US Army SS 10 Manhattan Project: Index

Index

–A–

Aachen, Germany, 288

Abelson, Philip H., 36, 172-76, 180

Acheson, Dean, 573

Acheson-Lilienthal report, 574

Ackart, E. C., 199

Adams County, Wash., 110, 332

Adamson, Lt. Col. Keith F., 19-22, 24

Adelman, Arthur, 20

Adler. Edward, 154-57

Advisory Committee on Nuclear Research, 26-27

Advisory Committee on Research and Development, 589-91

Advisory Committee on Uranium, 21-23, 26. See also Office of Scientific Research and Development, S-1 Executive Committee and S-1 Section; Uranium, Committee on; Uranium, Section on.

African Metals Corporation, 65, 79, 300-301, 304, 308, 310. See also Union Miniere du Haut Katanga.

Agreement and Declaration of Trust, 297-98, 301n, 304, 572

Air Engineering Squadron, 603rd, 521

Air Force

Eighth, 288

Twentieth, 523, 528, 530

Air Service Group, 390th, 521

Air Transport Command, 217, 408-09

Akers, Wallace A., 99, 229-33, 237, 245

Alabama Ordnance Works, 108, 191, 343

Alamogordo Army Air Field, N.Mex., 478, 507, 511, 517. See also Project Trinity, bomb test.

Albuquerque District, 84-85, 466, 468-69, 486

Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company

electromagnetic project, 130, 133, 136-37

gaseous diffusion plant, 158, 160

unionized, 371

Allison, Samuel K., 488

Alma Trailers, 437

Alpha racetracks, 120, 128-29 132, 134-39, 142, 144, 580

Alsos mission

in Italy, 281-82

in London, 282-84

organization of, 280-81

in Western Europe, 285-91

Amberg, Julius M., 337. 340

American atomic energy program. See Manhattan Project.

American Cynamid, 314

American Federation of Labor, 351, 370-71

American Industrial Transit, Inc., 446

American Red Cross, 428, 443

Anacostia Station, D.C., 173

Anchor Ranch Proving Ground, N.Mex., 506-07

Anderson, Herbert L., 8n

Anderson, Sir John

agreements with French scientists, 249-52

Anglo-American collaboration, 228-29, 235, 237, 239, 244, 248, 561, 571

control of Congo ore deposits, 297-98, 300

thorium supplies, 305

Anderson County, Tenn., 70, 78, 320, 326, 403

Anglo-American collaboration

achievement of in 1940–41, 29, 31

breakdown of in 1942, 227-32

Combined Policy Committee, 239, 241-43, 245-47, 252

French repatriated scientists, 248-52

new negotiations in 1943, 232-40

postwar planning, 564-67, 570-73

Quebec Agreement, 241-42, 245, 247, 249

and security, 230

Applied Physics Laboratory, 508

Argonne Forest, Ill., 47, 67-68, 71-72, 96, 111-14, 185, 194, 221, 247

Argonne Laboratory, 113, 200, 342, 350, 385, 590. See also Metallurgical Project.

Argonne National Laboratory, 590

Aristotle, 3

Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, 600n

Army Air Forces, 490, 495, 519-23

Army Command Administrative Network, 395

Army Groups

6th, 287-88, 290

12th, 288

20th, 288

Army and Navy Munitions Board, 57-61, 67, 81

Army Service Forces, 116, 208n, 358, 365. See also Services of Supply.

Army Specialized Training Program, 358, 497

Arneson, 1st Lt. R. Gordon, 555

Arnold, General henry H., 519-21, 523, 528-29

Arnold, Samuel T., 350, 492

Ashbridge, Lt. Col, Whitney

Los Alamos construction, 469, 475, 477

Los Alamos post commander, 425, 487, 497-98, 500-501

Ashworth, Comdr. Frederick L., 524, 529, 540-42

Associated Press (Albuquerque), 514, 517

Associated Universities, Inc., 590-91

Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, 397, 478

Atkinson, Guy F., Company, 406

Atlee, Clement, 570, 572-73

Atomic bombing of Japan

AAF role in, 519-23

American casualties in, 547

overseas bases for, 523-28

preparations for, 519-23, 534-36

Senate hearings on, 548-50

target choices for, 528-30

USASTAF directive for, 534

Atomic communities. See Clinton Engineer Works; Hanford Engineer Works; Los Alamos Laboratory.

Atomic energy

international control of, 569-74

postwar legislation, 574-78

postwar planning, 562-68

Atomic Energy Act of 1946, 578, 596, 598-99

Atomic Energy Commission. See United States Atomic Energy Commission.

Atomic fission

concept, historical evolution of, 3-8

military application of, 11-12

and uranium, 8-11

Auger, Pierre, 249-50, 252

Aurand, Maj. Gen. Henry S., 597

Austin, Warren R., 577

–B–

B-29’s, 510n, 520-23, 528

Bacher, Robert F., 574, 589, 597-98

Bacon, Francis, 3

Badger, E. B., and Sons, 49, 58

Badoglio, Marshal Pietro, 281

Bainbridge, Kenneth, 478, 515

Bakelite Corporation, 151, 155, 160. See also Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation,

Ballistic Research Laboratory, 487

Bandelier National Monument, N.Mex., 469

Bankers Trust Company, 302

Bard, Ralph A., 530

Barker, Maj. Maurice E., 20

Barkley, Alben W., 272

Barnard, Chester I., 574

Barnes, Sir Thomas, 297

Barnes, W. L. Gorell, 298

Barrier R & D, 154-57

Baruch, Bernard M., 573-74

Bateman, George C., 299

Batista Field, Cuba, 523

Baxter, John P., 145

Baxter, Capt. Samuel S., 435-37, 443

Bayway, NJ., 133

Beams, Jesse W., 10, 36

Bear Creek Valley, Tenn., 130

Becquerel, Henri, 4

Belgian Agreement. See Tripartite Agreement.

Belgian Congo and uranium ore, 8, 14, 24-25, 79- 80, 292, 295-96, 310, 312

Bell, Daniel W., 67

Bell Telephone Laboratories, 151, 155

Benbow, Maj. Horace S., 247

Benton County, Wash., 110, 332, 451

Beta racetracks, 128-29, 132, 135, 139, 142, 580

Bethel Valley, Tenn., 204, 206

Bethlehem Steel Corporation, 160

Betts, Brig. Gen. Edward C., 297-98

Beverly junction, Wash., 405, 408n

Biddle, Francis, 338, 340-41

Bikini Atoll tests. See Operation CROSSROADS.

Bissell, Maj. Gen. Clayton L., 285

Bissingen, Germany, 287, 290

Black Oak Ridge, Tenn., 78-79, 320n, 433-34, 443

Black oxide, processing of, 310-12, 314-16

Blair, A. Farnell, 437

Blair, Lt. Col. Robert C., 443

Blair Road, CEW, 403-04

Bloch, Capt. Edward J., 438

Blok, Arthur, 248

Bock’s Car (B-29), 540-41

Bohemian Grove, Muir Woods, Calif., 70-72, 74, 79, 96

Bohr, Niels, 4, 7, 13, 564

Bomb components stockpile, postwar, 581n, 593-94

Bomb models, 508

Bombardment Squadron (VH), 393rd, 521-23

Bombardment Wing, 313th, 526

Bomber Command, XXI, 526

Bonnet, Maj. William A., 137

Bonneville Dam, Wash., 110, 392

Bonneville Power Administration, 69, 110, 378-81, 387-88, 391-94

Bowen, Rear Adm. Harold G., 24, 26

Boyd, George E., 318

Boyle, Robert, 3

Bradbury, Comdr. Norris, 582

Brazier, B. E., 476

Breeder reactor, 583

Brereton, Lt. Gen. Lewis H., 598

Brewster, Owen, 335n

Bridges, Styles, 273

Briggs, Lyman

development of atomic energy program, 21-24, 26-27, 34, 38, 44

liquid thermal diffusion process, 173-75

Brindisi, Italy, 281

British atomic project. See Tube Alloys.

British Mission to Japan, 545

British scientists

electromagnetic research, 124-25, 147

gaseous diffusion process, 10, 29-30, 35, 153, 155-56, 230-31

interchange policy, 271, 304

Brookhaven National Laboratory, 591-92

Brown, Edward J., 354

Brown oxide, processing of, 315-16

Brown University, 119n

Bruce, E. L., 437

Bruns General Hospital (Santa Fe), 425

Brush Beryllium Company, 313

Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL, 351, 370-71

Bundy, Harvey, 46, 60, 77, 242, 298, 337, 349, 513

Anglo-American collaboration, 228, 237, 240, 248, 251-52

postwar planning, 560, 567-68

Bureau of Mines, 313, 427

Bureau of Ordnance (Navy), 495, 501, 505

Bush, Lt. Harold C., 480-81

Bush, Vannevar, 47, 53-54, 56, 174, 285, 335

Anglo-American collaboration, 227-31, 234-40, 248, 250, 296

Army control of atomic program. 73-74, 76-77

bombing of Japan, 514, 516, 530

Combined Policy Committee, 241-43, 246

development of atomic program, 30-35, 37-39

establishment of Manhattan District, 40, 44, 46

Los Alamos program, 87, 494

Military Policy Committee, 77, 227, 335, 494, 589

NDRC and OSRD, 26-28, 30-31

postwar planning, 556, 563, 565-71, 573-75

priority ratings, 59-61

scientific personnel procurement, 345, 349

security system for Manhattan District, 261, 273, 277

Top Policy Group, 31, 34, 73

Byrd, Harry F., 336, 577

Byrnes, James F., 374, 530, 533, 570-71, 573

–C–

C-54’s, 527, 536

California Institute of Technology, 499, 501, 510

Calutrons, 119-20, 122, 132-33, 136

Calvert, Maj. Horace K., 256, 258, 282, 286

Campbell, Sir Ronald 1., 305

Canada

joint control of Congo ore, 296, 298

ore resources, 25, 299, 310-12, 314

Canadian atomic project. See Evergreen.

Canadian Radium and Uranium Corporation, 62, 79, 312

Cannon, Clarence, 274

Cantril, Simeon T., 411n, 415

Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation barrier fabrication, 151, 156

labor activities at, 372, 374, 376

operation of gaseous diffusion plant, 106, 165-67, 170, 398, 418, 593

See also Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation.

Carnegie Institution, 8, 24, 36, 173, 487

Carnotite ores, 311, 314

Carpenter, Walter S., Jr., 98-99, 337

Carteret, N.J., 133

Casablanca meeting, 233-34

Cascade design, single, 152-53, 155-59, 169

Celle, Germany, 289

Censorship, 277-79

Centrifuge process, 10, 23, 47, 50-51, 71, 149n

Chadwick, Sir James, 5-6, 8n, 100, 514

Combined Policy Committee, 242n, 243-47

postwar planning, 560-61, 572

Chain reaction, 7-10

pile process, 51-52, 102-04, 190-91

uranium-graphite system, 11, 21, 23, 28

Chalk River, Ontario, 246-47

Chambers Chemical and Dye Works, 202, 315. See also Du Pont, E. I., de Nemours and Company.

Chemical Warfare Service, 20, 132

Cherwell, Lord (Frederick Lindemann), 235-37, 533, 566

Chevalier, Haakon, 264

Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, 332, 405-08, 451

Chrysler Corporation, 160, 166, 371

Churchill, Winston S., 31-32, 298, 518, 533

Anglo-American collaboration, 228, 233-39

postwar planning, 564-66

Quebec Agreement, 240-42

Clark, Joseph P., 374

Clarke, Col. Frederick J., 584n

Clay, Brig. Gen. Lucius D., 57-60, 433-34

Clayton, William L., 530

Clifton Products, Inc., 594-95

Clinch River, Tenn., 47, 71, 78, 160-61, 320n, 390, 433, 442

Clinton, Tenn., 78, 179, 204, 326, 433

Clinton Engineer Works, 78-79, 91, 128, 576, 590

Army-Du Pont cooperation at, 206

atomic communities, 432-48

communications and transportation at, 394-99, 401-05, 408

electrical power for, 380-82, 386, 388-91

health program at, 415-16, 418-19, 421-24

labor shortage at, 351-54

labor relations at, 372-74

labor turnover and absenteeism at, 363-66

land acquisition for, 322-28

plant construction at, 130, 134-40, 159-65, 179-80, 205-08, 580-81, 585, 593

plant operation at, 140-48, 165-71, 180-83, 208-10

safety program at, 427-30

site selection for, 78-79, 435-40

work stoppages at, 370-71, 375-76

Clinton Home Building, 437

Clinton Laboratories, 200, 350, 544

construction of, 204-08

medical research at, 415

operation of, 208-10, 583, 591, 594

–D–

Dahlgren, Va., 508

Dale Hollow Dam and Reservoir, Tenn., 320

Dalton, John, 3

Davalos, Capt. Samuel P., 478, 500

Davis, Clifford C., 325

Davis, Laurence W., 354

Day, H. J., 201

Decatur, Ill., 370-71, 376

Declaration of Trust. See Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

Deep Water, N.J., 202, 315

Defense Plant Corporation, 133

Delimitations Agreement, 255

Dennison, David M., 528

Department of Agriculture, 27, 324, 329

Department of Interior, 380

Department of Justice, 322, 325, 333, 336-38, 341-42

Department of Labor, 427

Department of State, 568, 571, 573, 575, 599

Department of the Treasury, 67, 301

Derry, Maj. John A., 520, 528

Descartes, Rene, 3

Desert training area (Army), near Rue, Calif., 478n

de Seversky, Maj. Alexander, 545, 548-50

de Silva, D. Col. Peer, 527

Diebner, Kurt, 290

Dill, Field Marshal Sir John, 241-43

Division of Military Application, AEC, 598

Doan, Richard L., 318

Donner Laboratory, 118, 122. See also University of California (Berkeley).

DSM (Development of Substitute Materials) project, 43-44, 67, 71

Dudley, Maj. John H., 84, 328

Dunning, John R., 8n, 10, 30, 51, 150

Du Pont, E. I., de Nemours and Company, 64, 104, 154, 371

Chambers Chemical and Dye Works, 202, 315

Clinton Engineer Works

semiworks construction at, 204-08

Oak Ridge housing at, 441-42

Engineering Department, 199, 206

feed materials production, 314-17

Hanford Engineer Works

Army collaboration at, 202-04

community construction at, 452-59

community management at, 460-63

plant construction at, 211-18, 352, 354

plant operation at, 219-22, 391-92, 591-93

safety and health programs at, 413, 420, 424, 428

site selection for, 109-10, 450-51

transportation and communications at, 395- 96, 398-99, 40ln, 403, 406-07

Metallurgical Laboratory collaboration, 194-97, 452, 454

Metallurgical Project collaboration, 203-04

plutonium project, 96-99, 101, 105-06, 108-12, 114, 190-94, 198-99, 210

TNX Division, 113, 198-99, 202-03, 210, 217

Durand and Sons, A. A., 454-455

–E–

East Fork Valley, Tenn., 434

Eastman, Joseph T., 408

Eastman Kodak Laboratories, 119n East Town, CEW, 435-36, 439, 443

East Village, CEW, 436, 439, 458

Echols, Maj. Gen. Oliver P., 520

Eden, Anthony, 235

Einstein, Albert, 6, 13-14, 21, 23

Eisenhower, General Dwight D., 284, 297, 584

Eldorado Gold Mines, Ltd., 8, 25, 62, 64, 79-80, 296n, 311

Eldorado Mining and Refining Company, 308, 310- 311, 313-14

Electric power, 377, 393

contracts and agreements for, 386-88

distribution of

at Clinton Engineer Works, 388-91

at Hanford Engineer Works, 391-93

requirements and sources of, 377-82, 385, 388

Electromagnetic (Y-12) process, 10, 34-35, 37, 71, 104-05, 117-18, 176-77

Army administration, 118-26

construction procurement, 130-33

failure of great magnets, 266-67

hazards control program, 418-19

plant construction, 130, 134-40

plant design and engineering, 126-29

plant operation, 140-48, 580

research and development, 50-53, 119-20

War Department contracts, 120-23, 126, 134, 140, 145

Electro Metallurgical Company, 64, 310, 316-17

Elliott Company, 154

Engel, Albert J., 273-74

Engineer Combat Battalion, 1269th (less Company B), 290

Engineers, Corps of, 40-41, 89

Engineers offices

Beverly Area, 308, 310

Boston Area, 127, 130, 434

California Area, 53, 64, 118

Chicago Area, 68, 185-87, 201-02

Clinton Area, 200-201, 346, 368, 395-96

Colorado Area, 308

Hanford Area, 200-201, 457, 463

Iowa Area, 308, 310

Los Angeles Area, 499

Madison Square Area, 91, 143, 308, 312-14, 316-18, 416, 595

Murray Hill Area, 294-95, 308

New York Area, 91, 133, 151, 160, 166

Santa Fe Area, 466

St. Louis Area, 308, 310

Tonawanda Area, 308, 310

Wilmington Area, 201-02, 308, 310

Enlisted Reserve Corps, 354, 359

Enola Gay (B-29), 536-37

Espionage. See Security.

Espionage Act, 261, 577

Ether process, 62

European Theater of Operations, 280

Evans, R. Monte, 199

Evans, Maj. Thomas J., Jr., 178

Evergreen (code name for Canadian atomic

project), 246-47

Expert Tool and Die Company, 508

–F–

Farm Security Administration, 323

Farrell, Brig. Gen. Thomas F.

bombing of Japan, 528, 534-35, 538, 540, 542- 44, 549

problems at CEW, 147-48

Project Trinity preparations, 511-12, 514-16

“Fat Man,” 508, 522, 527, 536, 538, 540-41

Federal Bureau of Investigation, 255

Federal Prison Industries, 334

Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists, and Technicians (CIO), 264

Federation of Atomic Scientists, 577

Feed materials program

organization of, 307-10

procurement for, 310-14

production of, 314-17

quality control, 317-18

Feis, Herbert, 65

Felbeck, George T., 165

Fercleve Corporation, 180-83, 374, 418

Ferguson, H. K., Company, 178-80

Fermi, Enrico, 113, 531

atomic energy research, 6-7, 8n, 9-12, 21-24, 30

bomb development, 488, 503n, 509

chain reaction, 21, 23, 102-04

pile process, 184n, 190-92, 194, 221

Ferry, Capt. John L., 416

Fidler, Capt. Harold A., 118, 122-23, 125-26

Field Artillery Armory, 124th, 186

Fifth Army, 281

Fine, Paul C., 558

Finletter, Thomas K., 65

First War Powers Act of 1941, 430

Fisher, Col. William P., 528

Flaherty, Lt. (jg.) John J., 374

Fontana Dam, N.C., 381

Ford, Bacon, and Davis, 161, 163, 166, 442

Foreign intelligence operations. See Alsos mission.

Fort Loudoun Dam, Tenn., 390-91

Foster and Creighton, 437

Fox, Lt. Col. Mark C., 137, 178, 180

Franck, James, 272, 532-33

Franck report, 532-33

Franklin County, Wash., 110, 332

Franklin Institute, 415

Frazier, Brig. Gen. Thomas A., 279

French repatriated scientists, 248-52

Friedell, Lt. Col. Hymer L., 411-12, 415, 544

Frijoles Canyon, N.Mex., 469

Frijoles Lodge (near Los Alamos), 469

Frisch, Otto R., 7, 290

Fuchs, Klaus, 266

Fukushima, Japan, 528

Fuller Lodge (Los Alamos), 471

Funding

for Combined Development Trust, 301-02

for electromagnetic process, 121-23

for Manhattan Project, 49-50, 56-57, 115-16, 272-74, 590

for NDRC-OSRD program, 22, 24-25, 38-39

Furman, Maj. Robert R., 282, 286, 536, 544

Fusion bomb development, 503n

–G–

Gable Mountain, Wash., Ill, 331n

Galileo, 3

Gallaher Bridge Road, Tenn., 403-04

Gamble Valley, CEW, 441

Gary, Tom C., 101

Gaseous diffusion (K-25) process, 149-51, 171

Army administration, 149-50

extension plant (K-27), 390-91, 581, 593

plant construction, 159-65

plant design, 152-59

plant operation, 165-71, 580-81, 593

research and development

barrier, 154-57

by British scientists, 10, 29-30, 35, 153, 155-56, 230-31

at Columbia and Kellex, 10, 34, 36, 38, 101, 104, 149-50, 153-55, 157, 159

General Advisory Committee, AEC, 578

General American Transportation Company, 313

General Chemical, 314

General Electric Company, 129-30, 592

George, Lt. Col. Warren, 132, 135

Gerlach, Walther, 290

Germany

Alsos missions against, 280-82, 285-91

Groves’ concern about, 509n

intelligence information on, 253

interest in heavy water, 23, 66

interest in nuclear research, 12-14, 23-24, 27, 253, 280

special intelligence activities against, 282-85

U.S. race with, 35-39

Giles, Lt. Gen. Barney McK., 524

Giroux, Carl H., 110, 380, 382

GOCO plants, 370, 373-74

Göttingen, Germany, 289

Goldschmidt, Bertrand, 249-50

Goudsmit, Samuel A., 285-86, 290

Grafton, Capt. James F., 68, 186, 201

Graham’s Law, 152

Grand Coulee Dam, Wash., 110, 379n, 381, 392

Grand Junction, Colo., 308, 595

Grant County, Wash., 110, 332

Graves, George, 199

Great Bear Lake, Canada, 8, 311-12

Great Britain

proposed international control measures, 564-67, 570-73

raw materials acquisition, 295-96, 303-06

See also British scientists; Anglo-American collaboration.

Great Northern Railroad, 407

Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Colo., 478n Green, William, 373

Green salt, processing of, 315-16

Greenewalt, Crawford H.

pile process, 195, 199, 203-05, 221-22

plutonium project, 100-101, 104, 112

Greenglass, David, 266

Gross, Maj. Gen. Charles P., 80

Groves, Maj. Gen. Leslie R., 41, 55, ‘74n, 79, 103, 427

Alsos mission, 280-89, 291

Anglo-American collaboration, 227, 229-31, 233, 240

bombing of Japan, 519-21, 523-24, 526-27, 533-34, 537n, 538, 541-43

bombing targets, 528-30, 532

CEW community development, 433-34, 443-44

communications and transportation systems, 396, 403-04, 407-08

contract negotiations, 105-07, 166, 443-44, 591-92

destruction of Japanese cyclotrons, 587-88

development of the bomb, 503-04, 506-07, 509-10

electric power procurement, 377, 380-83, 385, 387

electromagnetic process, 118, 125-26, 128-29, 134-36, 138, 145-46

establishment of Los Alamos, 83-87

French repatriated scientists, 249-52

gaseous diffusion plant, 155-57, 159, 165, 171

health programs, 411, 420-21

HEW community development, 453, 455, 457, 461-62

interchange with British, 243-47

liquid thermal diffusion process, 174-78, 180-81

Los Alamos Laboratory administration, 485-86, 489-92, 494-96, 499-501

Los Alamos community, 467, 469, 475

Manhattan Project, organization and funding of, 73-77, 89-90, 115, 588-90

manpower conservation, 364, 370, 372-74, 376

manpower procurement, 347-54, 356, 358, 361-62

Oppenheimer security clearance, 261-62

ore exploration and joint control of, 293, 296, 298-306

pile process, 188-91, 194, 196-97

plutonium project organization, 96-101

plutonium production, 198, 202-03, 206, 208, 210, 220-23

postwar policy planning, 563, 569, 571-75, 577

press releases, 554-55

priority ratings, 61, 81-82

production operations, postwar, 579-82, 584, 591-95

Project Trinity, 511-17

security systems, 256-58, 260, 263-64, 266-68, 270-72, 274, 277-78

site selection, 47, 69-70, 78-79, 83-88, 108-11, 434

Smyth Report, 556-61

transfer of Manhattan Project to AEC, 597-601

Guam, 524, 534, 538

Guarin, Maj. Paul L., 294, 304-05

Gueron, Jules, 249-50

Gun-assembly method, 489

Gun-type bomb, 504-06, 508-10, 520

Gunn, Ross, 12, 27-28, 172-73

Gunnison Housing, 437

–H–

Hadden, Gavin, 341

Hahn, Otto, 7, 8n, 13, 290

Haigerloch, Germany, 290

Halifax, Lord, 572

Ham, Maj. R. C., 282

Hambro, Sir Charles J., 299-300

Hamilton, J D., 121n

Hamilton Field, Calif., 536, 544

Handy, General Thomas T., 537n, 541

Hanford, Wash., 110, 114-15, 211, 332, 339-41, 391-92, 450-51, 453, 460-62

Hanford Engineer Works, 91, 267, 274, 278

Army-Du Pont administration of, 202-04, 210-12, 214, 216-17

atomic communities, 450-64

communications and transportation at, 394, 396- 99, 401-02, 404-09

electrical power for, 381-82, 387-88, 391-93

health program at, 420, 424

labor shortage at, 214, 216, 218, 351-54

labor turnover and absenteeism at, 363-66, 370

land acquisition for, 331-41

plant construction at, 210-18

plant operation at, 219-23, 580-81, 585, 592-93

safety program at, 428-29

work stoppages and union activities at, 370, 375

Happy Valley, CPA’, 442

Harman, Col. John M., 86-87, 328-29, 486-87, 497

Harmon, Lt. Gen. Millard F., 524

Harriman, Tenn., 320

Harrington, Willis, 98

Harrison, Brig. Gen. Eugene L., 290

Harrison, George L., 251, 299, 302

bombing of Japan, 513, 517, 530, 533

postwar planning, 560-61, 568-69, 571

Harshaw Chemical Company, 168, 310, 314, 316

Hart, Thomas C., 577

Harvard University, 27, 590

Hawkins, David, 494n

Health program, 410-12

clinical medicine services, 420-26

industrial medicine research, 416-20

medical research, 414-16

organization of, 412-14

Heavy water (P-9), 11, 23, 29, 34-35, 51

British interchange on, 229, 231, 235

and Canadian project, 246-47

as a coolant, 190-91

production of, 58-59, 61, 66-67, 72

research, 196-97

Hechingen, Germany, 287, 290

Heisenberg, Werner, 8n, 290-91

Helium, 312-13

Hempelman, Louis H., 416-17

Hercules Powder Company, 508

Hernandez, Clinton N., 446

Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 577

Bilberry, Norman, 98, 103, 113-14, 200, 222

Hill, Capt. Thomas B., 526

Hirohito, Emperor, 542

Hiroshima, Japan, 537-38

bombing of, 537-38

survey teams at, 544-45, 548

Hitler, Adolf, 280

Hoberg, Maj. Henry G., 446

Hodgson, Lt. Col. John S., 137, 139, 447

Holmes, Hal, 336

Hooker Electrochemical Company, 166, 310, 314, 371

Hooper, Rear Adm. Stanford C., 12

Hoover Darn, Ariz., 110

Hoover, Comdr. Gilbert C., 20-22, 24

Hopkins, Harry, 233-37

Horb, Germany, 290

Houdaille-Hershey Corporation, 156-57, 160, 371

Hough, Maj. Benjamin K., Jr., 127, 150

House committees. See U.S. Congress, House of Representatives.

Housing

at Clinton Engineer Works, 435-42

at Hanford Engineer Works, 455, 457-60, 462

at Los Alamos, 468-71, 475, 477

Howard, Nathaniel R., 278

Howe, Clarence D., 241-42

Hubbard, Jack M., 515

Huffman, J. R., 247

Hughes, Arthur L., 492

Hull, Cordell, 297

Hull, Lt. Gen. John E., 519n Hutchins, Robert Maynard, 115

Hyde Park

aide-mémoire, 565-66, 570

summit meetings, 227-28, 241, 564-65

–I–

Implosion bomb, 489, 504, 506-10, 512, 516-17, 519-21

Imrie, Capt. Mathew, 476

Indianapolis, 536

Industrial hazards, 416-19

Industrial Personnel Division, ASF, 348, 351

Institute for Physical and Chemical Research, Tokyo, 586

Insurance program, 430-31

Interchange, Anglo-American. See Anglo-American collaboration.

Interchemical Corporation, 151

Interim Committee

composition and function of, 530-33

postwar legislation on atomic energy, 90n, 568, 574, 576

press releases, 538, 554-56

scientific panel, 531-33, 576

International Association of Chiefs of Police, 428

International Association of Machinists, 374

International Association of Plumbers and Pipe Fitters, 354

International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, 372, 374

International Brotherhood of Firemen and Oilers, 372, 374

International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 459

International Nickel Company, 154n, 156

Interstate Commerce Commission, 407, 459

Interstate Roofing Company, 160

Inyokern, Calif., 507

Iowa State College, 27, 64, 193, 316-18, 343, 487, 505

Ismay, Lt. Gen. Sir Hastings L., 284

Isotopes, 5, 8-11, 23, 28-29, 32-33

Iwo Jima, 526, 535-36

–J–

Japan

bombing of Hiroshima, 537-38

bombing of Nagasaki, 538

surrender of, 541-42

–K–

k factor, 190-92

Kadlec, Lt. Col. H. R., 203

Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Berlin, Germany, 12, 287-88

Kapitza, Peter, 564n

Keith, Percival C.

Anglo-American collaboration, 233, 243

gaseous diffusion plant, 151, 156, 165, 170-71

Kellex Corporation

barrier R & D, 154-57

gaseous diffusion plant

design of, 106, 150-51, 153, 158-59, 170, 383

construction of, 160-63, 165-66

Kelley, Maj. Wilbur E., 132, 141, 146-47

Kellogg, M. W., Company, 49, 51, 102, 106, 150-51

Kelly, Joseph A., 312-13

Kennewick, Wash., 456, 460

Kinetic Chemicals, 314

King, Admiral Ernest J., 526, 534

King, William Lyon Mackenzie, 235, 570

Kingston, Tenn., 78, 326

Kingston Demolition Range (Clinton Engineer Works), 78, 319

Kirkpatrick, Col. Elmer E., Jr., 526-27, 534, 536, 540, 542, 595

Kirtland Field, N.Mex., 408 , 581

Kistiakowsky, George B., 350, 506, 511

Klein, August C., 53, 127, 136

Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, 592

Knoxville Airport, Tenn., 408

Kobe, Japan, 528

Kokura Arsenal, Japan, 529, 536, 538

Kolm, 305

Kowarski, Lew, 8n, 66, 249

Krug, J. A., 385, 387

Kruger, Willard C., and Associates, 466-68

Kyle, Col. William H., 274, 560

Kyoto, Japan, 529-30

Kyoto Imperial University, Japan, 586

–L–

Lancaster (British aircraft), 510n, 520

Land acquisition

Clinton Engineer Works, 319-22

Congressional investigation of, 325-27

cost of, 327-28

local opposition to, 322-24

Hanford Engineer Works, 331-33

condemnation trials for, 336-42

cost of 342

local opposition to, 334-36

Los Alamos, 328-31

other sites, 342-43

Landrum, C. U., 339

Lansdale, Col. John, Jr., 298, 306

counterintelligence system, 255, 257, 263

Operation HARBORAGE, 289, 341

Lanthanum fluoride, 193-94

L’Arcouest, France, 286

Latimer, W. M., 121n Lattice pile, 28, 30

Laurence, William L., 514, 554-55

Lavender, Capt., Robert A., 248

Lawrence, Ernest 0., 28, 30, 38, 44, 66, 514, 531, 583, 589

electromagnetic process, 34-35, 47, 52-53, 70, 118-21, 123, 125, 128-29, 138

Los Alamos site selection, 84-85, 87

pile process, 99-101

Leahy, Admiral William D., 561, 564, 565n, 566

Lee, Frank G., 299

Lee, Rear Adm. Willis A., Jr., 44, 77

Leith, Charles K., 299

LeMay, Maj. Gen. Curtis, 526, 534, 536

Lewis, Warren K., 563, 589

liquid thermal diffusion process, 174-77

plutonium project, 101, 197, 490

Lewis reviewing committee, 101-02, 104-05, 117, 149, 174

Lilienthal, David E., 381, 386, 574, 597-99

Lincoln, Brig. Gen. George A., 519n

Lindau, Germany, 289

Linde Air Products Company, 151, 160, 310, 314-16. See also Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation.

Liquid thermal diffusion (S-50) process, 31n, 36

full-scale development of, 174-78

Navy R & D on, 149n, 172-75, 177-78

plant construction, 179-80

plant design, 178-79

plant operation, 180-83, 580

Littell, Norman M., 336-41

“Little Boy,” 522, 535-38. See also “Thin Man.”

Llewellin, Col. John J., 241-43, 305

Lockhart, Jack, 554

Los Alamos Laboratory

accidents at, 420n

administrative organization, 491-93

atomic communities, 465-81

censorship at, 278-79

communications and transportation at, 395-98, 400-401, 404, 408

electrical power for, 385, 388

espionage at, 265-66

Groves’ efforts at, 485-86, 500-501

health and safety programs at, 416-17, 419-20, 424-26, 428-29

interchange with British scientists, 231, 245

land acquisition for, 328-31

manpower recruitment for, 347-48, 353, 358, 487, 501-02

post administration, 496-502

postwar operations, 580-82, 585, 593-94

site selection for, 82-88, 478

special reviewing committee, 490-91

technical organization, 493-96

weapon construction at, 507-10

weapon design at, 503-07

weapon planning at, 488-91

weapon testing at, 511-18

Los Alamos Ranch School for Boys, 84, 329, 465-66, 472

Lotz, John R., 55-56, 69

Louisville and Nashville Railroad, 397, 404-05, 433

Ludwigshafen, Germany, 288

–M–

MacArthur, General Douglas, 530, 534, 543-44, 587-88

Mackenzie, C. J., 232, 235, 243, 246-47

Maddy, James R., 426-27, 429

Mahon, George H., 274

Maizuru, Japan, 528

Makins, Roger, 560-61, 571-72

Mallinckrodt, Edward, 62

Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, 62, 64, 310, 315-17

Manhattan (code name for American atomic project), 43-44

Manhattan District, 40-41, 80, 595

administrative organization, 88-91, 256-59, 308, 346-47, 412-13, 420, 437-38

and the AEC, 596-97, 600n

area offices. See Engineers offices.

deferment policies, 367-69

establishment of, 41-46

labor relations activities, 363-66, 370-75

and plant operations, 142-43, 150-51, 160, 166

Oak Ridge community development, 434-40, 443, 445-46

Production Control Committee, 169

relations with Los Alamos, 468-69, 477

report on bombing effects, 545-46

security systems, 254-59, 274-77, 279

Manhattan Project

and atomic energy legislation, 574-78

and the bombing of Japan, 521-23, 543-47, 550

end of, 599-600

funding for, 115-16, 272-74, 590

major installations. See Clinton Engineer Works; Hanford Engineer Works; Los Alamos Laboratory.

organization of, 88-92, 588-90

origins of, 19-39

policymaking bodies. See Interim Committee; Military Policy Committee; Top Policy Group.

postwar operations, 580-85, 588-96

priority ratings for, 80-82

public relations program, 553-62

Soviet interest in, 265-66, 564

Manley, John H., 527, 594

Manpower conservation, 375-76

labor turnover, 363-66

procedures for grievance hearings, 374-75

security, 366-67, 369, 371-72

Selective Service System, 366-69

union activities and work stoppages, 369-76

Manpower procurement, 344-45, 361-62

of civilian employees, 355-57

of industrial labor, 350-55

of military personnel, 357-61

organization for, 345-48

of scientific and technical personnel, 348-50

Marbury, William L., 568

Mariana Islands, 521, 523

Marks, Herbert S., 380-81, 597-98

Marsden, Lt. Col. E. H., 112, 308n

Marshall, General George C., 42, 98, 273, 580

Alsos mission, 280-81, 289

Anglo-American collaboration, 234, 239-41

atomic energy program, 26, 31, 34, 37, 39, 73-74, 76

bombing of Japan, 524, 528, 534, 541, 543

Marshall, Col. James C., 19, 31n, 39, 55-56, 88n, 115, 255, 307, 356, 426

electromagnetic program, 118, 128, 133

establishment of Manhattan District, 40-42, 45-46

financing of atomic project, 49-50, 56-57

Oak Ridge community development, 434-35

plutonium program, 96, 113, 185, 194, 205

priority ratings, 57, 59, 61

research and development, 50, 52-53

site selection, 47, 68-70, 78, 434

Martin, Joseph W., Jr., 273

Martyn, John W., 587

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 64, 308, 314, 317-18, 487, 590

Materiel Squadron, 1027th, 521

Matthias, Lt. Col. Franklin T., 276, 375

Hanford Engineer Works

community development, 452-55, 457-60

electrical distribution system, 391-93

land acquisition, 110, 333-34, 336-38, 342

transportation, 405-06, 409

plutonium project, 201-02, 210-21

May, Andrew J., 325, 575

May-Johnson bill, 575-77

McCloy, John J., 378, 567, 573

McCormack, John W., 273

McGrady, Edward, 374

McKee, Robert E., 371, 469, 471, 498

McKellar, Kenneth D., 595

McLeod, Capt. Robert J., 256, 258

McMahon, Brien, 576-77

McMahon bill (Atomic Energy Act of 1946), 577-78

McManama and Company, 455

McMillan, Edwin M., 8n, 84, 100

McNarney, Lt. Gen. Joseph T., 285

McNeil Island Penitentiary, Wash., 334

Mead, James M., 335n

Mead Committee. See U.S. Congress, Senate. Medical Corps, 413, 416, 422, 425, 544

Meitner, Lise, 7, 290

Menke, Capt. Bernard W., 258

Merritt, Capt. Phillip L., 80, 307

Metal Hydrides. Inc., 62, 64, 310, 316-17

Metallurgical Laboratory, 47, 342, 347, 350, 385, 487, 576

chain reaction, 102-03

Du Pont collaboration, 194-97, 452, 454

espionage at, 265

feed materials processing, 313, 317-18

health programs, 410n, 415, 419n

pile design and engineering, 185-93

plutonium program, 35-36, 52, 65-66, 72, 86, 95-101, 113, 510, 583, 590, 592

See also Metallurgical Project; University of Chicago.

Metallurgical Project, 371, 563, 590

Council, 204

Du Pont collaboration, 203-04

plutonium program, 199-200

transfer of physicists, 501

See also Argonne Laboratory; Clinton Laboratories; Metallurgical Laboratory.

Metals Reserve Corporation, 311

Middlesex, N.J., 80

Miles, J. B., 204

Military Advisory Board, 589

Military Appropriations Act of 1944, 116

Military Intelligence Service, WD, 255

Military Liaison Committee, AEC, 578, 597-98

Military Police Company (Aviation), 1395th, 521

Military Policy Committee, 77, 80, 266, 293, 557, 580

administration of Manhattan Project, 89, 115, 589

Anglo-American collaboration, 227, 231-32, 234-35, 242-43, 245

bombing mission, 524-526

Hanford land acquisition, 335-37

implosion program, 507-08, 510n

Los Alamos, 87, 494

plutonium project, 99, 105-07, 109, 184-85, 191, 194, 198, 203

postwar policy on atomic energy, 563

production methods, 117, 139

raw materials, 293, 295-96

Millikin, Eugene D., 577

Mills, Rear Adm. Earle W., 563

Mitchell, Dana P., 492

Mohler, Fred L., 21

Monsanto Chemical Company, 210, 508, 544, 591

Moore, Lacey, 406

Moore, Thomas V., 185

Moran, Maj. John J., 166

Morgan, J. E., and Sons, 469, 471

Morgantown Ordnance Works, W.Va., 107-08, 191, 343

Morgenthau, Henry, 67, 302

Morrison-Knudsen Company, 371

Moses, Brig. Gen. Raymond G., 44

Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Company, 395-96

Munnecke, Wilbur C., 200

Muroc Army Air Field, Calif., 508, 520

Murphree, Eger V., 34, 36, 38, 44, 51, 101

heavy water program, 197

liquid thermal diffusion process, 174-77

Murray, Philip, 373

–N–

Nagaoka, Japan, 528

Nagasaki, Japan, 530, 536

bombing of, 538, 540-41

survey teams at, 544-46, 548

Nash Building, 150-51, 155

National Academy of Sciences, 30, 32-33

National Bureau of Standards, 21, 23-24, 27, 62, 64-65, 173, 308, 316-18, 419n, 487

National Carbon Company, 65-66, 313

National Defense Research Committee, 26-31, 3334, 254, 490, 505

National Electrical Contractors Association, 354

National Homes, 437

National Labor Relations Board, 345, 372-73

National laboratories, 590-91

National Research Council, 253, 345

National Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel, 358, 492

National Safety Council, 428-30

National War Labor Board, 355, 364, 372

Naval Construction Brigade, 6th, 524

Naval Depot, Yorktown, Va., 508

Naval Gun Factory, Wash., D.C., 505-08

Naval Ordnance Plant, Centerline, Mich., 508

Naval Proving Ground, Dahlgren, Va., 508

Naval Research Laboratory, 12-13, 22, 24, 3ln, 173-74

Naval Technical Mission to Japan, 545

Neddermeyer, Seth H., 506

Nelson, Lt. Col. Curtis A., 501

Nelson, Donald, 59, 81, 381

Neptunium, 28

Netherlands East Indies, 306

Newman, Brig. Gen. James B., Jr., 544

Newman, James R., 577

New Mexico Power Company, 331n, 388

Newton, Isaac, 3

New War Department Building, 42, 89, 597

Nichols, Col. Kenneth D., 42, 46-47, 53, 55, 88, 380, 509, 543

Anglo-American collaboration, 233, 241

electromagnetic construction, 133-36, 139, 146

feed materials program, 307-08

gaseous diffusion plant, 160, 169

Hanford production plant, 109, 218, 220, 592

liquid thermal diffusion process, 174, 177-78, 182

manpower conservation, 369, 374

Oak Ridge community development, 437, 443-44

plutonium project, 98, 112-14, 185, 194, 202, 209

postwar commitments, 588-89

priority ratings, 57-60

reorganization of atomic project, 75-76

security system, 258

silver procurement, 66-67

site selection, 68, 71

Smyth Report, 559-60

transfer of Manhattan Project to AEC, 598-600

uranium procurement, 62, 65, 79, 292, 295

weapon stockpiling, postwar, 593-94

Nickel barrier, 154-57

Nickel chromium, 312

Nier, Afred O., 10

Niigata, Japan, 529, 540

Niihama, Japan, 528

Nimitz, Admiral Chester W., 524, 526, 535

Nitrogen, 4, 133

Nolan, Capt. James F., 420, 425-26, 536

Norris, Edward, 154-57

Norris Dam, Tenn., 390-91

Norsk Hydro plant, Rjukan, Norway, 23, 66, 280

Norstad, Brig. Gen. Lauris, 524, 528

Northern Pacific Railroad, 405, 407, 460

Norton, William J., 126

–O–

Oak Ridge, Tenn., 79, 88, 201, 361, 382, 389-91, 421-23, 427-30, 435-40, 443-44, 448

Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, 591

O’Brien, Col. John J., 78, 110, 324

OCTAGON Conference, 564

O’Driscoll and Grove, 437

Office of Censorship, 278-79, 514, 554

Office of Defense Transportation, 404-05, 407-08, 459

Office of Naval Intelligence, 255, 280

Office of Scientific Research and Development, 28, 36-37, 39, 254

Army collaboration, 46-50, 66-67, 69, 71-72

Committee on Scientific Personnel, 345, 349

electromagnetic program, 118, 119n, 120-21

health and safety measures, 410-11

and the Manhattan District, 40, 44-47, 49

materials procurement, 292, 307, 315-16

S-1 Executive Committee, 77-81

Anglo-American relations, 228-30

electromagnetic process, 117, 126

gaseous diffusion process, 51

liquid thermal diffusion process, 174-75

Manhattan Project administration, 71-72, 8990

organization of, 44-46

plutonium project, 52-53, 96-97, 101, 107

procurement, 58-59, 65-66

S-1 Section, 33-35, 44, 62, 292

Office of Strategic Services, 280

Office of the Surgeon General, 412, 422

Office of War Utilities. See Power Division, WPB.

Ohio State University, 151

Ohly, John H., 373

Okinawa, 541

O’Leary, Jean, 89

Oliphant, Marcus L. E., 124, 147, 242n, 243, 245

Olympic Commissary Company, 461

O’Meara, Capt. Paul E., 435, 437

Omura Naval Hospital, Japan, 544

Oolen, Belgium, 25

Operation CROSSROADS, 594

Operation HARBORAGE, 289-90

Operation PEPPERMINT, 284-85

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 52, 71, 271, 574

decision to use the bomb, 531-32

electromagnetic process, 128

implosion bomb design, 503, 506-07, 509-15

liquid thermal diffusion process, 175-76

Los Alamos Laboratory

establishment of, 82-84, 86-88

organization of, 491-96, 499-500

postwar personnel attrition, 581-82

recruiting of scientists, 347, 350

weapon planning, 488-91

Los Alamos operating community, 466-67, 475, 481

Radiation Laboratory espionage reports, 264

security clearance for, 261-62

Orange oxide, processing of, 315

Oranienburg, Germany, 287-88

Ordnance Department, 23-24, 108, 495

Osaka Imperial University, Japan, 586

Pacific and National Hut, 470

Pacific Power and Light Company, 381-82, 391-93, 451

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company, 394, 396

Page, Arthur, 554-55

Pajarito Plateau, N.Mex., 465, 478

Parsons, Lt, Col. William B., 258

Parsons, Rear Adm. William S., 499, 501, 598

bomb development, 504, 506, 508

liquid thermal diffusion process, 175

preparations for atomic bombing, 521, 527, 535-38

Pasco, Wash., 110, 405-06, 456, 460

Pash, Lt. Col. Boris T., 261-62, 281-82, 286, 288-90

Patent rights, 247-48

Patterson, Robert P., 74, 78, 111, 302, 354-55, 374, 584, 597, 600

electric power requirements, 381, 386-87

land acquisition, 319, 325, 331, 338, 340

Manhattan Project appropriations, 273-74

postwar atomic policy, 570-71, 575, 577

Patterson-Brown Plan, 354

Peabody, A. 0., 398

Pearson. Lester B., 571

Pegram, George B., 8n, 12, 24-25, 34-35, 44

Pehrson, G. A., 457-58

Peierls, Sir Rudolph E., 8n, 242n, 243, 245

Penn Salt, 314

Penney, William G., 528

Personnel

for Alsos mission, 281, 285-86

attrition, postwar, 581-85

for Clinton laboratories, 208

for electromagnetic plant, 141-42

for gaseous diffusion plant, 151, 166-67

for Hanford production plant, 214, 218-19

for Los Alamos, 487, 492-93, 497-98, 501-02

for Manhattan District security force. 258

medical, 412-14, 422, 425

See also Manpower conservation; Manpower procurement.

Persons, Brig. Gen. William B., 337

Peterson, Maj. Arthur V., 114, 188, 194, 196-97, 201-02, 208-09, 283-84

Philadelphia Navy Yard, 175-76, 594

Physical Review, 14

Pierce Foundation, John B., 435

Pike, Sumner T., 597-98

Pile (X-10) process, 184-85, 419

Army-Du Pont administration, 202-04

chemical separation process design, 193-94

Clinton Laboratories

plant construction, 205-08

plant operation, 208-10, 583, 591, 594

design and engineering for, 184, 187-94

Du Pont-Metallurgical Laboratory collaboration, 194-98

Pile (X-10) process-Continued

Hanford Engineer Works

plant construction, 212-18

plant operation, 219-23, 581, 585, 592-93

research and development, 51-52, 99, 102-05, 184-85

Plutonium (Pu-238, -240), 28-30, 32-34, 36, 38, 99, 283, 488-90, 504-05, 508-09, 514

Pond, Ashley, 465

Port Hope, Ontario, 62, 64, 79-80, 313-14

Port Richmond, N.Y., 65

Postwar Policy Committee, 563-64

Potsdam Conference, 555

Potsdam Declaration, 541

Power Division, WPB, 380, 382, 384, 387-88, 597

Prefabricated Engineering Company, 458-59

Press releases. See Manhattan Project, public relations program.

Price, Byron, 278

Priest Rapids Branch. See Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad.

Priestly, Kenneth, 123

Princeton University, 8, 27-28, 47, 52, 590

harrier corrosion research, 151, 154

feed materials research, 308, 317-18

Priority ratings

for labor, 352-53

for tools and materials, 80-82

for weapon development, 50, 57-61

Prisoner-of-war camps, 537, 547

Procurement, 130-33, 206, 217, 455, 486, 491, 499-500

of copper, 61, 66

of electric power and equipment, 377-80, 393

of feed materials, 310-14

of graphite, 22-23, 61, 65-66, 312-13

of heavy water, 61, 66

of raw materials. See Raw materials program. of silver, 66-67, 133

of thorium ore, 292-95, 300, 303, 305-07

of uranium ore, 62, 64-65, 79-80, 286-87, 292-95, 300, 303, 310-11

Procurement and Assignment Service, 413

Project Alberta, 496, 542

Project Camel, 499, 501, 510

Project Trinity, 496, 503, 581n

bomb test, 514-19

establishment of base camp, 478-81

origin of code name, 465n

preparations for, 511-14

“Prospectus on Nucleonics,” 563

Provisional Engineer Detachment, 469, 473-74, 497-98, 502, 507

Public Roads Administration, 403-04

Pumps, design of, 157-58

“Pumpkins.” 511

Purdue University, 86, 119n, 126, 145, 314, 487

Purnell, Rear Adm. William R., 77, 174, 350, 524, 526, 534

–Q–

QUADRANT Conference, 240-41

Quebec Agreement, 241-42, 245, 247, 249

British proposed revision of, 570-72

uranium resources, 296n, 299n

–R–

Rabi, Isidor L, 488

Racetracks. See Alpha racetracks; Beta racetracks.

Radiation, 3-4, 415-16

Radiation Laboratory, 35, 125, 343, 411n

espionage at, 261, 263-65

research and development, 120-26, 128-29, 138, 141-42, 583

See also University of California (Berkeley). Radioactive lead, 312-13

Radioactive warfare, 283-84

Radioactivity, 543-44, 547, 562n

Radium, 8, 25, 312-13

Radium Chemical Company, 312

Railroads, 404-08

Ramsey, Norman F., 349

Raw materials program

acquisition in foreign areas, 299-306

international ore exploration, 292-95

joint control of Congo ore, 295-97

Rayburn, Sam, 273-74

Rea, Lt. Col. Charles E., 420

Read, Granville M., 199, 203

Reader’s Digest, 548

Real estate branches

Corps of Engineers, 70, 78, 324, 331, 340, 342

Ohio River Division, 70, 320-21, 404

Pacific Division, 331-34

Southwestern Division, 328, 331

Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 311n

Redox solvent extraction process, 593n

Reybold, Maj. Gen. Eugene, 19, 40, 42-43, 55, 75, 115, 319, 326

Rice, Calif., 478n

Richards, Maj. Gen. George J., 273

Richland, Wash., 110, 212, 332-33, 392, 401, 406, 428, 430, 450-51, 456-60, 462-64

Rickover, Capt. (USN) Hyman G., 596n

Rjukan (Norway) plant, 280. See also Norsk Hydro plant.

Road systems, 400-404

Roane-Anderson Company, 371, 427

Oak Ridge community administration, 444-47

operation of CEW communications and transportation, 397-98, 401, 404

Roane County, Tenn., 70, 78, 320, 326, 403

Roberts, Richard B., 21

Robins, Brig. Gen. Thomas M., 41-42, 55, 70, 77, 110

Roentgen, Wilhelm, 4

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 73, 80, 98, 115, 197

Anglo-American collaboration, 31-32, 46, 228-29, 232-33, 236-38, 240, 251

approved briefing congressional leaders, 272-73

control of Congo ore deposits, 297-300

government support of atomic energy program, 13-15, 19, 26, 28, 31-32, 39

Hanford land acquisition, 335-36

Los Alamos security, 494

Navy exclusion from atomic program, 31, 174

postwar planning, 564-66

Quebec Agreement, 241-42

Rose, Edwin L., 490

Rosenberg, Ethel and Julius, 265

Rossell, Maj. Paul F., 438

Rowe, Hartley, 496

Royall, Brig. Gen. Kenneth C., 568-69

Royall-Marbury draft bill, 568-69, 574-75

Ruhoff, Lt. Col. John R., 146, 589

feed materials program, 307-08, 311

uranium procurement, 64-65, 79

Russell, Richard B., 577

Rutherford, Ernest, 4-6

–S–

S (Sawmill) site, 507

S-1 Executive Committee. See Office of Scientific Research and Development.

S-1 Section. See Office of Scientific Research and Development.

Sabotage, measures against, 266-67

Sachs, Alexander

Congo ore acquisition, 24-25

government support of atomic program, 13-15, 19-24, 26, 28

Safety program

insurance plans, 430-31

occupational and community aspects, 428-30

organization of, 426-28

Salton Sea Naval Air Station, Calif., 521

SAM (Special Alloyed Materials) Laboratories, 150, 153-54, 156, 167, 343

Sandia Base, N.Mex., 581, 585, 594, 599

San Luis Valley, Colo., 478n San Nicolas Island, Calif., 478n

Sapper, Maj. William L., 112, 201-03

Schulman Electrical Company, A. S., 389

Schult Trailers, 437

Schwellenbach, Judge Lewis B., 331, 337, 339-40, 342

Seaborg, Glenn, 99, 173, 185

Secrecy, 26, 44-45, 56

Security

bodyguards, 267-68

censorship, 277-79

Clinton Engineer Works, 447

communications, 395-97

compartmentalization policy, 268-72

counterintelligence program, 255-57, 259-63

espionage activities, 263-66

French repatriated scientists, 249, 252

Hanford Engineer Works, 461, 463

informing Congress, 272-74

Los Alamos, 474, 480, 491-92, 494-95, 513-14, 517

measures against sabotage, 266-67

organization and administration of, 254-59, 274-76

Selective Service System, 344, 346, 366-69, 376

Senate committees. See U.S. Congress, Senate. Seneca Ordnance Depot, N.Y., 80

Sengier, Edgar, 25, 64-65, 79-80, 292, 295, 300

Separation methods, 9-11, 21, 23, 28-30, 34-37, 193-94. See also by process names.

Service Commands

4th, 395-96

6th, 358

8th, 358, 361, 474, 497, 502

9th, 396, 408

Service Command Unit, 4817th, 361, 474

Services of Supply, 19, 40, 57, 116n, 358, 486. See also Army Service Forces.

Shane, Charles D., 492-93

Shasta Dam, Calif., 70, 110

Shekerjian, Lt. Col. Haig, 20

Shinkolobwe mine, Belgian Congo, 8, 25, 64, 295-96, 300

Short, Dewey, 325

Shurcliff, William S., 558

Signal Corps, 377, 395-96, 544

Silver Spring, Md., 508

Simon, Sir Francis E., 242n, 243

Site selection

Chalk River pilot plant, 246-47

Clinton Engineer Works, 78-79, 435-40, 450-51

Hanford Engineer Works, 108-11.

Los Alamos Laboratory, 82-88, 478

other installations, 46-49, 65-71

Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, 435-36, 438-39, 441

Slotin, Louis, 420n

Smith, Harold D., 34

Smith, Hoffman, and Wright, 458

Smith, Lincoln G., 558

Smith, Capt. Ralph C., 500

Smith, Lt. Gen. Walter Bedell, 284

Smyth, Henry D., 196, 556-63

Smyth Report, 556-61

Snyder, J. Buell, 274

Sobell, Morton, 265

Soda salt, processing of, 314-15

Solberg, Rear Adm. Thorvald A., 563, 598

Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B., 116, 338, 348

establishment of Manhattan District, 42-43

organization of atomic energy program, 74-75, 77

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company, 396-97

Southern Railway, 320n, 397, 404, 433

Soviet Union

espionage activities, 265-66

postwar atomic explosion, 566n

proposed atomic relations with, 564, 570

Spaak, Paul H., 300

Spaatz, General Carl A., 288, 537n

Sparkman, John, 325

Special Engineer Detachment, 141, 151, 166, 180-81, 208, 349, 358-59, 367, 469, 497-98, 502, 507

Special Engineer Detachment (Provisional), 13th, 258

Spedding, Frank H., 145, 185

Speer, Albert, 291

Speer Carbon Company, 65-66, 313

Spokane Army Air Field, Wash., 409

Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railroad, 405, 407

Spokesman-Review (Spokane, Wash.), 279

Sproul, Robert G., 126

Stadtilm, Germany, 288-89

Standard Oil Development Company, 27, 36, 51, 65, 79, 96

Stanford University, 487

Stark, Admiral Harold R., 26

Staten Island cache, 64-65, 79-80, 292

Stearns, Joyce C., 528

Steel, procurement of, 61, 218

Steel-bomb process, 64

Stettinius, Edward R., Jr., 306

Stevens, Maj. Wilber A., 500, 507

Stewart, Irvin, 44

Stewart, Lt. Col. Stanley L., 499, 501

Stewart, Tom, 595

Stagg Field, University of Chicago, 103, 194

Stassfurt, Germany, 287

State, County, and Municipal Workers of America, 371

Stimson, Henry L., 67, 98, 126, 580

Alsos mission, 280, 289

Anglo-American collaboration, 229, 232, 234, 237-40, 251

atomic energy program, 39, 73, 77

bombing of Japan, 529-30, 532, 537n, 541, 545

briefing congressional leaders, 573-74

Combined Policy Committee, 241-42

deferments, 367-68

establishment of Manhattan District, 45-46

Hanford land acquisition, 335-37

joint control of Congo uranium, 296-98, 300, 302

manpower recruitment, 349, 353-54, 357

postwar planning, 565-68, 570

press release on bombing, 553, 556

priority ratings, 61

Project Trinity, 517-18

Smyth Report, 560-61

Top Policy Group, 31, 33-34

Stine, Charles, 98, 100

Stone, Robert S., 200, 410n, 411, 415

Stone and Webster Engineering Corporation, 42, 49, 52, 68-71, 79, 185, 428n

acquisition of feed materials, 307, 311

as an AEM, 55-56, 59, 61, 95-97, 99, 106-07

CEW communications and transportation, 396, 398, 404

CEW housing construction, 433-37, 439, 441, 443

electromagnetic plant

construction of, 130, 132-37, 139, 389-90

design and engineering of, 124, 126-29

Stowers, Lt. Col. James C., 151, 156, 160, 166

Strasbourg, France, 287, 290

Strassmann, Fritz, 7, 8n, 290

Strauss, Lewis L., 597

Strong, Maj. Gen. George V., 26, 255-56, 277, 280-81

Styer, Maj. Gen. Wilhelm D., 19, 37-38, 46, 59, 206, 381

Combined Policy Committee, 242-43

establishment of Manhattan District, 40, 42-43,45

foreign ore acquisition, 300

manpower procurement, 350, 354, 356

reorganization of atomic energy program, 74-77, 81-82

Sundt Company, M. M., 398, 466, 468-69, 474

Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, 289-90

Surplus property, 595

Suzuki, Kantaro, 542

Swanson, Maj. Melvin 0., 438

Sweeney, Maj. Charles W., 540

Syracuse District, 19, 42, 356

Szilard, Leo, 8n, 10-11, 190

compartmentalization policy, 270-71

development of atomic energy program, 24, 26

efforts to secure U.S. government support, 12-14

uranium-graphite system, 11, 21-22

–T–

Taber, Rep. John, 274

Tailfingen, Germany, 290

Taranto, Italy, 281

Taylor, Hugh S., 47, 49

Taylor, Capt. Thomas W., 438

Technical Detachment, 1st, 521, 527, 535, 542

Technical Service Unit, 9812th, 361, 497-98

Teller, Edward, 8n, 11, 13, 271, 503n

development of atomic energy program, 21-22

Los Alamos weapon program, 487

Tennessee Eastman Corporation, 119n, 126

hazards control program, 418-19

labor relations, 371, 374

operation of electromagnetic plant, 107, 124, 134 140-48, 398

Tennessee Valley, 55, 71, 78-79

Tennessee Valley Authority, 108

electrical power from, 378-83, 386, 389-91

site selection, 46-47, 68-69, 432

“Thin Man,” 508. See also “Little Boy.”

Thomas, Charles A., 210, 509, 514, 574, 589

Thomas, Elmer, 273

Thomas, W. L, 177

Thomson, George P., 8n

Thomson, J. J., 4

Thorium ore. See Procurement, of thorium ore.

Tibbets, Col. Paul W., Jr., 521, 529, 537-38

Tilley, John N., 199

Tinian, 524, 526-27, 536, 538, 540-44

TNX Division. See Du Pont, E. L, de Nemours and Company.

Tojo, General Hideki, 542

Tolman, Richard C., 197, 271, 350, 529, 589

Combined Policy Committee, 242-44

liquid thermal diffusion process, 176-77

Los Alamos weapon program, 490, 503n, 507, 510, 512-14

postwar planning, 558-60, 563, 574

Top Policy Group, 31, 34-35, 45-46, 80, 89, 232, 267, 296

Toyama, Japan, 528

Trail plant, British Columbia, 47, 53, 58-59, 61, 66- 67, 72, 107, 343, 388, 581

Transportation

air, 408-09

Corps, 377, 398-401, 405

motor vehicles, 400-402

organization for, 399-400

problems of, 397-98

railroads, 404-08

road networks, 402-04

Travancore, India, 305-06

Travis, Maj. James E., 203

Traynor, Maj. Harry S., 45n, 297-98

TRIDENT Conference, 235

Trinity. See Project Trinity.

Tripartite Agreement, 300-301

Troop Carrier Squadron, 320th, 521

Truman, Harry S., 337, 518

appointments to AEC, 596-97

bombing of Japan, 533, 541, 556

domestic control of atomic energy, 575-76, 578

future control of the bomb, 569-74

postwar planning, 561-62

Truman-Attlee-King Declaration, 571, 573

Truman Committee. See U.S. Congress, Senate.

Trytten, M. H., 492

Tube Alloys (code name for British atomic project), 99, 228-29, 223, 236, 304, 565, 570

Tularosa valley, N.Mex., 478n

Turner Construction Company, 444

Twaits, Morrison, and Knudsen, 458

Tydings, Millard E., 577

Tyler, Col. Gerald R., 498, 501

–U–

Ube, Japan, 528

Underhill, Robert M., 121-23

Uniform Vehicle Code, 429

Union activities, 369-75

Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, 96, 106, 165, 293. See also Bakelite Corporation; Linde Air Products Company; Union Mines

Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation-Continued Development Corporation; United States Vanadium Corporation.

Union Mines Development Corporation, 293-95, 299n, 303. See also Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation.

Union Miniere du Haut Katanga, 8, 25, 286, 300-301, 310. See also African Metals Corporation. Union Pacific Railroad, 405, 407, 460

United Nations

Article 102 of charter, 571-72

Commission on Atomic Energy, 573-74

United States Army Strategic Air Forces, 288, 530

United States Atomic Energy Commission, 67n, 342, 376, 578, 591, 596-600

United States Bullion Depository, West Point, N.Y., 133

United States Employment Service, 141, 351-53, 366

United States Strategic Bombing Survey, 545, 547-48, 550

United States Vanadium Corporation, 311. See also

Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation.

University of California (Berkeley), 348, 371, 428n, 487, 589

Board of Regents, 120

electromagnetic program, 119-23

Los Alamos prime contractor, 86-87, 467-68, 475, 486-87, 491, 499, 512

nuclear research, 8, 27-28, 52, 83, 185, 193

See also Donner Laboratory; Radiation Laboratory.

University of California (Davis), 119, 123

University of Chicago, 68, 86, 121, 590, 594

nuclear research, 27-28, 52, 83

plutonium program, 185-87, 193-94, 210

plutonium semiworks, 114-15, 398

–V–

Vanadium, 311

Vanadium Corporation of America, 311

Vance, Mai. John E., 306

Vanden Buick, Lt. Col. Charles, 43n, 357, 597-98

Vandenberg, Arthur H., 576-77

Van Fleet, J. R., 293

Van Vleck, John H., 490

Vargas, Getulio, 306

Ventures, Ltd., 299n

Vitro Manufacturing Company, 308, 314

Volcano Islands, 540

Volpe, 1st Lt., Joseph, Jr., 278, 306, 597-98

von Halban, Hans, 8n, 66, 235, 243, 246-47, 249-50

von Neumann, John, 506, 528

–W–

Wabash River Ordnance Works, Ind., 108, 191, 343

Wakayama, Japan, 528

Wallace, Henry A., 31, 34, 39, 46, 234

Wallgren, Mon C., 336-37

Walton, E. T. S., 5-6

War Department Miscellaneous Group, 521

War Manpower Commission, 351-54, 364-65, 370, 461

War Production Board

electric power requirements, 380-83, 387-88, 393

priorities, 57, 353

procurement, 67, 80

Warren, Col. Stafford L., 9ln, 594

bombing survey team, 544, 549-50

health program, 411-15, 421, 425-26

Washington Liaison Office, 81-82, 89, 91, 130, 178, 180n, 310, 349, 377, 380

Washington Post, 279

Watson, Maj. Gen. Edwin M., 19-20, 22-23

Watson, William W., 247

Watts Bar Dam, Tenn., 390

Waymack, William W., 597

Weapon development and testing. See Los Alamos Laboratory.

Weaver, Brig. Gen. Theron D., 60, 81-82

Webster, W. L., 248

Wegener, A. L., 374

Weil, George, 103-04

Weisskopf, Victor, 12

Welsh, Col. Arthur B., 412

Wendover Field, Utah, 507, 521-22, 526-27, 581

Wensel, H. T., 44

Wesson, Maj. Gen. Charles M., 23

Western Defense Command, 261, 263-64

Western Union Company, 397

Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, 62, 64, 124, 129-30, 153

Westinghouse Research Laboratories, 51, 487

West Stands. See Stagg Field, University of California.

Wheeler, John A., 8n, 203, 589

Whitaker, Martin D., 112, 114, 208, 210

White, Wallace H., 273

White Bluffs, Wash., 110, 211-12, 332, 392, 405, 450-51, 456

Wickard, Claude, 329

Wigner, Eugene

nuclear research, 8n, 11, 13, 21-22, 24

pile process, 190, 192, 195-97

Wigner Effect, 592

Williams, Roger, 101, 113-14, 199, 203, 221

Williams, Maj. Walter”, 137

Wilson, Carroll I_ 597-98, 600

Wilson, E. Bright, Jr., 197, 490

Wilson, Robert R., 528

Wilson, Col. Roscoe C., 520-21

Winant, John G., 249-51, 297-98, 300

Winkleman, D. W., Company, 160

Winne, Harry A., 574

Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps, 358

Women’s Army Corps, 277, 357-58, 397, 473

Woolworth Building, 151

Work stoppages and absenteeism, 206, 370-71, 375-76

Wright, Brig. Gen. Boykin C., 298

Württemberg, Germany, 287, 289

–X–

XAX development plant, 134-35, 142

Xenon, 221-22

–Y–

Yakima, Wash., 110, 337-39, 402

Yakima County, Wash., 110

Yaku-shima, Japan, 540

Yale University, 308, 315

Yancey, E. B., 199

Yokkaichi, Japan, 528

Yontan Field, Okinawa, 541

–Z–

Zinn, Walter, 8n

Zirconium oxide, 133