 42, 42n, 94, 107-08, 139-41, 151-52, 169, 177, 185, 189-90, 525, 527
reaction to Allied deception plans: 18-19, 21, 40, 79-80, 139
winter stalemate operations: 420, 432-33, 438-39, 443
withdrawal through Rome to the Arno: 203, 205-08, 210, 228, 230-33, 236, 239, 241-42, 249, 255, 262, 268, 270, 283-84, 291-92
Kessler, Pfc. Patrick L.: 137n
Keyes, Maj. Gen. Geoffrey: 23, 32n, 33, 35, 71, 73-74, 76, 83, 88-89, 95.
See also U.S. Army commands and forces, II Corps.
attack in the Alban Hills to Rome: 65-66, 182, 185, 192-94, 215-16, 239
Gothic Line: 320-21, 323-25, 334, 344, 347-48, 352, 363-67, 370, 378-79, 381, 383, 385, 388-89, 477-79, 493
Kirkman, Lt. Gen. Sidney C.: 22, 44, 63, 241, 268, 280, 288-89, 309, 385. See also British Army commands and forces, 13 Corps.
Klagenfurt: 443
–L–
Ladino: 395
Laiatico: 275
Lake Garda: 443-44, 453, 499, 502, 504-05, 507, 511, 525, 529, 531
Lake Trasimeno: 231, 233, 241, 249, 252, 267-68, 270, 288, 450
Lama: 422
Lama di Sotto Ridge: 422
L’Americano: 120
Lamone River: 371, 396-97, 401-05, 411
Landeck: 443
Lanuvio: 110, 166, 173-75, 177, 179-82, 190, 199-200, 202, 208
La Poggiana: 290
Larkin, Maj. Gen. Thomas B.: 9
La Spezia: 294, 297, 303, 406, 421-22, 449, 461, 483
La Spezia-Bologna-Ravenna line: 359-60, 391, 400
L’Azuila: 233
Lecco: 506
Leese, Lt. Gen. Sir Oliver: 9, 28, 373n, 444, 447. See also British Army commands and forces, Eighth Army.
Arno and Gothic Line: 289, 303-08, 316-18, 321, 338-39
DIADEM: 63, 77, 82, 90, 92, 192
Lake Trasimeno Line: 252-53, 267-69, 279
Leghorn: 184, 261, 273, 281-82
capture of: 267, 269, 274-77, 286, 291
plans for attack on: 236, 256, 270-71
port facilities and operations: 276, 279, 285, 312, 372, 407, 412, 414, 417
Lemelsen, General der Panzertruppen Joachim: 190, 231, 251, 275, 292-94, 374, 382, 387, 419n. See also German commands and forces, Tenth Army; Fourteenth Army.
defense south of the Arno: 261, 264, 275
Gothic Line: 318-19, 322, 325, 336-37, 346, 353, 366, 369
Po Valley defense and capitulation: 456, 478, 493, 525-27
Lemnitzer, Brig. Gen. Lyman L.: 306, 515, 521, 523, 540
Lepini Mountains: 93, 105, 109-10, 112, 114, 138, 140, 151, 153-54, 156-57, 171-72, 181-82, 191
Lieb, Generalleutnant Theobald: 303
Lima Creek: 390
Linville, Lt. Col. Robert R.: 126-27, 142-43
Liri River: 14, 18-19, 27-28, 33, 44, 63, 92, 109, 294
Liri valley: 4, 32n, 64. See also Gustav Line; Hitler Line.
attack to open: 63, 70, 77-78, 80, 85, 89, 91-93, 98-99, 156, 192, 199, 222
German defense of: 40, 59, 62, 82, 94
and Rome: 14, 19-20, 22-23, 27-38, 40, 56, 104-05, 112
Livesay, Maj. Gen. William G.: 275, 323-24, 334, 365, 367-69
Ljubljana Gap: 257-58, 393, 441, 443, 537
Lloyd, Air Vice Marshal Sir Hugh P.: 11
Loehr, Generaloberst Alexander: 516, 521
ammunition supply: 389, 391, 397, 412, 416-17
Anzio beachhead supply build-up: 116-17
final offensive supply build-up: 414-15, 456-57
gasoline and oil supply: 116n, 229-30, 402, 244-45, 312, 364
port operations: 229-30, 245, 260-61, 267, 276-79, 285, 312, 543
Logistics, German: 20, 111, 188, 439-40
Loiano: 363-65
Lombard plain: 292, 297-99, 385, 426, 446, 479, 482-83, 489, 502, 506, 536
Longastrino: 465
Lucca: 236, 282-84, 291, 293, 298, 304, 306, 319-20, 408-09, 412, 414
Lugo: [.451–52]
Lugo Canal: 464-65
LVT’s: 449-50, 452, 459, 465-66, 468, 543
–M–
MacArthur, General Douglas: 5
McCreery, Lt. Gen. Sir R. L.: 22, 32n, 307, 373, 373n, 376-77, 394-96, 401, 418-19, 446, 448-52, 454, 462, 465, 467, 494, 497, 512. See also British Army commands and forces, Eighth Army; 10 Corps.
McGarr, Col. Lionel C.: 135-36, 145
Mackensen, Generaloberst Eberhard von: 12, 86, 94, 107-08, 139-41, 144, 150-52, 156-58, 163-64, 169, 177-78, 181, 185, 189-90, 200-201, 207-08, 231. See also German commands and forces, Fourteenth Army.
MacMakin, 1st Lt. Garvin C.: 68-69
McSwain, 1st Lt. Harold V.: 51
Magill, Col. W. F.: 325-26, 334
Magrath, Pfc. John D.: 472
MALLORY MAJOR: 283-84, 285, 322
Marano River: 338-41
Marecchia River: 314, 338-40, 342-43, 378
Marina Canal: 468
Marina di Pisa: 281-82
Marshall, Col. Alfred C., Jr.: 215-16
Marshall, General George C.: 23, 104-05, 228, 257-58, 257n, 308, 357, 361-62, 373-74, 424, 538, 541
Marzeno River: 396
Mascarenhas de Morales, Maj. Gen. J. B.: 390, 397
Maschia San Biagio: 146
Maschio d’Ariano: 186, 188, 193, 195
Maschio dell’Artemisio: 186, 188
Massa: 300, 390, 422, 449, 460-61, 483
Massa Lombarda: 451-52, 465-66
Mattarello: 526
Matthews, Maj. Milton A.: 72
Meendsen-Bohlken, Vice Admiral Wilhelm: 12
Menate: 465
Merano: 532
Metauro River: 270, 301, 304-05, 313-14
Mignano: 230
Mikkelson, Lt. Col. William: 55
Milan: 283, 299, 303, 500, 506, 513
Miller, Lt. Col. Virgil R.: 460
Mills, Pvt. James H.: 147n
Minturno: 4, 16, 23-24, 30, 45-46, 48-50, 52-55, 66-67
Mirandola: 492
Misa River: 305-06
Model, Field Marshal Walter: 536
Modena: 299, 304, 453, 456, 462, 471, 492, 494-95, 503
Modighana: 396
Molazzana: 408-10
Mole Canal: 114, 121, 125, 143
Monaco: 507
Mongiorgio: 480
Monte Abate: 24
Monte Adone: 378-79, 381, 383, 385, 390, 454, 456, 477-78
Monte Alto: 95
Monte Altuzzo: 324-28, 334-35, 345
Monte Arrestino: 114, 149, 151-53, 156, 165
Monte Artemisio: 110, 184-86, 188-93, 195, 199-201, 260
Monte d’Avigo: 477
Monte Bastione: 353-54
Monte Battaglia: 348-54, 371, 384-85
Monte Belmonte: 378-81, 383-85, 390, 453, 477-78
Monte Belvedere: 24, 427-32, 434, 438, 453, 455, 461
Monte Bracchi: 46-49, 55, 65, 71
Monte Bruguana: 461
Monte Calvi: 326
Monte Campese: 30, 73, 76, 84-85
Monte Canda: 353-54
Monte Capello: 348-51
Monte Carnevale: 348-50
Monte Cassino: 3-4, 14, 16-18, 205
failure to capture: 19-20, 24, 77-78, 82, 186n, 543
final assault on: 22, 28-29, 32, 43-44, 56, 63-64, 77-78, 90
Monte Cassino abbey: 3, 28, 44, 63, 77-78, 205, 463
Monte Castellaccio: 195
Monte della Castellana: 432-33
Monte Castellari: 365
Monte Castellera: 405
Monte Castello: 431-32
Monte Castiglione Maggiore: 279
Monte Cerrere: 383-85, 388, 397
Monte Ciannelli: 47
Monte della Commundo: 56
Monte Compatri: 206-07
Monte Croce: 475
Monte della Croce: 345-46
Monte Damiano: 47, 56n, 65, 71, 94
Monte Faggeto: 85
Monte Faito: 59-61
Monte Feuci: 61-62
Monte Fiori: 197
Monte della Formiche: 365-67, 369, 378, 381
Monte Fragolita: 461
Monte Frassino: 335n
Monte Gorgolesco: 429-30
Monte Grande: 83-84, 86-88, 94, 378-79, 381, 383-86, 388, 390, 397, 418, 441, 451
Monte Grande d’Aiano: 432-34
Monte Ilirio: 157
Monte Justo: 209
Monte Leano: 97
Monte Maggiore: 395
Monte Majo massif: 14, 16, 23, 28, 32-35, 38, 56-57, 59-63, 65-66, 69-70, 76, 78, 91
Monte Milano: 477
Monte Moneta: 86-87
Monte del Montrono: 56
Monte Oggioli: 353-54
Monte Orso tunnel: 230
Monte Penitro: 75
Monte Pero: 455
Monte Petrella massif: 18, 30, 33-35, 38, 47-48, 52, 56, 66, 71, 73, 77, 83, 109
Monte Pigna: 454-55, 471, 473-75
Monte Pisano: 282, 298, 307, 310, 319-20
Monte Porzio Catone: 206
Monte Pratolungo: 348
Monte del Puntale: 348
Monte Righetti: 474
Monte Ruazzo: 83-84
Monte San Michele: 476, 480-81
Monte San Pietro: 481
Monte San Rinaldo: 402
Monte San Stefano: 97
Monte Sant’Angelo: 83-84, 97, 105
Monte Spicchione: 472
Monte Stanco: 371
Monte Tano: 201
Monte delle Tombe: 366
Monte della Torraccia: 427, 429-32
Monte Turlitto: 23
Monte Verruca: 324
Monte Vano: 409
Montecalderaro: 385
Montecalvo: 316
Montecchio: 402
Montecuccoli: 384
Montefortino: 396
Montegrosso: 376
Montelupo: 290-91
Montepastore: 475-76
Monterenzio hill mass: 364, 366-67
Monterumici hill mass: 366, 370, 390, 456, 477-79
Montese: 476
Montfalcone: 532
Montgomery, General Sir Bernard L.: 90, 541, 544
Monticelli: 324-335
Morgan, Lt. Gen. Sir William D.: 521-24
Mountain warfare: 14, 17, 25, 305n, 543. See also French commands and forces, Expeditionary Corps; U.S. Army commands and forces, 10th Mountain Division.
Mueller, Maj. Edmund: 216-18
Mugello Hills: 293
Mugnone Canal: 293-94
Mule trains: 25-26, 33, 321, 411, 414, 428
Munemori, Pfc. Sadao S.: 461n
Munich: 520
Murphy, T. Sgt. Charles J.: 329-31
Musone River: 270
Mussolini, Benito: 3, 109, 374, 512, 515, 519
Mussolini Canal: 4, 109-10, 114, 117, 138, 149-50, 152
–N–
Nago: 510-11
Naples: 79-80, 100, 110-11, 115, 229-30, 277, 285, 414, 417, 536
National Redoubt: 443-44, 446, 505n, 517
Nauders: 532
Naval support, Allied: 11, 36, 47, 115, 304-05, 340, 460, 543
Negro units: 287, 407, 409n,460n. See also U.S. Army commands and forces, 92nd Infantry Division; 366th Infantry Regiment.
Nelson, Capt. Carl W.: 49-50, 54
Nemi: 208
Nera River: 252
New Zealand Army forces: 21, 26
2nd New Zealand Division: 29, 221, 241, 280, 288-90, 338-39, 340n, 377-78, 396, 402, 404, 450, 452, 464, 469, 482, 503, 511-12
4th New Zealand Brigade: 450
Newman, 1st Lt. Beryl R.: 174n
Noon, 1st Lt. Theodore W., Jr.: 52, 52n
Norma: 157
North African campaign: 9n, 20, 22-23, 27, 90, 112-13, 124, 280, 406
Northern Apennines. See also Gothic Line.
as Allied strategic objective: 236, 256-57, 261, 283, 291, 308, 536
terrain and defenses: 268, 281, 284, 294, 297-300, 310-11, 438, 440-41
Notaro, 1st Lt. Ross A.: 331-33
–O–
O’Daniel, Maj. Gen. John W.: 113-14, 130-31, 133, 135-36, 147-49, 154, 166-69, 195-96, 541
Oder River: 484-85
Office of Strategic Services (OSS): 485, 514
OLIVE: 308, 310, 342, 378, 543
Ombrone River: 244, 246-47, 249
Omohundro, Col. Wiley H.: 131-35, 147-49
Orcia River: 249
Ortner, Generalleutnant Bruno: 64
Orvieto: 231-32, 239, 249-50, 252, 252n, 303, 411
Osa River: 246
Osimo: 278
Ostendorf, Maj. Vernon A.: 55
Osteria Finocchio: 207
Ostiglia: 446, 453, 489, 492-93, 499, 501
OVERLORD. See Cross-Channel attack.
–P–
Paglia valley: 249
Palestrina: 191, 194-97, 207-08, 212, 221
Paliano: 209
Pallavincini: 207
Panaro River: 456, 479, 492-94
PANCAKE: 370
Panich, 1st Lt. Jack L.: 49-50
Parker, 1st Lt. Jack S.: 384
Parmignola Canal: 482
Parrilli, Baron Luigi: 439, 513-18
Partisans
Italian: 12, 40, 71, 217, 251, 294, 348, 359, 403, 458, 501, 503-05, 512, 529-30
Yugoslav: 9, 257, 305, 358-60, 393, 399-400, 416, 441, 444, 504, 512, 516, 521, 532, 540
Passa Corno: 78
Passo Segni: 494
Pastena: 31
Pasubio Pass: 505
Patch, General Alexander M.: 544
Patton, Lt. Gen. George S., Jr.: 23, 484
Paulick, Maj. Michael: 128-29, 146
Pemsel, Generalmajor Max: 506
Peninsular Base Section (PBS): 312, 414, 417
Perugia: 233, 236, 252, 252n, 254, 256, 269
Peschiera: 445
Piano di Venola: 480
Pianoro: 363, 383, 405, 477-78
Piave River: 443, 505, 525, 531
Pico: 30-31, 34-35, 56, 83, 85-86, 89, 91-93, 98-99
Piedimonte San Germano: 18, 29, 79, 81-82, 90, 92-93
Piedmonte Roccasecca: 78
Piedura: 401-03
Pignataro: 64
Pisa: 236, 270, 275, 281-82, 286, 291, 298, 302, 319-20, 417, 418n
Pisa-Rimini Line: 6, 20, 228, 391
Pistoia: 236, 282, 284, 291, 298, 304, 306-07, 319-20, 323, 414, 417
German defense line: 393-94, 439, 443, 445, 447-48, 452, 467, 536
German withdrawal and Allied crossings: 453-54, 483, 489-98, 500-503, 506
Po Valley: 6-7, 256n, 297, 374
as Allied objective: 256-58, 283, 338, 392-93, 398, 405, 538, 543
final offensive on: 433, 449, 454-56, 466, 489, 499, 506, 537
Pofi: 93
Poggibonsi: 266
Poggio Alberaccio: 289
Poggio al’Omo: 279
Poggio Capalbiaccio: 245
Poggio Renatico: 494
Poggiolo: 367
Pohl, General Erich Ritter von: 516-17, 526-27
Pola: 444
Polish Army of the East: 28n
2nd Polish Corps: 22, 28n, 222-23, 364
Adriatic flank advance: 82, 90, 93, 241, 253, 267, 269-70, 278
final assault on Monte Cassino: 22, 28-29, 43-44, 63-64, 77-78
final offensive: 451-52, 457, 464-65, 467, 469, 482, 494
Gothic Line: 306-09, 312-13, 316, 339, 376, 394-97, 401-02, 404, 419
3rd Carpathian Division: 43, 278, 306, 313, 373, 396, 451, 464, 469
5th Kresowa Division: 43, 278, 306, 313, 376, 395-96, 404, 451, 469
2nd Polish Armoured Brigade: 278, 450-51
1st Carpathian Infantry Brigade: 20n
12th Podolski Lancers: 78
Ponte á Buriano: 288
Ponte Cavour: 219
Ponte del Duca d’Aosta: 218
Ponte Margherita: 219
Ponte Milvio: 218
Ponte Palatino: 220
Pontecorvo: 18, 34, 56, 59, 78, 81-83, 90-92, 99
Pontine Marshes: 14, 30, 97, 99, 108
Pope Pius XII: 265
Porretta: 300
Porta San Giovanni: 219
Porter, Lt. Col. A. M. Horsbrugh: 377-78, 395, 401
Porto Garibaldi: 459
Portomaggiore: 467
Pozzuoli: 74
Pradalbino: 482
Pratomagno massif: 288-89
Prefetti Canal: 175
Prenestini Mountains: 221
Presciano Canal: 174
Prichard, Maj. Gen. Vernon E.: 285, 506
Punta Bianca: 424, 460-61, 483
Pyenta, S. Sgt. Peter: 49-50
–Q–
Quaderno River: 482
QUADRANT Conference: 5, 535, 538
Quartolo San Ruffilo: 402
QUEEN: 398n
Querceta: 391
Querciola: 428
–R–
Raapke, Generalleutnant Wilhelm: 46, 59-60, 62-63, 69, 86
Rabbi River: 376
Radicondoli: 233
Radicosa Pass: 300, 320, 343-44, 349, 353-54, 361-64
Ramey, Brig. Gen. Rufus S.: 244-45, 247-48, 259-60, 348
Ramsey, Maj. Lloyd B.: 134-35, 147-49
Rapido River: 3, 5, 14-16, 16n, 22, 26, 28, 32, 37, 43-45, 63, 77-78, 90, 99, 186n, 231
Rathbun, Capt. Glenn E.: 149
Ravenna: 297, 301, 305, 308, 314-15, 339, 374, 391, 394-96, 399-404, 410, 418-19
Recco viaduct: 283
Recoaro: 517
Reno valley: 300, 371, 390, 418, 419-20, 426, 428, 434, 437-38, 442-48, 450-55, 459, 465-68, 471, 477-79, 494, 543
Rheims: 544
Riale: 482
Ribiano Hill: 385
Riccione: 339
Rimini: 297, 299-300, 302, 308, 313-14, 318, 339-42, 344, 361, 373, 394, 402
Ripabianca Ridge: 338-39
Riparbella: 273
Riva Ridge: 427, 429, 432, 453
Rocca Massima: 168
Rocca Priora: 206
Roccalbegna: 247
Roccastrada: 248
Roeder, Capt. Robert E.: 351, 351n
Röttiger, Generalleutnant Hans: 514, 520-21, 525-27
Romagna Plain: 297, 302, 308, 314, 317, 338-40, 342-43, 360-61, 366, 373-74, 378
Rome: 177, 198. See also Clark, Lt. Gen. Mark W.; Tiber River.
declared an open city: 203-06, 210, 234, 291
Fifth Army drive on: 156, 168, 171-73, 180, 190-96, 202-210, 537
Fifth Army entry: 211-22, 227-28, 237
garrison troops and military government: 233, 234n, 234-35, 239
German occupation of: 3, 233-34
plan for attack: 14-15, 19, 27, 30, 32, 35, 38, 104-07, 163-66
significance of capture: 4-6, 26, 99, 103, 106, 208, 234-35, 536-37, 542
Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin: 299
Ronco River: 377-78, 389, 393-96, 401
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: 204, 258, 359, 444, 537-38
Rosignano Marittimo: 273-74
Rossellini, 1st Lt. Bruno: 329-34
Rossen, Maj. William R.: 138
Route 16: 340
Route 68: 259, 261-63, 265, 267, 270-71, 273
Route 82: 76, 83-84, 89, 91, 93
Route 222: 289
Route 6424: 371
Route 6521: 318
Route 6528: 343-46
Rubicone River: 376
Ruffner, Brig. Gen. David L.: 529
Rufo: 23
Russi: 401-02
Russian Army: 4, 8, 39, 250, 257, 305, 358-60, 393, 399, 437, 441, 449, 484-85, 504-05, 516, 521, 525-26, 536-37, 539
Rutledge, Brig. Gen. Cecil L.: 286, 319
Ryder, Maj. Gen. Charles W.: 114, 175, 178-79, 200-201, 238-39, 259, 263, 273, 281, 285
–S–
Sabatini Mountains: 15
Sacco River: 28, 99, 109, 159, 171, 182
Sacco valley: 99, 105, 156, 171, 192, 196, 200, 221
Sacco-Liri valley: 163, 209-10, 541-42
Safay, Lt. Col. Alfred A.: 54-55, 66-67, 74
St. Gotthard Pass: 518
St. Moritz: 513
Salerno: 3, 24, 26, 112, 222, 231, 285, 537
Salzburg: 443
Samoggia River: 455, 471, 474, 476, 481-82
San Benedetto: 489, 493, 495, 499-500
San Biagio Canal: 146
San Fomano: 410
San Fortunato Ridge: 338-42
San Godenzo Pass: 341
San Marino: 302
San Martino Hill: 54-55, 66, 74, 76
San Martino monastery: 340-42
San Pancrazio: 401
San Patrignano Ridge: 338-40
San Pietro: 186
San Savino: 339
San Zeno in Volpinara: 395
Sansepolcro plain: 288
Santa Caterina: 247
Santa Croce: 75
Santa Maria Canal: 125
Santa Maria Infante: 46-50, 52-55, 65-69, 71
Santa Maria di Zena: 369
Sant’Angelo in Teodice: 44
Santerno River valley: 343-45, 349, 352, 354, 362-63, 366-67, 371, 385, 388, 405, 411-12, 420, 442, 448-49, 452, 454, 457, 462-65
Sarzana: 483
Savenna Creek: 383
Savizzano: 478
Savona: 507
Schauer, Pfc. Henry: 137n
Schellwitz, Maj. Gen. Friedrich von: 494
Schildroth, Col. William: 238, 263
Schlemm, General der Flieger Alfred: 139-40, 158, 166, 179-80, 189, 200-201, 207-08, 262, 265, 293, 314, 336, 354. See also German commands and forces, I Parachute Corps.
Schlemmer, Generalleutnant Ernst: 303
Schmalz, Generalmajor Wilhelm: 160-70, 184-85, 188
Schulz, General Friedrich: 521, 525-26, 528
Schweinitz, Oberstleutnant Victor von: 517-211, 522-25, 527, 529
Schwerin, General der Panzertruppen Gerhard Graf von: 468, 498, 498n, 503, 516n
Secchia River: 494
SECOND WIND: 460-61
Sellustra River: 442
Senger und Etterlin, Generalleutnant Fridolin von: 18, 18n, 42, 59-60, 79, 84, 86, 91, 94, 158, 209, 250, 262, 274-75, 374, 382-83, 387, 492, 504-05, 523n, 526-27, 529-30. See also German commands and forces, XIV Panzer Corps.
Senger Riegel: 18n, 71. See also Hitler Line.
Senio River: 404, 406, 411, 418-20, 442, 448, 451-52, 462-65
Senj: 441
Serchio River valley: 282, 300, 320, 390, 407-10, 412, 415, 417, 420-22, 424, 460-61
Sernide: 492
Serra Sarzana: 473
Servio River: 376
Sesto: 364
Sevez, Maj. Gen. François: 57, 85
SEXTANT-EUREKA Conference: 6
Sezze: 105, 116, 120, 139, 157, 172, 181
Shea, Sgt. Charles W.: 47, 47n
Sheldon, Lt. William G.: 217-18
Sherman, Col. Raymond G.: 460
Sibenik: 393
Sicilian campaign: 3-4, 9n, 23, 95, 113, 543-44
Sierra del Lago: 85
Sieve River: 281, 297, 318, 323-24
Sigman, Capt. Chatlain: 368
Signa: 289
Silla River: 426
Sillaro River: 363-64, 367, 385, 388, 442, 467
Simbruini Mountains: 192, 199, 221
Simmerman, Lt. Col. James S.: 125-26, 142-43
Sintria River: 403
Slesser, Air Marshal Sir John: 11, 258
Sloan, Maj. Gen. John F.: 23, 47, 55, 65-67, 71, 83, 88-89, 94-95, 345, 501
Smith, Pvt. Furman L.: 190n
Smith, Maj. Gen. Walter Bedell: 10
Snakes. See Anzio beachhead, mines.
Sogliana: 302
Solarolo: 464
Sommocolonia: 409-10
Soriano: 239
South African forces: 26
6th South African Armoured Division
final offensive: 453-56, 478-79, 482, 494, 497, 502-03, 506
pursuit north of Rome and Gothic line attack: 240-41, 249, 252, 268, 279-80, 288-90, 310, 319, 323, 325, 363, 371-72, 375, 390, 397, 412, 418
15th South African Field Artillery Regiment: 416
Southern France landing. See ANVIL-DRAGOON.
Spaatz, Lt. Gen. Carl: 11
Spaccasassi Creek: 114, 117, 174
Spigno: 30, 35, 53, 66, 71, 73, 78, 83, 94
Split: 393
Stalingrad: 544
Steinmetz, Generalmajor Bernhard: 46, 55, 64-65, 69-71, 73, 75-76, 84, 94, 473-74, 492
Strada: 402
STRANGLE: 20, 39, 56, 230, 543
Strategy, Allied: 4-6, 227, 229, 255-58, 269-70, 373
Anzio breakout controversy: 104-07
assessment of Italian campaign: 221-22, 535-40
and the Balkans: 357-60, 400, 444
final phase of Italian campaign: 444-49
Gothic Line and Po Valley: 303-10, 391-94
Strategy, German: 6-8. See also Hitler, Adolf; Kesselring, Generalfeldmarschall Albert.
after loss of Rome: 270
assessment of Italian campaign: 536, 539-40
final phase of Italian campaign: 360, 374, 438-39
Stromberg, Lt. Col. Woodrow W.: 135-36
Subiaco road: 209-10
Surrender
covert German-American negotiations: 437n, 439, 485, 513-21, 543
final capitulation in Italy: 512, 521-34, 544
Susa valley: 512
Sutri: 207
Suzzano: 476
–T–
Tabors: 24, 24n, 34. See also French commands and forces.
Tagliamento River: 443
Teheran Conference: 391
Termoli: 94
Terni: 19, 236, 241, 249-50, 252
Terracina: 18, 30, 36, 83, 86, 89, 91-99, 109, 139, 140, 152, 229, 244
Thomas, Col. Richard G.: 128, 130, 195
bridges: 203, 210-11, 215-16, 218, 220
German withdrawal: 206, 208-09, 228-29, 231-32, 242
plans and crossing operations: 191, 200, 208-09, 220-21, 231, 237, 240-41, 249-50, 252, 252n, 267
Tiglio: 409
Tippelskirch, General der Infanterie Kurt von: 408, 410, 419n
Tito, Marshal. See Partisans, Yugoslav.
Tivoli: 171, 184, 192, 207-08, 210, 212, 228, 232
Tole: 474-75
Tomba di Pesaro: 316
Tomlinson, Col. Clarence: 473
Torre Beretti: 284
Torre Iussi: 473-74
Traversa: 470
Trebbia River: 283
Treviso: 506
Trieste: 299, 357, 359-60, 444, 448-49, 511-12, 516, 532
Truscott, Maj. Gen. Lucian K., Jr.: 25, 399, 406, 445.
See also U.S. Army commands and forces, Fifth Army; VI Corps.
Anzio breakout planning: 105-06, 112-15, 117-19, 121, 128, 136, 141
attack northwest for Rome: 163, 165-66, 168-69, 172-73, 175, 220
Caesar Line breakthrough: 179-81, 185-86, 188-89, 200-202
Po to the Alps: 490, 492, 499-500, 505-06, 531
Po Valley operations: 448, 453-56, 490, 492, 499-500, 505-06, 531
winter stalemate: 407-09, 412, 417, 421-22, 424-26, 432-34
Twining, Maj. Gen. Nathan F.: 11
–U–
Uiumi Uniti Canal: 395
Umbertide: 269
Umbrian highlands: 209, 231, 244-45
U.S. Army commands and forces
European Theater of Operations: 9
Mediterranean Theater of Operations: 9
North African Theater of Operations: 9
Third Army: 484
Fifth Army: 3-4, 9, 14, 17, 26, 32, 63, 541-43. See also Clark, Lt. Gen. Mark W.; Truscott, Maj. Gen. Lucian K., Jr.
advance to Rome and capture: 156, 166, 171-72, 181-82, 190-92, 199, 202, 205, 208-11, 220-21, 227, 231, 234, 300
Anzio breakout and link-up attack: 79, 83, 89-90, 93, 95, 98-99, 103-06, 112, 115, 156
Bologna and Po Valley: 361-62, 370-71, 374, 376, 378, 382, 390
casualties: 222, 294, 372, 389, 545
DIADEM: 19-20, 22, 25-28, 30-38, 43, 45, 63-65, 73, 76
engineer operations: 261, 277, 364, 442, 489-90, 496
Gothic Line attack: 318, 320-23, 325, 335, 337-40, 342-46, 349, 354, 357, 359
Po Valley to the Alps: 424, 426, 432, 442, 444-46, 448-49, 453-59, 462, 469-71, 492, 495, 499, 503, 511-12, 516, 532, 537
pursuit from Rome to the Arno: 229-31, 236-37, 240-45, 248-50, 252, 259, 267, 270, 273, 277, 280-82
reorganization for Gothic Line attack: 284-88, 298, 304, 306-10, 312-13
replacement system: 222, 353, 362, 373-74, 389, 397, 405, 458
troops withdrawn for ANVIL-DRAGOON: 236, 285, 287, 306, 537, 540
winter stalemate south of Bologna: 393-94, 396-98, 400, 405-08, 410-15, 417-18, 420
Seventh Army: 26, 294, 397, 449, 483, 504-05, 542, 544
II Corps: 9, 23, 230. See also Keyes, Maj. Gen. Geoffrey.
advance to Rome: 172, 190-98, 202, 206-12, 218-21
casualties: 77, 335, 353, 362, 372
final offensive: 452-56, 470, 477-79, 482, 484, 490, 494, 496, 499, 502, 505, 531
Gothic Line: 309, 318, 320-21, 323, 335, 341, 343-44, 349, 352-54, 361-66, 369-72, 375, 378-85, 388-90, 397-98, 400, 405-10, 412-13
Gustav Line breakthrough: 43, 46n, 46-47, 54-55, 59-60, 64-65, 74-77, 109
Hitler Line attack and beachhead link-up: 83, 88-91, 93, 95-96, 98-99, 152, 167, 182
pursuit north of Rome: 237, 239-41, 248-49, 273-75, 286-87
winter stalemate: 414, 416-18, 434, 442
IV Corps: 25-26, 74, 182, 230. See also Crittenberger, Lt. Gen. Willis D.
final offensive: 460, 470-72, 474, 476-77, 479-80, 482, 484, 490, 492-93, 495-96, 499, 503, 505-06
Frieda line attack: 237, 239, 244, 247-48, 259, 265, 267, 270
Gothic Line attack: 344, 354, 361, 363-64, 369, 371, 382, 390, 397, 405-09, 412-13
Leghorn capture and advance to the Arno: 271, 273, 281, 285-87, 308, 310, 318-19, 322-23
plans for final offensive: 437, 442, 446, 449, 453-56
winter stalemate: 416-18, 421, 424, 433-34
VI Corps: 3, 25, 166, 230. See also Truscott, Maj. Gen. Lucian K, Jr.
Anzio breakout plans: 27, 36-38, 90, 103-107, 111-12, 115-18, 128
breakout from Anzio beachhead: 92-93, 99, 120, 125, 152, 156-58, 208, 221, 541
drive to Rome: 107, 139, 164-66, 171-73, 175, 177-78, 180-81, 190-91, 193-94, 199-200, 202, 206, 208-09, 218-20
post-Rome operations: 237, 239-40, 247
southern France invasion: 26, 228, 236, 256, 399, 532
1st Armored Division. See also Harmon, Maj. Gen. Ernest N.; Prichard, Maj. Gen. Vernon E.
Anzio breakout: 110-15, 121-28, 127n, 135, 137, 139, 142-44, 146, 151-53, 165
drive on Rome: 171, 173, 175-77, 180-81, 202, 208, 219-21
final offensive: 453-56, 476-77, 479, 481-82, 493, 495, 500, 506, 532
pursuit north of Rome: 237-39, 259-62, 265, 275, 287, 293, 310, 319, 323, 354, 379, 381, 385, 397, 405, 408-09, 412-13
Table of Organization and Equipment: 112, 285-86
1st Armored Regiment: 122-23, 125, 180, 183
Combat Command A: 25, 110, 112, 121-28, 142-44, 152, 175-76, 180-81, 219, 237, 239-40, 261, 265, 344, 349, 370-72, 494-95, 500, 502, 506
Combat Command B: 110, 112, 121-22, 125-28, 142-44, 146, 152-53, 175-76, 180-81, 219, 237-38, 261-62, 265, 363, 371, 390, 494-95, 503
3rd Infantry Division: 25, 110-11, 113. See also O’Daniel, Maj. Gen. John W.
Anzio breakout and capture of Cisterna: 114, 118, 121, 128, 130, 135-37, 139, 144, 147, 149, 151-52, 154
attack to block Highway 6: 165, 167-69, 171, 173, 182, 190, 193-95
final advance on Rome: 212, 218-19, 221, 234n, 239
withdrawn for southern France invasions: 228
7th Infantry Regiment: 131-35, 144-49, 154-55, 168, 170-71, 196, 212-13
15th Infantry Regiment: 128-30, 135, 138, 144, 146-47, 147n, 153-54, 167-68, 170-71, 194-95, 212
30th Infantry Regiment: 135-36, 144-47, 149, 168, 171, 194, 196, 212
10th Mountain Division: 415, 425, 428n
final offensive: 455, 471-77, 479-80, 482, 492-93, 495-96, 499, 507, 512, 529, 532
Reno valley offensive: 417, 426, 428-34, 438
85th Mountain Infantry Regiment: 424, 429-33, 472-74, 480, 492, 510, 512
86th Mountain Infantry Regiment: 417, 424, 429-30, 432-33, 473-75, 492, 500, 507, 510-12
87th Mountain Infantry Regiment: 424, 429, 433, 472-75, 481-82, 495, 500, 510
34th Infantry Division: 34, 110-11, 114. See also Ryder, Maj. Gen. Charles W.
Anzio breakout: 118, 125, 128, 152
attack through Caesar Line: 166, 173-74, 178-79, 181, 199-201, 208, 220
final offensive: 453, 478-79, 482, 493, 499, 503, 506, 532
Gothic line: 320, 323-25, 336, 344, 349, 354, 366, 370-71, 378-80, 383-85, 389, 397, 405, 413, 417-18
pursuit north of Rome: 237-39, 244, 259, 262-63, 265, 271, 273-76, 280-81, 286
133rd Infantry Regiment: 138, 149, 174n, 238-39, 262-65, 273, 276, 379-81, 390, 482
135th Infantry Regiment: 113, 122-25, 124n, 153, 175, 180, 190n, 263, 273-76, 335n, 379-80, 409, 417
168th Infantry Regiment: 178-80, 180n, 199, 202, 238, 262, 273-74, 276, 281, 379, 381
36th Infantry Division: 78-79. See also Walker, Maj. Gen. Fred L.
advance through Rome: 202, 208, 218, 220-21, 237, 239-40, 244, 246-47, 259-60, 262
Anzio breakout: 22, 25, 27, 37, 46, 74, 89, 111, 114, 152, 173, 175
capture of Monte Artemisio: 182, 184-86, 188-93, 199-202
withdrawn for southern France invasion: 228, 259-60
141st Infantry Regiment: 186, 186n, 201, 244-45, 248, 260
142nd Infantry Regiment: 186, 188, 201, 246, 260
143rd Infantry Regiment: 186, 186n, 188-89, 193, 201, 245-47, 260
45th Infantry Division: 25, 110-11, 237. See also Eagles, Maj. Gen. William W.
Anzio breakout: 114-15, 118, 125, 137, 149-50, 152
drive on Rome: 166, 173-75, 180, 199-202, 208, 220
withdrawn for southern France invasion: 228
157th Infantry Regiment: 137
179th Infantry Regiment: 118, 175, 199
180th Infantry Regiment: 137, 150, 175-76, 199
85th Infantry Division: 23. See also Coulter, Maj. Gen. John B.
DIADEM to Anzio: 35, 46, 49, 54, 64-67, 69, 73-77, 83-84, 89, 95, 99, 181, 190
drive to Rome: 193-95, 197, 206, 212, 218-19, 221
final offensive: 453, 456, 479-80, 482, 492, 495-96, 500-501, 505, 531
Gothic Line: 321, 324-25, 334-35, 344-45, 347, 349, 352, 354, 363-70, 379, 381-85, 389, 397, 405, 408, 413, 417-18
pursuit north of Rome: 239-40, 244, 286
337th Infantry Regiment: 54, 74-75, 85-86, 95, 97, 99, 193, 195, 206, 219, 335, 367-68, 383-84, 388, 408
338th Infantry Regiment: 53-55, 66-69, 74-75, 86, 95-97, 195, 212, 218-19, 335, 365-67, 408, 532
339th Infantry Regiment: 54, 54n, 74, 206, 240, 335, 367, 384, 408, 532
88th Infantry Division: 23. See also Sloan, Maj. Gen. John F.
drive to Rome: 192, 194, 196, 206-07, 210, 212, 218, 221
final offensive: 418, 453, 478-79, 482, 492, 494, 496, 501-02, 505, 531
Gothic Line: 320-21, 344-45, 347, 350-51, 353-54, 362-63, 366-67, 371, 379, 381-85, 388-89, 397, 405, 413
Gustav Line: 24, 35, 46-47, 47n, 65-66, 71, 73, 77
Hitler Line: 83-84, 87, 91, 94, 172, 181-82
pursuit north of Rome: 239-40, 265, 273, 275, 281, 286
349th Infantry Regiment: 47, 55, 66, 71, 73-74, 88, 94-95, 195, 212, 345, 348, 350, 353, 383-85, 388, 532
350th Infantry Regiment: 47-48, 65, 71-73, 94-95, 212, 214, 218, 265, 345-46, 348-52, 367, 384-85
351st Infantry Regiment: 47-55, 65-69, 71, 73, 83-84, 87-88, 94-95, 196-97, 212, 218, 345, 347-48, 350-51, 353, 385-87, 501
91st Infantry Division
final offensive: 453, 478-79, 494, 497, 502, 505-06, 512, 532
Gothic line: 320-21, 323, 325-26, 344, 349, 354, 363-67, 369-70, 379, 381, 383, 385, 389, 397, 405, 408, 413, 418
pursuit north of Rome: 239, 271, 273, 275, 281, 286-87
361st Infantry Regiment: 239, 244-47, 260, 265, 275, 334-35, 368-70
362nd Infantry Regiment: 275, 275n, 365, 388
363rd Infantry Regiment: 271, 274-76, 281, 325-35, 344, 365-66, 369
92nd Infantry Division: 287, 397, 409n, 418, 506. See also Almond, Maj. Gen. Edward M.
assessment of: 406-09
final offensive to Genoa: 449, 453-55, 458, 460-62, 483, 499, 503, 532
365th Infantry Regiment: 407, 417, 422, 453, 455, 460, 503
370th Infantry Regiment: 319, 390-91, 407-10, 422-23, 460-61, 460n
371st Infantry Regiment: 407, 422, 455, 460-61, 503
93rd Infantry Division: 407
95th Infantry Division: 11
35th Antiaircraft Brigade: 115
45th Antiaircraft Brigade: 286. See also U.S. Army commands and forces, Task Force 45.
8th Antiaircraft Group: 397
434th Antiaircraft Battalion: 390, 417
435th Antiaircraft Battalion: 390, 418n
532nd Antiaircraft Battalion: 418n
900th Antiaircraft Battalion: 417, 418n
1st Armored Group: 244
13th Armored Regiment: 122, 125-26, 142-43, 152, 193, 215-16, 219
27th Armored Field Artillery Battalion: 122, 476
91st Armored Field Artillery Battalion: 143-44, 170-71
1125th Armored Field Artillery Battalion: 397-98
6th Armored Infantry Regiment: 122, 125-27, 142-43, 153, 170-71, 175-76, 180, 219, 477
11th Armored Infantry Battalion: 319, 476
14th Armored Infantry Battalion: 476
81st Armored Reconnaissance Battalion: 144, 206, 212, 261, 453, 476-77, 495
34th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron: 273
91st Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron: 89, 94, 99, 171, 193, 240, 244, 453, 492, 499
117th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron: 240, 244
88th Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop: 214
2nd Chemical Battalion: 68
83rd Chemical Battalion: 113
84th Chemical Battalion: 344, 408, 428
109th Engineer Battalion: 113, 118, 199
313th Engineer Battalion: 214
696th Engineer Company: 229
1108th Engineer Combat Group: 230
36th Engineer Combat Regiment: 25, 111, 186, 244
39th Engineer Combat Regiment: 244, 490
13th Field Artillery Brigade: 24, 25n, 59, 248
6th Field Artillery Group: 46, 260
36th Field Artillery Group: 46
77th Field Artillery Group: 46
428th Field Artillery Group: 415
10th Field Artillery Battalion: 133, 168
34th Field Artillery Battalion: 329
39th Field Artillery Battalion: 147
41st Field Artillery Battalion: 145
59th Field Artillery Battalion: 244
69th Field Artillery Battalion: 113
175th Field Artillery Battalion: 428
178th Field Artillery Battalion: 383
248th Field Artillery Battalion: 383
337th Field Artillery Battalion: 74
338th Field Artillery Battalion: 214
339th Field Artillery Battalion: 351
527th Field Artillery Battalion: 415
530th Field Artillery Battalion: 415
536th Field Artillery Battalion: 415
601st Field Artillery Battalion: 87
604th Field Artillery Battalion: 472
697th Field Artillery Battalion: 87
765th Field Artillery Battalion: 415
766th Field Artillery Battalion: 415
913th Field Artillery Battalion: 53-54, 68
366th Infantry Regiment: 397, 409, 409n, 422, 424
442nd Infantry Regiment: 262-63, 271, 273-74, 276, 281, 320, 415, 453, 458, 460-61, 483, 507
473rd Infantry Regiment: 417, 418n, 453, 460-61, 483, 503, 506-07
100th Infantry Battalion: 276, 461
6617th Mine Clearing Company: 113
509th Parachute Infantry: 110, 238
517th Parachute Infantry: 260, 262
785th Petroleum Distribution Company: 229
6615th Ranger Force: 110
13th Tank Battalion: 500
751st Tank Battalion: 128-29, 133, 135, 154, 390, 472, 475
752nd Tank Battalion: 214, 482
753rd Tank Battalion: 244
755th Tank Battalion: 408
757th Tank Battalion: 379
758th Tank Battalion: 397, 461
760th Tank Battalion: 52-53, 344, 349, 408, 461
601st Tank Destroyer Battalion: 128-29, 133, 135
635th Tank Destroyer Battalion: 153
636th Tank Destroyer Battalion: 113, 244
679th Tank Destroyer Battalion: 415
701st Tank Destroyer Battalion: 153, 473
776th Tank Destroyer Battalion: 273
804th Tank Destroyer Battalion: 271, 273
805th Tank Destroyer Battalion: 344
849th Tank Destroyer Battalion: 390
Task Force 45: 286-87, 310, 319-20, 323, 354, 412, 417-18, 453
Task Force Darby: 500-502, 507, 510-11
Task Force Howze: 152-53, 167-71, 193-94, 206, 211-12, 216, 218, 240, 261, 265
Task Force Ramey: 245, 247-48, 259-60
U.S.-Canadian 1st Special Service Force: 25, 110-11, 114-15, 117, 128
Anzio breakout: 129, 137-40, 146-47, 149, 151-52, 155-56, 165, 167, 171
drive to Rome: 193, 195, 211-12, 215-16, 218, 221
Vallerona: 247
Vallomajo: 61
Valmontone: 27, 37-38, 104-07, 110, 112, 114, 115-18, 128, 142, 152-53, 156-59, 163-73, 177, 181-82, 184-85, 189-92, 194-99, 202, 207-08, 221
Valpiana Ridge: 429
Vatican City: 203-05, 234, 291
Vedriano: 385-89
Velletri: 110, 115, 122, 128, 142, 144, 152, 165-67, 173-75, 180, 184-86, 188-89, 200-201, 208
Velletri-Rome railroad: 178, 202
Venetian line: 447
Venetian Quadrilateral: 445, 445n
Venturina: 261
Vergato: 426, 432, 454-56, 471, 474, 476-77, 479-80
Verona: 299, 444-48, 492, 495, 499-502, 504, 506, 529
Vetralla: 239
Via Appia Nuova: 219
Via Prenestina: 191-92, 195, 211-12, 216
Via Tuscolana: 191, 207-08, 218, 220
Viareggio: 323, 371, 397, 409, 417
Vicenza: 505
Victor Emmanuel III: 234-35
Vienna: 258, 393, 441, 484, 539
Vietinghoff, Generaloberst Heinrich Gottfried von: 12, 42, 42n, 60, 387, 403, 419-20, 516n, 525, 527.
See also German commands and forces, Army Group C; Tenth Army.
defense south of Rome: 76, 77, 79, 84, 86, 91, 94, 99, 140, 158, 198-99
final defense and capitulation: 484-85, 504-05, 514-17, 519-20, 522-24, 526, 529, 544
Gothic Line and Adriatic flank: 252, 301, 306, 314-16, 341-42, 403, 438-39, 441, 462, 466-68, 476
Villa Belvedere: 341
Villa Borghese: 119
Villa Crocetta: 178-81, 199-200
Villa Doerrenbach: 518-19
Villa Locatelli: 519
Villafranca airfield: 499, 501
Villagrappa: 395
Vipiteno: 532
Viterbo: 19, 237, 239-41, 249, 536
Viterbo airfields: 38, 229, 236
Voralpenstellung: 443
–W–
Waibel, Col. Max: 513-14, 518-20
Walker, Maj. Gen. Fred L.: 114, 185-86, 188, 200-201, 220, 245
Wannsee: 484
Warlimont, General der Artillerie Walter: 8n, 99
Waugh, 1st Lt. Robert T.: 54n
Weichs, Generalfeldmarschall Maximillian von:357, 359
Wenner, Maj. Max: 515, 518-20, 523-25
Wentzell, Generalmajor Friedrich: 60, 86, 196, 199, 208, 310-11, 316, 525-26
Westphal, Generalmajor Siegfried: 42, 86, 199
Wigle, 2nd Lt. Thomas W.: 335n
Williamson, Lt. Col. Corbett: 348-51
Wilson, General Sir Henry Maitland: 8, 11, 204, 254, 310, 362, 399, 406, 411
Po Valley advance: 391-92, 400
trans-Adriatic assault plans: 305, 357-60, 400
WINTERGEWITTER: 408-10
Wise, S. Sgt. Homer I.: 246n
Wolff, General Karl: 439, 485, 514-21, 523, 525-28
Yalta agreements: 451
Yarborough, Col. William P.: 460
Yeager, Lt. Col. Walter B.: 94-95, 386
Yugoslavia: 357-60, 393, 399-400, 441, 444
–Z–
Zadar: 393
Zagarolo: 207-08
Zangen, General der Infanterie Gustav von: 12
Zimmer, SS Obersturmführer Guido: 513, 516, 520
Zoaglia viaduct: 283