Index
–A–
ABC-1, 32, 43-44, 46, 48, 49, 60n, 61, 65, 67, 76, 157. See also American-British Conversations.
ABC-2, 38-40
ABC-4/CS-1, 101n, 121n, 295-97, 322. See also ARCADIA Conference, British strategy statement.
ABC-22, 43
ABDA Command, 126-29, 130, 147, 150, 165, 171. See also Command, unified for Southwest Pacific. as air theater for U.S. forces, 128
defense and loss of Java, 131-36
Dutch assume command in Java, 135, 164
establishment of, 123-26
and Patch’s task force, 129
plans for air force base in Burma, 136-38
U.S. troop participation in, 128-30, 131-36, 156
Abraham, Lt. Col. W. E. V., 338n
Accra, Gold Coast, 245
Adak, 345
U.S. troop landings at, 356
ADB-2, 76. See also American-Dutch-British conversations.
Adler, Brig. Gen. Elmer E., 333-34
Aeronautics, Navy Bureau of, 208
Africa, 101, 353n. See also North Africa; North Africa, French; West Africa, French; U.S. Army Forces in Central Africa.
ferry route across, 137, 138, 141, 158, 203, 245, 248, 355
land offensive in, 8, 27, 272-73, 276. See also BLACK; GYMNAST; TORCH.
Afrika Korps, 175, 244, 251, 308
Ain el Gazala, 245
Air Corps. See Army Air Corps.
Air Corps Ferrying Command, 208
Air ferry routes, 361
African, 137, 138, 141, 158, 203, 248, 355
Alaska–Siberia, 121, 142-43, 145, 319, 336, 339-46, 357
to China via Siberia, 343n, 345
North Atlantic, 203, 319, 319n, 355, 356
South Pacific, 10, 70-71, 74, 96, 114
to USSR via Basra, 341n
to USSR via polar icecap, 342n
Air Force, Australian. See Royal Australian Air Force.
Air Force, British. See Royal Air Force.
Air Force, German. See German Air Force.
Air Force, Soviet. See Red Air Force.
Air Forces, U.S. See Army Air Forces; First Air Force; Eighth Air Force; Ninth Air Force; Tenth Air Force; Eleventh Air Force; Twelfth Air Force.
Air Groups. See Groups, air combat; Groups, aviation.
Air offensive, 279, 375. See also Strategic bombing.
against Germany, 23-24, 26, 39-40, 41, 44-45, 47, 55, 69, 100, 155, 157, 159, 178-79, 186-87, 194, 231, 234, 242, 269, 280, 295-96, 318-19, 321, 322, 324, 325, 347, 358, 364-66, 376-77, 379, 381
against Germany, conflict with Pacific requirements, 160, 163
against Italy, 377
Air Service Command, 208
Air superiority
in Burma, 374
over Germany, American-British objective, 38, 40, 160
over Germany, prerequisite to ground operations, 61, 178, 181, 185, 186, 221, 234, 243
in Middle East, 320
Air Transport Command, 253
Air War Plans Division
and bombing of Ploesti oil fields, 246n
and committees at ARCADIA Conference, 99
estimate of Victory Program requirements, 59
Airborne troops, 180, 182, 186, 208, 209, 271
Aircraft, 178, 183, 185-86, 194, 219, 221, 260, 270, 273, 279, 287, 296, 298, 302, 304, 311, 320, 324, 331, 333-34, 355-57, 358, 369, 376. See also Bombardment aircraft; Observation aircraft; Pursuit aircraft; Transport aircraft; countries and geographic areas.
allocation to British, 20, 38-40, 189, 200-202, 203, 207, 227, 271, 334
allocation to Soviet Union, 207-10, 231-32, 334-37, 341, 345, 346-48, 380
delivery to Soviet Union, 142, 341-46, 341n, 342n, 347, 357. See also Air ferry routes, Alaska–Siberia. overseas, December 1942, 360-61
policy on allocations, 38-40, 201-02, 207, 227, 334, 336, 345-46, 347-48, 380. See also Arnold-Slessor-Towers agreement.
production, 14, 38, 39, 59-60, 201, 207-08, 209, 249
release at Basra to British, 253
reserve required in theaters, 361
Aircraft carriers
conversion of transports to, 72
Curtin requests British for SWPA, 212-13
delivery of planes to Philippines by, 84-85
Enterprise damaged, 306
Hermes sunk in Indian Ocean, 202
Japanese superiority in, 120, 223, 256, 258
MacArthur requests for SWPA, 213, 215, 259
for Pacific operations, 259-60, 265
Ranger ferries planes for use in India, 203
Ranger loaned to move aircraft to Middle East, 248, 251
for TORCH, 287-88, 290n, 311, 320
Wavell requests for ABDA, 133-35
Air-to-surface-vessel radar, 258
Akyab, 137
British operations against, 373, 375
Alaska, 154, 155, 270-71, 361, 371n, 377. See also Aleutian Islands; North Pacific.
air route to Siberia, 121, 142-43, 145, 319, 336, 339-46, 357
aircraft on hand in, December 1942, 360, 360n
Alcan Highway, 356
Eleventh Air Force reinforcement, 225, 258
establishment of bases in, 61n
54th Fighter Group diverted to. 258
Japanese threat to, 224-25, 257, 356, 371
and Pacific alternative, 271
and planning for operations in Aleutians, 370-71
reinforcement of, 26, 46, 49n, 61, 82, 147n, 156, 200, 218, 257-58, 322n, 356-57, 370-71
security of, 158
strength projected for, 357, 371
strength of U.S. troops, December 1942, 356, 371
Alaska–Hawaii–Panama line, 2
Alaska–Hawaii–Samoa–Australia line, 185, 223
Alcan Highway, 356
Alden, Capt, Charles S., 108n
Aleutian Islands, 371n
American air attacks on, 257, 371
Japanese landings in, 257, 312, 345, 356
Japanese threat to, 224-25, 370, 371
plan for operations in, 258, 312, 312n, 370-72
Algeria, 106, 278, 278n, 285, 286, 2.89, 291
invasion of, 334
plan for landings at, 114, 235, 285, 285n, 286, 287, 289, 291, 292-93, 292n, 293n, 306
Allen, Capt. Archer M. R., 65n
Allied Expeditionary Force, Eisenhower appointed Commander in Chief of, 286-87, 286n
Allied Force Headquarters, 293
Amchitka. See also Aleutian Islands.
American landings on, 372
Japanese landings on, 370
plan for capture of, 370-72
American Military Mission to China, 57
American Volunteer Group, 136-37, 138
American-British Conversations, 32-43, 63, 65, 157. See also ABC-1.
conference delegates, British, 33
conference delegates, U.S., 32-33
Dominion advisers at, 33n
American-Dutch-British conversations, 65-67. See also ADB-1; ADB-2.
Ammunition, 186
for British, 20
for China, 73
for Middle East, 253
shortage of, 17n, 48-49, 71, 224, 318n
Amphibious Force Atlantic Fleet, 315
Amphibious operations, planning for, 112, 194, 261-62
in French North Africa, 315n. See also GYMNAST; TORCH.
in Mediterranean after TORCH, 377
in South Pacific, 258-63, 265. See also Task One.
in Southwest Pacific, 158, 258-63, 265, 367-70. See also Task Two: Task Three.
Amphibious training, 109, 148, 158, 182, 187, 259, 265, 267, 271, 370. See also Atlantic Amphibious Corps.
Army-Navy agreement, 314, 314n
for operations in Aleutians, 370-71
for Southwest Pacific operations, 369
Stark’s proposals on, 49
ANAKIM, 377. See also Burma, planning for offensive in.
Anchorage, Alaska, 258
Andaman Islands, 202
Anders, Lt. Gen. Wladislaw L., 237
Anderson, Maj. Gen. Jonathan W., 27n, 52n
commands Atlantic Amphibious Corps, 315
on entering the war, 53
Anderson, Brig Gen. Orvil A., 360n
Andrews, Lt. Gen. Frank M., 18-19, 169n. 255n
Anglo-American Standardization of Arms Committee, 22-24, 22n
Antiaircraft artillery, shortage of, 71
Antiaircraft artillery units, 180, 191, 355, 356. See also Coast Artillery units.
movement to West Coast, 81
for Philippines, 68
projected for 1942, 351
for reserve and Pacific Island bases, 158, 224n
in Southwest Pacific. 150
Anti-Comintern Pact, 35
Antilles, 61n
Antisubmarine operations, 270, 312n, 356
Antisubmarine ship construction, 193. See also Shipping, construction.
Antwerp, 186
ANZAC Task Force, B-17
squadron diverted to support of 153, 263
ARCADIA Conference, 87, 96, 97-126, 128, 132, 139n, 140n, 143, 147, 152, 166, 175, 201, 205, 217n, 221, 270
agenda for, 97
American preparation for, 97-98
British strategy statement, 99-101, 295-97, 322. See also ABC-4/CS-1.
Declaration of the United Nations, 98
meetings held, 98-99
Archangel, 101, 142, 229, 230, 231, 336
Areas of strategic responsibility, 40n, 170, 176. See also Command.
British, 166-67, 189, 200-201, 331, 355
division of world into, 165-68
Argentia. See Atlantic Conference.
Armored Divisions
1st, 48n, 109n, 191, 250, 313, 317, 354, 358n
2nd, 48n, 249-50, 249n, 285, 313, 315, 316, 354 3rd, 48n, 109n, 313, 316-17, 316n
4th, 48n
British plans for use in Europe, 55, 99-100
for cross-Channel attack, 180, 182-83, 186, 241. See
also BOLERO; ROUNDUP; SLEDGEHAMMER.
for Middle East, 239, 249-50, 249n, 250n, 254, 254n, 281n
for North African operation, 106, 112, 287, 289, 313, 315-17. See also GYMNAST; TORCH.
Armoured Brigade, 7th British, 127, 137
Armstrong, Lt. Col. De Vere P., 378n
Army, Australian. See Australian Divisions.
Army, British. See British units; Eighth Army, British. Army, Chinese. See Chinese Army.
Army, German. See German Army.
Army, Soviet. See Red Army.
Army, U.S.
build-up for offensive operations, 44, 46, 157, 178, 350-53
combat experience, 187
combat readiness, 29, 52, 55-56, 60, 182, 186, 241, 315-18, 362
strength, August 1941, 48
strength, December 1941, 350
strength, December 1942, 350
strength authorized in 1940, 21n
strength authorized in 1942, 195, 350-51. See also Troop Basis, 1942; Victory Program Troop Basis. strength authorized in 1943, 352-53
strength overseas, December 1941, 353
strength overseas, December 1942, 353. See also Deployment of U.S. forces.
strength in World War II, 61n, 353n
ultimate size and composition, 58-59, 61n, 351-53. See also Victory Program.
Army Air Corps, 250, 351. See also Army Air Forces.
doctrine on employment of air power, 132
expansion under ABC-2
agreement, 38-40
plan for airway via Takoradi to Cairo, 40. See also Air ferry routes, African.
plan for ferry route to South Pacific, 70-71. See also Air ferry routes, South Pacific.
planning for operations against Germany, 39-40
planning for use of air forces in Egypt and Turkey, 40
representation on committees and boards, 41n
training program, 38-40
Army Air Forces, 81n, 147, 198, 242. See also Army Air Corps; Arnold, General Henry H.
ABDA area as air theater, 128
aircraft overseas, December 1942, 360-61
Alaska–Siberia ferry route, 121, 142-43, 145, 319, 336, 339-46
allocation of units to Far East, 70
Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 330-36, 344, 345, 348
Arnold-Streett trip to Pacific, 321
AVG, plans for, 138
and AWPD/I, 60n, 70n. See also Victory Program. base in Burma, 136-38. See also Tenth Air Force. and BOLERO forces, 183, 185-86, 196, 241, 271, 322-24, 354
China–Burma–India as air theater, 360
and civil airline transports, 209
Dawson mission, 141
deployment to Alaska, 69, 225, 257-58, 356, 360, 360n
deployment in Atlantic, 38-40, 46, 50-51, 81, 191, 194, 195, 200, 212, 217-18, 270, 271, 273, 308-09, 322-24, 353-55, 356
deployment to CBI, 357
deployment to Middle East, 188, 189, 200-202, 245-49, 250-51, 254, 308, 318-19, 355
deployment in Pacific, 70, 95, 152-56, 158-59, 160-61, 211-12, 218-19, 223-26, 256-57, 263-64,270-71,273,298,299-304,308,320-22, 357-60
deployment in Western Hemisphere, 355-57
diversion of bomber squadron to New Caledonia, 154
diversion of 15
groups from BOLERO, 2131, 296, 300-302, 308, 318, 320-22
doctrine of daylight bombing, 318-19. See also Strategic bombing.
doctrine on employment of air power, 132, 321. 358, 365
Doolittle mission, 139
Drummond-Adler mission, 332-36
Eighth Air Force discontinues operations, 319, 321n
expansion of, 38-40, 201-02, 207, 227, 334, 336, 345-46, 347-48. See also Aircraft, policy on allocations; Arnold-Slessor-Towers agreement.
ferry route to South Pacific, 70-71. See also Air ferry routes, South Pacific.
ferry route to USSR via Basra, 341n
ferry route to USSR via polar icecap, 342n
and GYMNAST forces, 106, 108, 236
land-based air cover for Navy, 154-56, 223, 256, 260
Middle East as air theater, 255, 360
mobile forces for use in South Pacific, 211-12, 218-19, 223-24, 264, 299, 301n, 320
obsolescent planes for China, 141-42
and Pacific alternative, 271
plan for air support of BOLERO, 183
reaction to Japanese landings in Aleutians, 257, 257n, 371
Siberia project, 121, 142-46, 270, 271, 328, 332, 341-46
strategic bombing of Germany, 321, 322, 324, 325, 358, 364-66
strength, August 1941, 48
strength of groups, December 1941, 350
strength of groups, December 1942, 350
strength overseas, December 1942, 353. See also Deployment of U.S. forces.
strength projected for 1942, 350-51. See also Troop
Basis, 1942; Victory Program Troop Basis. 376th Bombardment Group organized, 333
and TORCH forces, 289, 307, 318-22, 318n, 347, 354-55. See also Twelfth Air Force.
training of units, 201-02, 206-07, 208-09, 227, 320, 347, 361, 380.
transport aircraft requirements, 207-09. See also Transport aircraft.
transport route to China, 139, 141, 142, 311
ultimate strength requirement, 59, 352. See also AWPD/1; 273-Group Program; Victory Program.
Army Ground Forces, 225, 304, 339
estimate of forces for BOLERO, 182
Arnold, General Henry H., 24n, 81n, 182, 203, 219, 223, 271, 271n, 282, 284n, 324n, 361n, 363n, 379n, 380, 382
on A-29s in Egypt, 247n
and air forces for Middle East, 227, 248-49, 321
on air forces for North African operation, 112, 303, 321
on air representation on mission to London, 41n
on aircraft allocations to British, 201, 202n, 207. See also Arnold-Slessor-Towers agreement.
on aircraft allocations to USSR, 207-08, 347
and Alaska–Siberia air route, 342n, 343
on American air operations in Siberia, 341-42
on Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 331, 333
at ARCADIA Conference, 99
at Atlantic Conference, 53n
on bombing Germany, 321, 321n, 324, 364-65, 365n
on bombing Japan, 139n
on deployment of air forces to Pacific, 162, 223n, 303, 321
on discontinuance of Eighth Air Force operations, 321n
on dispersion of aircraft in overseas theaters, 361
on establishment of Tenth Air Force in India, 140
inspection of Pacific bases, 321-22
on Maxwell-Brereton command dispute, 255
and mobile air forces for use in South Pacific, 224
orders bombers to Philippines, 85
orders 90th Group to Hawaii, 302
responsibility for orders after Pearl Harbor, 81
and 33rd Pursuit Group for TORCH, 320
on transport planes for USSR, 207-08
trip to London, 1941, 39n, 41n
trip to London, May 1942, 196, 227, 233-34, 248
Arnold-Portal agreement, 201, 201n
Arnold-Portal-Towers agreement. See Arnold-Slessor-Towers agreement.
Arnold-Slessor-Towers agreement, 227, 245, 248-49, 334. See also Aircraft, policy on allocations; Army Air Forces, expansion of.
Aruba, 44
and convoy for Philippines, 84, 88
and defense of Malay Barrier and Philippines, 45
Asmara, 252n
Atlantic, 8, 14, 97, 105, 108-09, 177-78, 192, 240, 273, 276, 291, 301, 303, 309, 313, 315, 319, 322, 325, 367, 376
aircraft carriers required in, 268
area of British-American responsibility, 165-67
British view as theater of primary importance, 34-35
coast of North Africa, plan for landings on, 107, 285, 285n, 287, 287n, 292, 311. See also Casablanca; North Africa, French; GYMNAST; SUPER-GYMNAST; TORCH.
deployment of U.S. forces under ABC-1, 40-43
deployment of U.S. troops in, 49, 49n, 50-51, 96, 147-49, 223n, 270, 322-24, 353-56, 358. See also Deployment of U.S. forces.
leased bases, 21, 21n, 41, 44, 49n, 147n, 148, 353n, 356n
major military effort in, 17, 26-27, 29-30, 38, 60, 67-68, 156-59, 161, 182, 217, 221-22, 238-39, 243-44, 267-68. See also BOLERO; Offensive operations, Europe versus Pacific; Plan Dog; RAINBOW 5.
naval strength in, 270, 310-11, 310n
shipping in Army service, December 1942, 361-62
shipping losses in, 51, 53, 229-30, 238, 265, 312, 312n, 336
Atlantic, Battle of, 308
Atlantic Amphibious Corps, 314, 315. See also Amphibious training.
Atlantic Conference, 53-56, 68, 76, 99n, 103
Attrition, rate of, 231, 313, 361
Japanese landing on, 257
Auchinleck, General Sir Claude, 175, 176, 252
Auckland, 305
Augusta, 53
Aurand, Brig. Gen. Henry S., 144n, 199
Australia, 9, 36, 45n, 151, 153, 194, 205, 259, 377
and ABDA Command, 123-26
advisers at ABC-1 conference, 33n
air base construction in, 96, 302
on air ferry route, 114
air forces transferred to Burma from, 137-38, 140-41
air units allocated to, 149, 152-54, 158-59, 172, 211, 217, 219, 301, 358n
Allied command for forces of, 87
Allied ground force commander, SWPA, officer of, 170-71
and ARCADIA Conference, 98
in area of U.S. strategic responsibility, 165-67
Arnold orders bombers to, 85
authorization for delivery of U.S. aircraft to, 71
AVG bomber crews in, 138
Barnes commands USAFIA, 171
as base for air reinforcement of Java, 131-36, 158
bomber squadron for New Caledonia diverted from, 154
Brett assumes command of U.S. forces in, 135, 164, 170-71
Brett commands Allied air forces in, 171, 171n
and British Joint Staff Mission, 42
Churchill requests U.S. division for, 162-63, 179
Curtin requests reinforcement of, 212-13, 218
and defense of New Caledonia, 115, 211
and defense of Philippines, 69
deployment of troops to New Guinea from, 303
division for operations in SWPA, 369
engineer amphibian brigade for, 369
establishment of base in, 87-96, 98
in Far Eastern strategy, 122
41st Division ordered to, 128-30, 131, 149-50, 158, 162-63, 172
41st Division training in, 303
Japanese threat to, 114, 115, 120, 130-31, 133, 155, 158, 172, 212-15, 217, 219, 219n, 258
MacArthur commands SWPA, 165, 169-73
MacArthur ordered to, 165
MacArthur’s relations with Curtin, 213-15
mobile air forces for use in South Pacific, 211-12, 219, 223-24, 264, 299, 320
and New Guinea campaign, 367
19th Group designated Australian Mobile Air Force, 264n
147th Field Artillery Regiment assigned to, 129, 129n, 150
and Pacific advisory council, 166. See also Pacific War Council.
and Pacific alternative, 271
and Pacific War Council, 217n
Pensacola convoy ordered to, 83-84, 88
planes and ammunition ordered to, 85
reinforcement of, 115-17, 118, 128-30, 131, 147, 148-50, 152-54, 157, 158, 162-64, 172-73, 176, 217, 219, 358n. See also Deployment of U.S. forces
return of divisions from Middle East, 127-28, 130, 152, 162-63, 198, 212-13, 214
Roosevelt directs reinforcement of, 217, 218-19
security of line of communications to, 158, 160-61, 163-64, 185, 189, 211-12, 214, 226, 258, 260, 358 7th Australian Division, proposal to divert to
7th Australian Division ordered to New Guinea, 303
shipping for reinforcement of, 115-18, 152, 155, 167, 179, 281, 304, 305
and Singapore ADB conference, 65
in Southwest Pacific Area, 168-69
32nd Division ordered to, 172
32nd Division training in, 303
25th Division diverted from, 370
and unified command in South-Southwest Pacific, 168. See also Command, unified for Southwest Pacific.
use of supplies destined for Philippines, 83-84
Wavell suggests U.S. troops reinforce, 128
Australian Chiefs of Staff, 212n
Australian Divisions
Australian Mobile Air Force, 264n
Aviation Objective, First, 39. See also 54-Group Program.
Aviation Objective, Second, 39
AWPD/l, 163n, 191n. See also Victory Program.
Azores, 6, 44-45, 52, 102, 108
Roosevelt directs operations in, 50
–B–
B-17s, 137, 141. See also Bombardment aircraft.
British request for, 19n
in defense of Hawaii, 18, 19n, 69, 259
in defense of Panama Canal, 19n, 69
in defense of Philippines, 69-70, 81n, 85n, 95
squadron assigned to ANZAC Task Force, 153, 263
B-24s, 85, 139, 141, 246, 254n, 258, 333
Babbitt, Lt. Col. Theodore, 342n
Baku, 330
Bali, 133
Balikpapan, 82n
Balkans
British plans for operations in, 100, 101
planning for operations in, 363
Balmer, Col. Jesmond D., 181n
Bandoeng, 81
Bangkok, 136
Barber, Col. Henry A., Jr., 370n
Barnes, Maj. Gen. Julian F., 83-84, 88, 132n
Barrage balloon battalions, 224n
BARRISTER, 103n. See also Dakar.
Bases-for-destroyers transaction, 20-21, 21n
Basra, 142, 253, 253n, 273, 338n, 341
Bathurst Island, 45n
Batumi, 330
Baume, Maj. E. H., 286n
Baumer, Col. William H.. Jr., 250n, 286n, 291n
BAZAAR, 345n, 372. See also Siberia, bases for American air operations.
Beaverbrook, Lord, 119
and ABDA Command, 124
at ARCADIA Conference, 98
and First (Moscow) Protocol, 57
Beaverbrook-Harriman mission, 57
Beightler, Maj. Gen. Robert S., Sr., 222n
Belgium, 30
Allied planning for invasion of, 186, 221
British plan for invasion of, 100
Bellairs, Rear Adm. R. M., 33
Belyaev, Maj. Gen. Alexander I., 341, 343
on Alaska–Siberia air route, 342, 344
British naval support for Burma offensive, 374-75
Berlin, 380
Bermuda, 356n
Army garrison for, 44, 49n, 148
establishment of base in, 61n
Berne, 278n
Bessell, Col. William W., Jr., 378n
Bhamo, 373
Bilin River, 130
BIRCH, 151. See also Christmas Island.
Bismarck Archipelago, 261, 270, 369, 377
Bissell, Brig. Gen. Clayton L., 56n, 139n, 142
on Chinese operations against Japanese, 228
BLACK, 103. See also Dakar.
Blarney, General Sir Thomas, 171n
BLEACHER, 155. See also Tongatabu.
Blizzard, Col. John C., Jr., 364n
Blockade
of Germany, British plans for, 23, 55, 100, 280, 295
of Germany, Stark on, 26
of Philippines by Japanese, 84
Bloemfontein, 132n
Boat crews, 284, 314. See also Engineer amphibian brigades.
BOBCAT, 151. See also Borabora.
BOLERO, 183-88, 183n, 185n, 190-97, 221-22, 233-35, 236-44, 255n, 273-77, 276n, 314, 339, 351, 355, 356, 359, 360, 376-79. See also Marshall Memorandum; ROUNDUP; SLEDGEHAMMER.
British attitude toward, 266-69, 325-27
cargo shipping limiting factor in, 272
construction program for, 326
diversion of 15
air groups from, 281, 296, 300-302, 308, 318, 320-22
estimate of forces for, 182-83, 185-86, 239, 270-71, 281, 322-25, 353-54, 353n
54th Fighter Group diverted from, 258
landing craft for, 186, 186n, 192-94, 312
planning in Washington, 190
shipping for, 183, 186, 191, 270, 281, 308-09
timing of, 182-83, 185-87, 189, 233, 238-39, 243, 266, 280, 325-27
troop basis for 1943, 322-24, 326-27
versus aid to USSR, 198, 205-10, 217, 229-32
versus defense of Middle East, 198-202, 217, 226-27, 249-50, 254, 255, 298
versus JUPITER, 269
versus North African operation, 234-44, 255, 268-70, 273-81, 282-83, 296-97, 299-300, 308-09, 319, 321-27
versus Pacific alternative, 267-73
versus Pacific requirements, 198, 210-19, 222-26
versus support of China, 198, 202-05, 217, 227-29
BOLERO Combined Committee, 193, 286n
Bolté Brig. Gen. Charles L., 196n
Bombardment aircraft, 24, 226. See also Aircraft; Army Air Forces; B-17s; Groups, aviation; Strategic bombing.
ADB recommendations on, 66
for air offensive against Germany, 364-65, 365n. See also Air offensive, against Germany.
B-17 squadron assigned to ANZAC Task Force, 153, 263
for British-American air force in Caucasus, 330, 332, 333, 335
for build-up in British Isles, 212, 318-19, 324
for Burma and India, 136-38, 202-04
diversion of groups from BOLERO to Pacific. 211, 296, 300-302, 318-19, 320-22.
for GYMNAST, 106
for Hawaii, 18, 19n, 69, 81, 153-54, 211, 259, 300, 302, 320, 322n
for Java, 134-35
King requests bomber group for South Pacific, 211, 219
land-based air cover for Navy. 154-56, 160, 256
for Middle East, 246, 251, 253-54, 297-98, 298n
mobile forces for use in South Pacific, 211-12, 218-19, 223-24, 264, 299
plan for operations with British Bomber Command, 39-40
for SLEDGEHAMMER, 241
for South Pacific, 153-54, 211-12, 212n, 219, 226, 263, 301-02, 322n
for Southwest Pacific, 95, 149, 152-54, 211-12, 214, 215, 226, 298, 301
strength in Middle East, June July 1942, 250n
for TORCH, 281, 296, 318-19, 319n
for USSR. 231-32, 337, 344, 346n, 347-48
Bombardment of Germany. .See Air offensive; Strategic bombing.
Bombay, 140
Bombers, 4,000-mile radius, 59. See also B-17s; B-18s; B-24s; B-25s; Bombardment aircraft.
Bône, plan for landings at, 287-88, 289
Bonesteel, Maj. Gen. Charles H., 51
Booth, Maj. Gen. E. E., 3n
Borabora, 263
Army garrison for, 114-15, 151, 155, 299
forces for forward areas from, 299
refueling station for convoys, 114-15, 151
Bourne, Brigadier G. K., 176n
Bradley, Maj. Gen. Follett
on Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 330, 332
commands First Air Force, 343n
mission to Moscow, 328, 332, 343-45. 346
at Moscow conference, August 1942, 328, 330
and Siberia project, 332,343-46
on Soviet reaction to TORCH, 329
Brady, Col. Francis M., 136, 137, 138n
marines ordered to guard air bases in, 148
Brereton, Maj. Gen. Lewis H., 137-38
and Anglo-American air force in Caucasus, 333
on beginning of hostilities with Japan, 71n
command relationship with Maxwell, 255
commands B-17s moved south from Philippines, 95n
commands Ninth Air Force, 333
commands Tenth Air Force, 140-41, 164, 190, 246
commands U.S. Army Air Forces in Middle East, 247, 250, 255
on release of A-20s at Basra to British, 253n
Brett. Lt. Gen. George H., 24n, 116, 169
on air operations in India and Burma, 136, 137-38, 140
Allied air commander, SWPA, 171, 171n
arranges for reception of AVG in Burma, 138
at Chungking conference, 86
commands USAFIA, 135, 164, 170
ordered to Australia, 87-88, 95, 135
orders bombers to Java, 135
on pursuit planes for Java. 135-36
and unified command in Southwest Pacific, 168
BRIMSTONE, 327, 379. See also Sardinia.
Brink, Lt. Col. Francis G., 65n, 86n
at Singapore conference, 86, 87
British Admiralty Missions in North America, 43n
British Air Training Plan, 43n
British Bomber Command, 39-40
British Chiefs of Staff, 130, 190, 197, 237, 240, 250, 292n, 298, 376. See also Churchill, Winston S.; Dill, Field Marshal Sir John; Great Britain.
ABC-1
approved by, 46
and ABC-1
conference, 33
on ABDA Command, 124-26
and ABDA conference at Singapore, 65
ADB report redrafted by, 76
and air force for Caucasus, 332-33
on air offensive against Germany, 377
on American fighter units for Middle East, 189-90
at ARCADIA Conference, 97-119
on areas of strategic responsibility, 165-68
at Atlantic Conference, 53-55
and British Joint Staff Mission, 42
on Burma offensive, 377
at Casablanca Conference, 380-82
and CCS committee in Washington, 124
on command for ROUNDUP, 196
on command for TORCH, 286n
and command of USAFIME, 255
on concept of TORCH operation, 285, 285n, 287-88, 292
decision to mount TORCH, 280-83,294
defeat of Germany as ultimate aim, 23-24, 100-101
on defense of Middle East, 249,279, 281n
on Drummond-Adler mission, 332-33
on eliminating Italy from war, 23, 34, 37, 101, 377
on forces required in Far East, 121
on French invitation to invade North Africa, 175
on importance of Middle East and India, 53, 189-90, 203n
on invasion of North Africa, 55, 175, 238-39, 280-81, 286. See also GYMNAST; TORCH.
on invasion of northwestern Europe in 1942, 101, 188, 237-40, 243-44, 266-67, 278, 328. See also
BOLERO; SLEDGEHAMMER.
on invasion of northwestern Europe in 1943, 100-101, 179-80, 188, 238, 243-44, 280-81, 377-78. See also BOLERO; ROUNDUP.
jurisdiction over Indian Ocean and Middle East, 166
on land offensive against Germany, 24, 100
on limited offensive on Continent, 101
on limited offensives in Mediterranean, 55, 100-101, 174-75, 377-78
on limited offensives in Pacific, 378
at London conference, April 1942, 187-90
at London conference, July 1942, 278, 280-81
on operations in 1943, 377-78
on release of 15
air groups from BOLERO, 281
on release of shipping from BOLERO. 281, 308
on relief of U.S. marines in Iceland, 11 1
request U.S. assistance in Indian Ocean area, 202-03
on shipping priorities, 308-09
and shipping for reinforcement of Australia, 117
on situation on Eastern Front, 237-38
and Special Army Observer, London, 42
on strategy, January 1941, 34-38
on strategy, 1940, 22-24
on strategy at ARCADIA Conference, 99-101, 295-97, 322
on strategy at Atlantic Conference, 55, 99
on strategy of encirclement of Germany, 101, 295-97
on strategy in war against Japan, 120-22, 377-78
on target date for TORCH, 284-85, 284n
and 33rd Pursuit Group for TORCH, 320
trip to Washington, December 1941, 97-98. See also ARCADIA Conference.
trip to Washington, June 1942, 236-37, 245, 248, 280
on Turkey’s role in war, 377
urge American adoption of British strategy, 102
U.S. requests strategy statement, 33n, 34, 34n
on use of armored forces in Europe, 55, 99-100
British Far Eastern Fleet, 76, 203-04, 375
British Home Waters Area, 45
British Isles. See Great Britain.
British Joint Planners. 281
British Joint Staff Mission, 42-43, 67, 267, 286n, 320
plan for organization of, 42, 43n
British military mission in Washington. See British Joint Staff Mission.
British Ministry of War Transport, 266, 310n
British Navy. See Navy, British.
British Purchasing Commission, 28, 33
British units. See also Eighth Army, British.
7th Armoured Brigade, 127.137
18th Division, 127
British War Cabinet, 266-68, 328
British War Cabinet Defence Committee, 188
Brittany, 241
Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan, 236n, 238n, 243, 280, 329
Brown, Lt. Col. R. J., 335n
Bryden, Maj. Gen. William B., 33n, 81n
Buckner, Maj. Gen. Simon Bolivar, Jr., 257n
Bulgaria, 43
Bundy, Col. Charles W., 83n
at Atlantic Conference, 53n, 55n
on British plans for North Africa, 101
on entering the war, 53
member of 1941
mission to Moscow, 57n
on plan for offensive against Germany, 45’
Burma, 78, 80n, 114, 135, 155, 171, 178, 194, 371
in ABDA Command, 123-24
air operations from bases in, 136-38, 139, 140, 142
in area of British strategic responsibility, 165
AVG pursuit group established in, 138
British offensive in, 228-29, 308, 373
command for offensive in, 374
and diversion of Australian divisions from Middle East, 128, 130-31
diversion of shipping from lend-lease to, 163, 179
evacuation of, 138
Japanese successes in, 130-31, 227-28
King recommends removal from ABDA Command, 168n
planning for offensive in, 228-29, 308, 372-79
returned to operational command of India, 164n 7th Armoured Brigade ordered to, 127, 137
strategic aim to hold, 120-21, 122-23, 131, 156, 158, 187, 205
Burma Road, 63, 136, 141, 357, 373
inefficiency of administration, 73
reopening of, 229, 373n, 378. See also ANAKIM.
Burns, Maj. Gen. James H., 232
on Alaska–Siberia air route, 342
and lend-lease for China, 63
and lend-lease missions, 57
member of 1941
mission to Moscow, 57n
Burrough, Capt. Edmund W., 108n
Butler, Brig. Gen. William O., 225
–C–
Cairo, 85, 141, 245, 247, 248, 250, 251n. 252, 253, 253n, 255, 297, 337
Calais, 178
Camp Pickett, Virginia, 316
Camp Polk, Louisiana, 316
Camranh Bay. See Kamranh Bay.
Canada, 166, 214. See also Permanent Joint Board on Defense, Canada-U.S.
at ABC-1 conference, 33n
Alcan Highway, 356
and British Joint Staff Mission, 42
deployment of U.S. forces to, 356, 356n
and First Special Service Force, 244n
and Pacific War Council, 217n
Canary Islands, 108
pursuit squadron for, 149n, 154
Cape of Good Hope, 10
Cape Verde Islands, 6, 44-45, 50, 52, 98, 102, 108
Caraway, Lt. Col. Paul W., 372n
Cargo shipping. See Shipping, cargo.
Caribbean, 147n, 148, 155, 156, 158
Caribbean Defense Command, I 69n
Caroline Islands, 2, 26, 45, 367
Carriers. See Aircraft carriers.
Carter, Lt. Col. Marshall S., 352n
Casablanca, 320
plan for landings at, 106, 113n, 235-36, 285-91, 293, 306,316,319. See also GYMNAST; TORCH.
port facilities at, 113, 114, 236, 286
Casablanca Conference, 369, 371-72, 375-76, 378-82
Casey, Richard G., 255n
Cates. Lt. Col. Edwin H., 72n
American survey in, 332
Anglo-American air force for, 329-36. 344, 345, 348
Caughey, Capt. John H., 144n
Cavalry Divisions
1st, 48n
2nd, 48n
CCS. See Combined Chiefs of Staff.
CCS 5/1, 176n
CCS 18/1, 212n
CCS 56/1, 163n
CCS 61/1, 248n
CCS 87/3, 309n
CCS 87/4, 309n
CCS 94, 279-82, 281n, 283, 294, 295-97, 297n, 299, 301, 302n, 303, 305, 308, 318, 325. See also TORCH.
CCS 100/1, 309n
CCS 103/3, 313n
CCS 104/1, 373n
CCS 104/2, 373n
CCS 104/3, 373n
CCS 109/1, 338n
CCS 112/1, 320n
CCS 124/1, 378n
CCS 135/1, 377n
Celebes, 120
Celebes Sea, 82n
Center Task Force. See also TORCH.
forces for, 315-16
loss of ship carrying equipment for, 316
Central Pacific, 26. See also Hawaiian Islands.
deployment in, 49n, 81, 98, 117, 147, 151-54, 156, 162-64, 176, 211, 218, 224n, 256-57
divisions in, 359n
Japanese operations in, 256, 258
Japanese threat of attack in, 224-26
strength of Army forces in, December 1942, 359
Central Pacific Area, 359, 359n. See also Hawaiian Islands; Pacific Ocean Area.
Ceylon, 128, 130. 138, 157, 163, 201n
Japanese air raids on, 202
Chamberlain, Col. Edwin W., 352n
Chamberlain, Prime Minister Neville, 4, 11
Chamberlin, Brig. Gen. Harry D., 156
Chaney, Maj. Gen. James E., 58, 196
appointed Special Army Observer, London, 42
commands ETOUSA, 197n
commands USAFBI, 111
lend-lease responsibility of, 57
member of 1941
mission to Moscow, 57n
ordered to U.S., June 1942, 197, 197n
reports arrival of troops in Northern Ireland, 148n
seeks information on Siberia, 143
trip to England, 1940, 24n
on troops for British Isles, 47-48
Channel Islands, 239, 241, 329
Chennault, Brig Gen. Claire L., 376n
Chew, Comdr. Robert S., 5n
Chiang Kai-shek, 137
and British naval support for Burma offensive, 374-75
and command for Burma offensive, 374
and Curries visit to China, 63
on diversion of Tenth Air Force to Middle East, 247-48, 247n
on exclusion from decisions on strategy, 2u4-05
on Japanese threat to Yunnan Province. 74
on need for military assistance, 229
and offensive in Burma, 373-76
on plan for joint action against Japan. 85
and reopening of Burma Road, 229
on representation on CCS, 204-05
on representation on Munitions Assignments Board, 204 65
Stilwell appointed chief of staff to, 139-40
“three demands” of, 247-48, 311, 312n
and training of Chinese troops, 374
and U.S. air support of operations, 203
Chief of Naval Operations. See Stark, Admiral Harold R. See also King, Admiral Ernest J.
Chief of Staff. See Marshall, General George C.
China, 19, 26, 43, 88, 123, 128, 155, 178, 185, 198, 268, 355, 377. See also Chiang Kai-shek; China–Burma–India theater; Stilwell, Maj. Gen. Joseph W.
and ADB report, 66
air force for Chennault, 376n
air route over The Hump to, 139, 141-42, 311, 372, 373
air route via Siberia to, 343n, 345
as air and supply theater, 357, 372-73
American air support of Chinese operations, 139, 142, 202-05
AMMISCA established in, 57
and ARCADIA Conference, 98
in area of American strategic responsibility. 166
AVG build-up in, 74-75, 136-37, 138
bomber operations from, 136-37
bombing of Japan from bases in, 139, 140, 372-73
British proposal for guerrilla operations in. 66, 73
British refusal to release munitions to, 73
CGS representation sought by, 204-05, 227
collaboration with British forces, 228, 374, 376
and command for Burma offensive, 374
and conference at Chungking, 85
and conference at Singapore, 85-86
and conversations in Moscow. 87
Dawson mission, 141
HALPRO group for, detained in Egypt, 246
instruction of forces in India, 357, 373-74
Japanese occupation of, 372
Japanese operations in Burma against, 227-28
Japanese threat to Yunnan, 74-75
lend-lease aid to, 56, 61n, 63-64, 66, 68, 73-75, 78, 139, 141, 156, 202-05, 227, 228, 311
lend-Lease aid to, versus Philippine reinforcement, 73-75. 75n
lend-lease shipping withdrawn from, 163
and loss of Singapore, 36-37
Munitions Assignments Board representation sought by, 204-05, 227
and offensive in Burma, 228-29, 308, 372-76
operations against Japan from, 270
and Pacific advisory council, 166
and Pacific War Council, 217n
policy on use of American forces in, 75, 227-28, 311, 357
proposal to urge action by troops of, 228
refusal of antiaircraft guns to, 75
release of ammunition to. 73
requests aircraft, 63
Stilwell’s mission to, 139-40, 357
strategic aim to support, 121-23. 131, 158, 202-05, 227-29, 337, 372-73, 376
Tenth Air Force assigned to use of, 140, 228, 246- 47
Tenth Air Force withdrawn from use of, 202-05, 227, 247
30-division program, 63
“three demands” of Chiang Kai-shek, 247-48, 311, 312n
troop movements to, 309
China–Burma–India theater, 178, 185, 311, 360
aircraft on hand, December 1942, 360n
deployment of U.S. forces to, 357
King’s recommendation on, I 68n
strength of Army forces in, December 1942, 357
strength of Army forces in, July 1942, 353n
China Defense Supplies. Inc., 63, 73
Chinese Army, 63, 66, 73, 86, IQ, 357
Chinese Military Mission to U.S., 227
pursuit squadron for, 154
Chungking, 141, 228, 247, 374, 375
Chungking conference, 85-87
Churchill, Winston S., 29, 53, 104, 170, 174, 184, 191, 197, 221, 227, 233-34, 237, 239, 240, 249, 269, 276, 278, 280, 282-84, 309n, 310n, 311, 316, 319, 330n, 331n, 373, 379, 382
on ABDA Command. 124-26
and Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 329-39
appointed Prime Minister. 11, 235
at ARCADIA Conference, 97-119, 124-26
and ARCADIA shipping schedule, 117
on area of TORCH landings, 292-93
on areas of strategic responsibility, 165-68
at Atlantic Conference, 53-55
at Casablanca Conference, 380
on continuing planning for GYMNAST, 113
controversies with Curtin, 212-15
conversations with Molotov, 234, 267
conversations with Stalin, 326, 328-30, 329n
on cutting lend-lease to USSR, 119
on defense of Indian Ocean, 190
and defense of Middle East, 190, 250
on destroyers and munitions exchange, 20
on diversion of Australian divisions to Burma, 130, 130n
on emergency operation in 1942, 189, 234-35, 239-40, 242-43, 255, 266, 273-76, 276n, 326
and fall of Tobruk, 245n
on fraternization with Soviet troops, 331, 335
on Iranian. railroad, 337
on limited offensives in Mediterranean, 307, 363
on MacArthur’s evacuation from Philippines, 165n
on MacArthur’s role in Curtin’s requests, 213
on Mediterranean operations after TORCH, 327, 363
on northern convoys to Soviet Union, 309-10, 331, 337, 348
on notifying USSR of decision not to mount SLEDGEHAMMER, 328-29
on notifying USSR of decision to mount TORCH, 328-29
on operation in French North Africa, 102-03, 23435, 239-40, 242-43, 244-45, 250, 255, 276n, 279, 310, 363
on operation in Norway, 234-35, 244, 244n, 326
on operation against Sardinia, 327
on Pacific advisory council, 125-26, 217n
and postponement of GYMNAST, 117-18, 167, 175, 176
on postponement of ROUNDUP, 325-27
requests British-American conference, 326
on return of divisions from Middle East, 152, 162, 212-13
on ROUNDUP in 1943, 276n, 325-27, 349
on ROUNDUP in 1944, 326
on shipping for GYMNAST, 111
and staff conferences in Moscow, 349, 364n
strategy statement at ARCADIA, 99-100
on striking at the “underbelly of the Axis,” 363
theory on waging war on Continent, 55, 99-100
and TORCH directive. 291-93
trip to Washington, December 1941, 97-98. See also ARCADIA Conference.
trip to Washington, June 1942, 236, 245, 248, 251, 255, 255n
on troop movements in World War I, 111
on troop shipments to Ireland and Iceland, 111, 113, 148
on Turkey’s entry into the war, 363, 364n
on U.S. deterrent action in Pacific against Japanese, 20
on U.S. divisions for Southwest Pacific, 152, 162-63
on U.S. naval visit to Eire, 20
and USSR release of A-20s to British, 253, 253n
Civil airline transports, 209-10
Clagett, Brig. Gen. henry B., 88
Clark, Col. Frank S., tin
Clark, Maj. Gen. Mark W., 293n, 321, 325n
commands II Corps, 197
trip to London, May 1942, 196
Clay, Brig. Gen. Lucius D., 253n
Coast Artillery Corps, 351
Coast Artillery units, 351, 355
70th (AA), 150n
76th (AA), 299
198th (AA), 151
203rd (AA), 258n
244th, 150n
Cold Bay, Alaska, 224
Coleridge, Comdr. R. D., 43n
Color plans, 6. See also BLACK; ORANGE plan; RAINBOW plans.
Combat loading vessels, 117-18, 148, 283-84, 362
shortage of, 316n
for Solomons operation, 310
for TORCH, 310, 314, 314n, 316, 316n
Combined, definition of, 99n. 124n
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 98, 136, 155, 181, 182, 213, 226, 251, 376. See also British Chiefs of Staff; CCS; Joint Chiefs of Staff.
ABDA Command dissolved by, 164-65
ABDA Command made responsible to, 124-26
on aircraft carrier for Wavell, 133
and allocation of war materiel, 166-67, 172, 195
Arnold-Slessor-Towers agreement, 227, 248-49
Chinese request for representation on, 204-05, 227
and command in Middle East, 338
on commander for TORCH, 286n
and deployment of forces in Middle East, 250
and deployment of forces in Pacific, 159
and directive to Supreme Commander, SWPA, 169n
instruct Wavell on withdrawal from Java, 134, 164
on invasion of Continent in 1942, 180, 239, 244. See also BOLERO; SLEDGEHAMMER.
on invasion of Continent in 1943, 180, 280-81. See also BOLERO; ROUNDUP.
jurisdiction in European-Atlantic area, 166
jurisdiction over grand strategy, 166-67, 172
and landing craft production, 312
on North African operation, 110, 112-14, 175-76, 239, 280-83. See also GYMNAST; TORCH.
and offensive in Burma, 373. See also ANAKIM.
and operations in 1943, 378
organization of, 124
on participation of British troops in TORCH, 281
and plans for operations in Mediterranean after TORCH, 363
on relief of British troops in Iceland and Ireland, 108-11
and shipping to Northern Ireland, 148
and shipping priorities, 308-09
and SUPER-GYMNAST cancellation, 176
on target date for TORCH, 283-84
theater priorities, 194-95, 357
and 33rd Pursuit Group for TORCH, 320
TORCH commander responsible to, 281
on transport planes for USSR. 208-09
on U.S. divisions for SWPA, 163
on withdrawal of forces from BOLERO for Pacific, 300, 321
Combined Military Transportation Committee, 230, 249
Combined Staff Planners, 248
Command, 237
of Allied forces, 35n, 47-48, 87, 123-26, 164-65, 168-73, 196-97, 239, 241-42
for Anglo-American air force in Caucasus, 331, 333, 335
Army control of operations in Europe, 197, 261-62
Army-Navy relations in North Pacific, 225, 257n
Australian-New Zealand recommendations on, 168
British propose U.S. admiral for Far East, 35n
British view on Allied, 35n, 123-26, 196-97, 239
in Central Africa, 245. See also U.S. Army Forces in Central Africa.
Chinese Army under American, 204
in Efate, unity of, 156
in Middle East, 200, 245, 247, 252, 254-55, 279, 297, 338-39, 338n. See also Persian Gulf Service Command; Services of Supply, U.S. Army Forces in Middle East; U.S. Army Air Forces in Middle East; U.S. Army Forces in Middle East.
Naval Task Force 8 under unity of, 225
Navy control of operations in Pacific, 261-62. 264
for offensive in Burma, 374
of operations in South-Southwest Pacific, 260-63, 303, 368-70
policy for Allied operations, 171, 196-97
for ROUNDUP, 196
Singapore conference recommendations on, 87
for SLEDGEHAMMER, 196, 239, 241-42
for TORCH, 279, 281, 286-87, 287n, 315
unified for Pacific, 168-69, 260, 263-65, 368-69. See also Pacific Ocean Area; South Pacific Area; U.S. Army Forces in South Pacific.
unified for Southwest Pacific, 35n, 87, 123-26, 164-65, 168-73. See also ABDA Command; Southwest Pacific Area.
unity of 35n, 87, 124-26, 156, 164-65, 168-71, 196-97, 225, 241-42, 260-65, 315, 368-69
of U.S. forces, 30, 40, 197, 200
of U.S. and Australian forces by co-operation, 171n
of U.S. forces in British Isles, 47-48, 48n, 196-97. See also European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army; U.S. Army Forces in British Isles.
Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet, and Chief of Naval Operations. See King, Admiral Ernest J.
Commando operations, 221, 271. See also Raids, coastal.
Commercial airline transports. See Civil airline transports.
Compton, Lewis, 13n
Compton, Col. Louis J., 182n
Congress
Export Control Act of 1940, 21
lend-lease bill, 33
refusal to fortify Guam, 3
Selective Service Act, 21
Connolly, Maj. Gen. Donald H., 338-39
Connor, Lt. Col. Voris H., 183n
Conscription, 21
Construction program, 272
in United Kingdom, 326
Continent, The. See Northwestern Europe.
Convoys, 14, 112, 159, 325. See also Navy, U.S.; Pensacola convoy.
Arctic, 229-32, 277, 292n, 298, 308-10, 326, 331, 336-37, 348
Atlantic, 29, 41, 45, 117, 147-48, 218, 309, 324
Borabora refueling station for, 114-15, 151
for India, 311
for Middle East, 163, 308-09, 309n
Cooke, Rear Adm. Charles M. Jr., 7n, 195n
at ABC-1 conference, 33n
and amphibious training agreement, 314n
on offensive operations in South-Southwest Pacific, 260-61
Coolidge, 132n
Coral Sea, Battle of, 223, 358
Cornwall, 202
Cornwall-Jones, Lt. Col. A. T., 33, 33n
Corps
I, 304
Cotentin peninsula, 241, 278, 329
Craig, Col. Howard A., 139n, 184n
Craig, General Malin, 3
Crawford, Brig. Gen. Robert W., 56n, 1 16n, 259n
Crenshaw, Capt. Russell S., 6n
Crete, British defeat in, 54, 285
Cross-Channel attack. See Northwestern Europe. Cruisers
loss of British, off Ceylon, 201n, 202
loss of, off Savo Island, 302
Curacao, 44
Curtin, Prime Minister John, 122n, 131
on Australian dependence on American aid, 114n-15n
on British aid for Australia, 212-13, 215, 217
on diversion of 7th Australian Division to Burma, 130
and MacArthur as commander of SWPA, 170
MacArthur’s relations with, 213-15
on return of Australian divisions from Middle East, 130, 212-13
Cyprus, 252
Czechoslovakia, 4-5
–D–
Dakar. See also West Africa, French.
British attempt to seize, 54
plan for operations against, 103-04. 108, 112, 285n
Daladier, Premier Edouard, 4
Daley, Maj. Gen. Edmund L., 109n
Dankwerts. Rear Adm. V. H., 33
Darwin. See Port Darwin.
Davis, Col. Thomas D., 182n
Dawson, Lt. Col. Leo H., 141
Dawson mission, 141
Deane, Maj. Gen. John R., 80n, 182n, 237, 253, 271n, 303n, 324n, 363n, 379n
Deauville, 178
Delhi, 141
Denmark, 11
British plans for invasion of, 100
Deployment of U.S. forces. 59, 260, 316, 350, 35262, 382. See also Shipping. troop; Troop movements; geographical areas.
to Alaska, 49n, 257-58, 271, 322n, 356-57, 370-71
in Atlantic, 49, 49n, 50-51, 96, 109, 147-49, 270-71, 322-27, 353-56, 359-60
Atlantic versus Pacific, 156-62, 178-79, 181-82, 210-16, 217-21, 223n, 259, 267-68, 270-72, 358, 359-60
to Australia, 115-18, 128-31, 147, 148-50, 153-54, 162-64, 172, 211, 217-19, 358n
to British Isles, 46, 117, 147-48, 270-71, 320-27. 353-55
to China–Burma–India theater, 357
to Hawaii, 49n, 151-54, 161-64, 211, 256-57, 298-300, 302, 304, 304n, 320, 322n
to Middle East, 200-202, 245-51, 319-20, 322n, 339, 355
to North Africa, 313-22, 354-55
to Philippines, 49n, 69-70, 72-73, 81n, 82-85, 219-21
planning for, 41, 146, 195-96, 354. See also JCS 23
projected for 1943, 362
to South Pacific, 114-15, 147, 150-56, 175, 179, 210-12. 218-21, 222-26, 264-65, 299-305, 304n, 320, 322n, 358-59
to Southwest Pacific, 114-17, 147, 148-50, 153-54, 158-59, 162-64, 167, 172-73. 175, 176, 179, 198, 210-12, 217-19. 265, 298-99, 301, 304, 304n, 369-70
strength overseas, December 1941, 353
strength overseas, December 1942, 353
Desert Training Center, California, 316
Destroyer escorts. See also Naval escort vessels, construction of, 194, 312
Destroyers-for-bases transaction, 20-21, 21n
DeWitt, Lt. Gen. John L.
on air operations in Aleutians, 225
plan for operations in Aleutians, 258, 312, 370-71
Dieppe Raid, 366
Dill, Field Marshal Sir John, 238n, 253n, 328
on American attitude toward strategy, 295-97
on American attitude toward TORCH, 295-97
on Australian divisions in Middle East. 130
on British naval support for Burma offensive, 375
on decision to mount TORCH, 282, 295
on invasion of Europe in 1943, 180n
on return of Burma to command of India, 164n
on shipping for GYMNAST, 110, 308
on shipping for Iceland and Ireland, 110
on shipping priorities, 308
on shortage of ammunition in Egypt, 253
On SLEDGEHAMMER, 276n
on transport planes for USSR, 208
on U.S. troops For Middle East, 200
Dispersion of Army forces, 55-56, 187, 189, 200, 218, 255-56,268,276,352,353-54,372
Divisions, 356-57. See also Armored Divisions; Armored forces; Cavalry Divisions; Infantry; Infantry Divisions.
activated at end 1941, 48, 350
activated at end 1942, 350
activated in World War II, 353n
for amphibious corps, 314
available for use in 1943, 362
for BOLERO, 180, 182-83, 185-86, 239, 329, 354, 358n, 359-60
diversion of, from BOLERO, 235, 273
for GYMNAST, 106, 108, 236, 276n
for Kiska operation, 371
for Middle East, 254, 254n, 273, 279
for Northern Ireland, 109, 109n
for operations in South-Southwest Pacific, 259, 281, 300, 304-05, 318n, 369-70
overseas, December 1942, 353. See also Deployment of U.S. forces.
overseas, June 1942, 358n
for Pacific, 215, 308, 358, 358n, 359, 359n
for Pacific alternative, 270-71
for Philippines, 72n
projected for 1942, 351. See also Troop Basis, 1942; Victory Program Troop Basis.
projected for 1943, 352-53
for relief of British troops in Iceland, 308
for ROUNDUP, 180, 182-83, 185-86, 325-26, 377-78
for SLEDGEHAMMER, 239, 241, 329
for TORCH, 285, 289, 304-05, 313-18, 354, 359
ultimate requirement estimate, 59, 352-53. See also Victory Program; Victory Program Troop Basis.
Don River, 308
Doolittle, Brig. Gen. James H., 139, 225
and 33rd Pursuit Group for TORCH, 320
and Twelfth Air Force, 318n, 319
Doolittle mission, 139, 141, 190, 204, 225
Dorsetshire, 202
Draft, 21
Drummond, Air Marshal P. H., 333
Drummond-Adler mission, 330, 332-36
Duke of York, 97
Dutch East Indies, 9-10, 35n, 43, 70, 88, 122, 158, 171. See also Netherlands.
in ABDA Command, 123
ability of U.S. to reinforce, 102
air combat groups allocated to, 95
Australian troops diverted to, 127
authorization for aircraft delivery to, 71
B- 17s ordered from Philippines to, 95
British troops ordered to, 127
command in Java assumed by, 135, 164
defense of, 74
Japanese threat to, 23, 30, 64, 66, 79, 82
lend-lease for, 156
and loss of Singapore, 37
and Pacific advisory council, 166
in Southwest Pacific Area, 169
U.S. forces in Philippines under command of, 164
use of supplies destined for Philippines, 83
and withdrawal from Java, 135
Dykes, Brigadier Vivian, 333n
–E–
East Africa, 226. See also Africa.
East Indies. See Dutch East Indies.
Eastern Defense Command, 224n
Eastern Front, 55, 101, 159, 177-78, 185, 186, 214, 222, 234-35, 237-39, 240, 242-43, 265, 267, 271, 276, 277, 280, 308, 331, 335
strength of German forces on, 329
and timing of TORCH, 285
Eastern Solomons, Battle of, 305-06
Eastern Task Force, strength of, 289
Eden, Sir Anthony, 121n
Edwards, Vice Adm. Richard S., 324n, 363n
Efate, 224
Army garrison for, 151, 154-56
Egypt, 34, 40, 100, 226. See also Middle East.
A-20s released at Basra for use in, 253
air forces for Caucasus from, 330-31
armored task force for, 249-50, 249n-50n
Auchinleck assumes command in, 252
British command in, 199-200, 253, 297
crisis in, 250-55, 297-98, 331
defense of, 23, 175, 189, 198-202, 244-55
establishment of USAFIME, 245-46
HALPRO group detained in, 246, 250-51
international corps for, 253
loss of ship carrying tanks and guns to, 251
79th Fighter Group ordered to, 251n
shipment of ammunition to, 253
Tenth Air Force bombers diverted to, 246-47, 250
33rd Pursuit Group diverted to TORCH, 319-20
33rd Pursuit Group ordered to, 251n
U.S. air units for, 189-90, 200-202, 245-49, 250-51, 253-54, 255, 273, 297-98, 297n
U.S. ground forces for, 249-50, 251, 277, 279
Eichelberger, Maj. Gen. Robert L., 305n
Eighth Air Force, 236
and daylight bombing, 318-19
discontinues operations, 319
and organization of Twelfth Air Force, 318
Spaatz commands, 324
strength after withdrawals for TORCH, 324
units for TORCH, 318-19
Eighth Army, British, 175, 245, 246, 251-52
Eisenhower, Lt. Gen. Dwight D., 203, 269n, 271n, 278, 290, 301, 315, 317, 321, 325n, 326, 329, 341
and air offensive against Germany, 324, 365
and air operations in Pacific, 264
at ARCADIA Conference, 99
on areas of strategic responsibility, 166
on Army garrisons for Pacific bases, 154, 223
assignment to War Plans Division, 87
and BOLERO Combined Committee, 193
on boundaries of Southwest Pacific area, 168
on British estimate of situation on Eastern Front, 237
on Churchill’s reaction to cost of TORCH, 325-26
on command for ROUNDUP, 196
commands Allied Expeditionary Force, 286-87
commands ETOUSA, 196-97
commands TORCH operation, 286-87, 286n
on concept of TORCH operation, 287-90, 288n, 292, 292n
on decision to mount TORCH, 286n, 294
on defeat of Germany first, 156-59, 181-82
on defeat of Japan first, 181-82, 267-68
on deployment in Pacific, 156-59, 223, 256
and diversion of 33rd Pursuit Group to TORCH, 320
and diversion to TORCH of P-39s en route to USSR, 319
on ground troops for Australia, 129
on junction of Japanese and German forces, 189
on landing craft, 186n, 192, 193
on MacArthur’s appointment as supreme commander, SWPA, 170n
and Marshall Memorandum, 183
Marshall orders to Washington, December 1941, 87
memorandum of 28 February 1942, 157-59, 161, 177
memorandum of 25 March 1942, 181-82, 267-68
orders Eighth Air Force to discontinue operations, 319, 321n
on Pacific alternative, 181-82, 267-68
on participation of U.S. troops in ABDA area, 128, 156
plan for establishing base in Australia, 87
on plan for operation in northwestern Europe, 159, 174, 177, 181-82, 187, 190, 196, 238
on postponement of ROUNDUP as result of TORCH, 325
requests War Department officer for TORCH planning, 290n
on service troops for Middle East, 199
on shipping for reinforcement of Southwest Pacific, 118
studies on strategy, 87, 156-59, 161, 177, 181-82, 382
and target date for TORCH, 316
TORCH directive to, 291-92, 293n
TORCH plan of 9 August 1942, 287-88
TORCH plan of 21 August 1942. 288-89
TORCH plan of 5 September 1942, 293
trip to London, May 1942, 196
and use of 1st Division in TORCH. 315-16
War Plans Division, chief of, 157
on world strategy, 156-59, 181-82, 267-68
El Alamein, 251, 291n, 298, 308, 333-34
Elections, 1940, 25
Elections, 1942, 284n
Eleventh Air Force, reinforcement of, 225, 257-58
Elliott, Col. Dabney O., 372n
Embargo, U.S., on exports to Japan, 16n, 21, 25, 64-65, 67, 68
Embick, Lt. Gen. Stanley D.,
at ABC-1
on aid to British at Singapore, 36
on defense of Philippines, 2, 3n
on entering the war, 53
on operations in North Africa, 104-05, 105n
recalled to Washington to advise President, 51
on U.S. policy in Pacific. 16
Emmons, Lt. Gen. Delos C., 153n, 264
and command in South Pacific, 263-64
commands Hawaiian Department, 152
and deployment to Hawaii, 162n, 211, 256, 300
mission assigned to, 263-64, 263n
reports Japanese objectives in North Pacific, 224
trip to London, 1940, 22, 24, 24n
Engineer amphibian brigades, 314, 369 2nd, 314n
3rd, 314n
4th, 314n
English Channel. See Northwestern Europe.
Entry into war. See Intervention in war, U.S.
Equipment, 186, 187, 196, 252, 270, 339, 369, 371. See also Materiel; Munitions.
for British in Middle East, 250-51, 254
for China, 372
loss of 34th Division weapons, 316
shortage of, 49, 317-18, 318n, 382
for Soviet Union, 336
for TORCH forces, 313-14, 315-18, 318n
for troop training, 194, 195n, 206, 318n
Escorts, naval. See Naval escort vessels. See also Destroyer escorts.
Espiritu Santo, 305n
Europe versus Pacific. See Offensive operations, Europe versus Pacific.
European Continent. See Northwestern Europe.
European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 356
aircraft on hand in, December 1942, 360
boundaries of, 197n
Evill, Air Marshal Douglas C. S., 202n, 320
Expeditionary forces, 48-52. See also Allied Expeditionary Force.
for Dakar, 103-04
for South Atlantic, 50, 96, 103
Export Control Act, 21n
Export-Import Bank, 63
Exports, U.S., 206. See also Embargo, U.S.
–F–
Fairbanks, Alaska, 344
Falalaeyev, Lt. Gen. Fedor Y., 334
FANTAN, 151, 223n. See also Fiji Islands.
Far East, 14, 25, 40-41, 109, 136-37, 142, 175, 186, 203n, 228, 246, 271, 328, 341, 371, 377, 379. See also Foreign policy, in Far East.
ADB report and situation in, 76
aim to develop strong air power in, 95
air allocations to, 70
British capital-ship force for, 76
British reinforcements for, 102, 117
British strategic responsibility in, 166
conflict of U.S. Japanese interests in, 2 -3, 8-10, 12-13
co-operation with the British in. 24
defensive strategy in, 30, 65-66
Navy responsibility in, under RAINBOW 5, 45
planning for logistic requirements in, 43
Soviet Union’s role in strategy in, 121, 142-46. See also Soviet Union, neutrality in war with Japan.
strategic policy statement on, 86n
strategy conferences in, 76, 85-87
subsidiary theater in American planning, 101
Far Eastern Air Force, 74, 81, 81n
air units allocated to, 70
aircraft on hand, December 1942, 360n
strength of, December 1941, 73
Faymonville, Brig. Gen. Philip R., 346n
on Alaska–Siberia air route, 143
lend-lease representative in Moscow, 58
member of 1941
mission to Moscow, 57n
Fellers, Col. Bonner F.
on bombers for Egypt, 253-54, 297, 297n
on bombing of Ploesti oil fields, 246n
on British command in Egypt, 253, 297
on ground forces for Middle East, 253-54
Ferry routes. See Air ferry routes.
Fez, 291
Field Artillery Battalion, 75th, 258n
Field Artillery Regiments
72nd, 150
105th, 151
106th, 151
138th, 72
200th, 150n
218th, 72
54-Group Program, 39, 39n, 95. See also 273-Group Program.
Fighter aircraft. See Pursuit aircraft.
Fighter groups. See Groups, aviation.
antiaircraft regiment ordered to, 224n
defense of, 115, 151, 160, 211, 222-24, 226
Japanese threat to, 155-56, 223, 258
and Pacific alternative, 271
Pensacola convoy arrives in, 82
70th Pursuit Squadron arrives in, 151, 154, 222n
37th Division ordered to, 155n, 222-23, 358n
Finland, 197n
First Air Force, 343n
First (Moscow) Protocol, 57, 142, 205-06, 207, 230-31, 341. See also Second (Washington) Protocol.
First Special Service Force, 244n
FitzGerald, Brig. Gen. Shepler W., 245
Foreign policy, U.S., 60n
aid to Britain, 15-17, 19-21, 29, 30, 44, 56, 60
aid to USSR, 167n, 205-06, 214, 226, 229-32, 273, 277, 298, 331-32, 336, 346-48, 379-80
assumptions concerning, 1941, 60
defense of the Philippines, 2-3, 67-69, 78-79, 82-84
embargo on exports to Japan, 21, 25, 64-65, 67
in Far East, 1-3, 15-16, 20, 27, 28-30, 36, 56, 60, 63-65, 67-69, 73-75, 78-79, 81-82, 228, 357, 372, 376
and growing German threat, 4-7, 28-30
initiation of RAINBOW plans, 5-8
support of China, 56, 57, 61n, 63-64, 68, 73-75, 85, 122, 131, 138-39, 141-42, 202-05, 228-29, 357, 372, 376
Former Naval Person. See Churchill, Winston S. Formosa, 9, 70, 136
Fourth Army, 225
alliance with Czechoslovakia and USSR, 4
armistice with Germany, 12, 53, 103
British defeat in, 285
co-operation in Far East, 10
Dieppe Raid, 366
German threat to, 4
invasion of, British plans for, 99 -100, 179-80, 327, 365
invasion of, in 1942, plan for, 177-79, 180-81, 185, 186-87, 188-89, 190-92, 193, 196, 206, 208-09, 210, 218-19, 221-22, 230-32, 233-35, 236-44, 255, 266-68, 273-76, 277, 277n, 278, 280, 314, 322, 326, 328-29. See also BOLERO; Marshall Memorandum; SLEDGEHAMMER.
invasion of, in 1943, plan for, 179-82, 187-88, 190-97, 232, 235, 236, 238-39, 243, 267, 268-70, 273-76, 277, 279-81, 282, 283, 314, 318, 322-27, 329, 353-54, 360, 364, 373, 376-77, 380-82. See also BOLERO; Marshall Memorandum; ROUNDUP.
invasion of, in 1944, plan for, 326-27, 365-66. See also ROUNDUP.
Leahy resigns as ambassador to, 282n
munitions for, 16
raids on coast of, 266-67, 366
in RAINBOW plans, 5-8
resistance groups in, 179, 239
resistance in North Africa, 14, 103, 175-76, 289, 307
strength of German forces in, 235, 267
war with Italy, 12
France, Free French, 43
control Borabora, 114
control New Caledonia, 115
France, Vichy, 65, 103, 175, 175n
Fredendall, Maj. Gen. Lloyd R., 175
Frederick, Lt. Col. Robert T., 244n
Fremantle, Australia, 135, 137, 141
French Fleet. See Navy, French.
French Indochina. See Indochina.
French Morocco. See Morocco, French.
Freseman, Comdr. W. L., 332n
Fuller, Maj. Gen, Horace H., 129
Fulton, Comdr. James R., 184n
–G–
G-2, 57, 177, 182, 183, 251-52, 253, 291n, 342
G-3, 182, 183, 314n, 350n, 352
Gailey, Col. Charles K., Jr., 56n, 165n
Gallant, Lt. Col. Edward B., 314n
Gandhi, 205
General Council. See War Department General Council.
General Headquarters, U.S. Army, 47
George, Col. Harold L., 141n
George Washington, 117n
German Air Force, 159, 177, 234, 321n, 364
German Army, 61-62, 159, 278, 324-25
Germany, 1, 8, 11-12, 57, 64, 197n, 244n, 281
air offensive against, 23-24, 26, 39, 41, 44-45, 47, 55, 69, 100, 155, 156, 160, 163, 178-79, 186-87, 194, 231, 234, 242, 269, 280, 295-96, 318-19, 321, 322, 324, 325, 347, 358, 364-66, 376, 377, 379, 381
air superiority over, 38, 40, 61, 160, 178, 181, 185-86, 221, 234
alliance with Italy and Japan, 4, 11
annexation of Czechoslovakia, 5
and approach to Berlin, 380
attack on Soviet Union, 53
blockade of, 23, 26, 44, 55, 61, 100, 280, 295, 296
British strategy for defeating, 23-24, 34, 55, 100-101, 174, 363
British view on land offensive against, 24, 100-101, 179-80, 231, 233-35, 237-40, 243-44, 266-69, 273-76, 327, 365. See also ROUNDUP, British attitude toward.
campaign in Libya, 175, 236, 245, 251-52
command in operations against, 261
conquest of Austria, 4
defeat of first, Allied strategic aim, 23-24, 30, 43, 60, 65-66, 99, 159-60, 177, 188, 267-68, 272-73, 279-80, 296, 321, 324, 329-30, 349, 350, 352, 376
demands on Czechoslovakia, 4
emergency offensive against in 1942, plan for, 177-79, 182-83, 185, 186-87, 188-89, 190-92, 193, 196, 206-09, 210, 221-22, 230-32, 233-35, 236-44, 255, 266-68, 273-76, 277, 278, 280, 314, 322, 326, 328-29. See also BOLERO; Marshall Memorandum; SLEDGEHAMMER.
emergency offensive against in 1943, plan for, 364
intervention in Spain, 4
invasion of Norway, 11
invasion threat to British Isles, 12, 13-14, 23, 24-25, 39, 109, 283
junction of forces with Japan, 189-90, 200
land offensive against, planning for, 44, 45-46, 61, 144, 157, 159-61, 163, 177-89, 190-97, 206, 211, 214, 215, 230-32, 233-35, 236-44, 266-68, 273-76, 277-78, 279-81, 282-83, 290, 296, 314, 322-27, 329, 353-54, 360, 364, 365-66, 373, 376-77, 380-82. See also BOLERO; Marshall Memorandum; ROUNDUP.
occupation of Denmark, 11
occupation of Poland, 8
offensive in North Africa against, plans for, 102-06, 234-44, 278-93, 296-97. See also GYMNAST; SUPER-GYMNAST; TORCH.
operations against, after TORCH, 363-64
operations against, through Turkey, 363, 364
Pershing’s World War I experience with, 24
RAINBOW 5 plan for offensive against, 45-46
in RAINBOW plans, 6-8. See also RAINBOW plans.
reinforcement of North Africa, 54, 104, 105, 117, 246,282,307,313,354
Roosevelt on German troops killed by Red Army, 214, 221, 222n
and Stalingrad battle, 308
strategy of encirclement of, 55, 61, 100-101, 102, 105, 279-80, 295-97, 299-300, 307
strength of divisions on Eastern Front, 329
strength of forces in France, 235
submarine operations, 51, 53, 194, 229-30, 312
support of Soviet Union in war against. See Soviet Union, support of, in operations against Germany.
threat of attack on U.S., 28-29
threat to French North Africa, 287-88
threat to Western Hemisphere, 5-6, 13, 15, 279
and unconditional surrender policy, 380
Gerow, Col. Lee S., 53
Gerow, Brig. Gen. Leonard T., 28n, 52n, 80n, 81, 81n, 82n, 83, 176n
at ABC-1
conference, 33
at ARCADIA Conference, 99
on defeating Germany by outproducing her, 59
on Victory Program, 61
Ghormley, Vice Adm. Robert L., 28, 303-04
and British strategy statement, January 1941, 33n, 34, 34n
commands operations against Tulagi, 262
commands South Pacific Area, 262, 264
discussions with British naval staff, 1939, 8n.
on postponement of Task One, 265
on reinforcement of South Pacific, 265, 299, 301, 303
special naval observer in London, 22, 42
trip to London, 1940, 22-24
Ghormley-Emmons-Strong visit to London, 22-24
Giant Y’s, 194
in TORCH plan, 287-88, 289, 290
Gilbert Islands, 26
Givens, Lt. Col. R. H., 144n
Glantzberg, Col. Frederic E., 257n
Gorell-Barnes, W. L., 43n
Grant, 151
GRAY war plan, 50n. See also Azores.
Great Britain, 1, 4, 10, 87, 155, 160, 175, 244, 298, 352, 356, 363, 366, 367. See also British Chiefs of Staff; Churchill, Winston S.
and ABC-1
agreement, 46n
and ABDA Command, 123-26
ability to withstand invasion, 13-14, 23-21, 39
aid to USSR, 57-58, 229-32, 277, 325-27, 328-29, 334, 336-39
aim to defeat Germany, 23-24
air forces transferred to North Africa from, 296, 300
Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 329-36, 344, 345, 348
antiaircraft defense, 40, 42, 46
areas of strategic responsibility, 165-67, 189, 200-201, 331, 355
assistance requirement in Far East, 26
bomber offensive against Germany from, 39-40, 218, 238, 321-25, 365-66, 376. See also Air offensive, against Germany.
British Commonwealth, policy on security, 44, 243
build-up of American forces in, 161, 174, 176, 177-79, 181, 183, 186, 188, 190, 191, 198, 204, 205, 210-11, 217-19, 228, 235, 237-38, 265, 267, 269-71, 271n, 273, 279, 294, 296, 308, 314n, 317-19, 321-27, 351, 353-55, 364, 377-79. See also BOLERO.
capital-ship force for Far East, 76
collaboration of troops with Chinese forces, 228, 374-76
and command of Anglo-American air force in Caucasus, 331, 335
command for Burma offensive, 374
and command in Far East, 87
command in Middle East, 199-200, 253, 297
and command for ROUNDUP and SLEDGEHAMMER, 196
and conferences at Chungking and Singapore, 85-86
construction program in, 326
convoy for TORCH from, 289, 315-16
Curtin requests divisions for Australia, 212-13
and decision to mount TORCH, 278-81, 328-29
defeat in Balkans, 285
defeat in France, 285
defeat in Greece, 54
defeat of Italians in Libya, 54
defense of Philippines, 69-70
defense of Suez Canal, 57, 252
deployment of British troops, 127, 137, 163, 195
deployment of U.S. air forces to, 43, 191, 194, 195, 200, 212, 217-18, 270-71, 273, 308-09, 318-24, 354-55
deployment of U.S. forces to, 102, 117, 147-48, 156, 195,217-18,270-71,273,308,322-37,353-55, 359,364
deployment of U.S. forces to, under ABC-1, 40-43, 47-48
deployment of U.S. forces to, under RAINBOW 5, 47-48
destroyers-for-bases transaction, 20-21
Drummond-Adler mission, 333-36
Eighth Air Force discontinues operations from, 319
entry into war against Japan considered, 66
essential supplies for, 156, 362
ETOUSA established in, 196-97
Far Eastern policy, 23, 34-38, 120-23, 142, 143, 372, 374
1st Armored Division instructors and equipment offered to. 250, 250n
forces for cross-Channel attack, 182, 185-86, 233, 239, 242, 260, 329, 377-78
and fraternization with Soviet troops, 331, 334, 335
and French Fleet at Alexandria, 252n
and German attack on USSR, 53
German threat to British Navy, 1940, 12, 13-14
German threat of invasion, 12, 13-14, 24-25, 39, 53, 109, 283
Ghormley-Emmons-Strong visit to London, 22-24
Indian Ocean area policy, 187, 189-90
Iran occupied by British and Soviet troops, 58
and Iranian railroad operations, 336-38
Japanese assets frozen by, 65
Japanese threat to, in Far East, 80
and landing craft, 192
lend-lease aid to, 56, 60-61, 61n, 62, 75, 78, 156, 206-07, 228, 271, 326. See also Aircraft, allocation to British.
loss of cruisers off Ceylon, 201n, 202
loss of ship carrying 34th Division equipment to, 316
and MacArthur as commander of SWPA, 165
Middle East command problems, 254-55
Middle East policy, 23-24, 53-55, 187-88, 189-90, 226-27
military conversations with Soviet Union, 328-29, 330, 364n
and Moscow conference, August 1942, 328-29
and munitions for China, 73
naval action at Mers-el-Kebir, 53-54
naval assistance to U.S. in Southwest Pacific, 260
naval support for Burma offensive, 374-75
offensive in Burma, 228-29, 308, 373-76
offensive in Europe, willingness to launch in 1942, 163, 233-35, 236-43, 266-69, 273-76, 278, 328-29. See also SLEDGEHAMMER.
offensive in Europe, willingness to launch in 1943, 268-69, 272-73, 325-27, 365-66, 378. See also ROUNDUP.
offensive in Europe, willingness to launch in 1944, 326, 365. See also ROUNDUP.
opposition to German aggression, 5-6, 8
and Pacific advisory council, 125
and Pacific War Council, 217n
Pershing’s World War I experience with, 24
plan for operations in China, 66, 73
and plan for operations in Far East, 76
reliance on American aid, 21-24
and a second front, 231-32, 233-35, 237-44, 325-27, 328-29
and security of Australia and New Zealand, 114, 120, 122,211-16
security of British Isles, 109, 283, 322, 364
shipping allocated to BOLERO, 186, 270-71, 309
shipping for North African operation, 176
shipping for U.S. troop movements to Pacific, 151
and Singapore, 34-38, 121-22, 122n
staff conversations requested, 28. See also American-British Conversations.
strategy of encirclement of Germany, 55, 61, 100-101, 102, 105, 280, 295-97, 299-300, 307
strategy in 1940, 21-24
strategy statement at ABC-l conference, 34-37
strategy statement at ARCADIA Conference, 99-101, 295-97, 322
strategy statement at Atlantic Conference, 53-55
strength of U.S. forces in, December 1942, 354 3rd Armored Division ordered to, 316, 316n
transfer of forces from North Africa to, 377
transfer of forces to TORCH from, 315-16,317,318 29th Division ordered to, 317, 317n, 323
U.S. air support of operations in India and Burma, 139, 142, 190, 202-03, 246-47
U.S. aircraft on hand in, December 1942, 360
U.S. assistance to, in Middle East, 244-55
and U.S. collaboration in Mediterranean, 53, 294-97
and U.S. entry into war, 53-56
U.S. munitions for, 15, 16-17, 19, 20, 30, 49
U.S. 1938
commitment for naval aid in Far East to, 36
and U.S. oil embargo on Japan, 64
and U.S. shipping for British troop movements, 163
and warning to Japan, 68-69
Greece, 43
British campaign in, 54, 112, 128, 130, 234
planning for invasion of, 363
Greely, Maj. Gen. John N., 58
Greenland, 6, 14, 49n, 52, 61n, 356n
Gross, Maj. Gen. Charles P., 107, 107n, 362n
Groups, air combat, 333. See also Army Air Corps; Army Air Forces.
for BOLERO, 195, 217-18, 241,324,354,360
for Caucasus, 330-32,335
for CBI, 137, 138-39, 141, 357
diversion from BOLERO to Pacific, 300, 301-02, 318, 320,322
for GYMNAST, 106
for Middle East, 202, 248, 250-51, 355
overseas, December 1942, 353. See also Deployment of U.S. forces.
for Pacific, 70, 72, 115, 149, 153, 158-59, 211, 300, 302, 304, 320, 358-60
for Pacific alternative, 271
for Siberia, 345
strength, August 1941, 48
strength, December 1941, 350
strength, December 1942, 350
for TORCH, 318-20, 354-55, 360
ultimate requirement estimate, 352. See also Victory Program; AWPD/1; 54-Group Program; 100-Group Program; 273-Group Program.
for Western Hemisphere, 356, 356n, 360
Groups, aviation
1st Ferrying, 141
3rd Air Depot, 141
3rd Bombardment, 149n
7th Bombardment, 72, 137, 149n
8th Pursuit, 149n
11th Bombardment, 264n
12th Bombardment, 248
19th Bombardment, 70, 70n, 137, 149n, 264n
22nd Bombardment, 149n
27th Bombardment, 149n
33rd Pursuit, 251n, 309n, 319-20, 320n
35th Pursuit, 72, 73, 137, 149n
38th Bombardment, 149n
49th Pursuit, 149n
51st Pursuit, 137
79th Fighter, 251n
98th Bombardment, 248
376th Bombardment, 333
Grunert, Maj. Gen. George, 65n, 66, 66n
Guadalcanal, 350, 368. See also Solomon Islands.
Army responsibility for, 359
loss of Hornet and Wasp in battle for, 311
Marine landings on, 300, 358-59, 367n
Marine units in operations on, 359n
pursuit planes for, 301
25th Division moved to, 359n
fortification not authorized by Congress, 3
line of advance through, 270
Guerrilla forces, 119. See also Resistance groups; Subversive activities.
British plan for operation in China, 66
Guns, 194
3-inch antiaircraft, for China, 75
75-mm. for Philippines, 68, 73
90-mm., 75
105-mm. for British in Middle East, 250-51, 255
for British, 20
shortage of, 48
GYMNAST, 111-19, 156, 249, 271-73, 276n, 282, 283, 285. See also North Africa, French; SUPER-GYMNAST; TORCH.
estimate of forces for, 105-07, 111-14, 235-36
revival of, 234-44, 256, 267-68, 278-81
shipping for, 107-08, 110-11, 113, 176, 236, 268
–H–
HALPRO. See Halverson Project.
Halsey, Vice Adm. William F., 368
Halverson, Col. Harry A., 139, 246
Halverson Project, 139, 141, 246-47, 250
Handy, Maj. Gen. Thomas T., 78n, 83n, 212n, 244, 259n, 271n, 287n, 290n, 300
on aid to USSR in a Soviet-Japanese war, 145
and amphibious training agreement, 314n
on composition of Western Task Force, 315
on crisis in Egypt, 251-52
on engineer amphibian brigades, 314n
on equipment and ammunition for troop training, 195n
on ground forces for Middle East, 279n, 290, 292n
and instructions for London conference, July 1942, 273
and Marshall Memorandum, 183
and Pacific deployment, 256, 257n
Harmon, Maj. Gen. Millard F., 139n, 304-05, 305n
on air operations in Pacific, 264
commands USAFISPA, 264-65
on reinforcement of South Pacific, 301, 303, 303n
Harries, Comdr. D. H., 84n, 88n
Harriman, W. Averell, 328n, 329n
on Arctic convoys, 337
and First (Moscow) Protocol, 57
at Moscow conference, August 1942, 328, 337
and operation of Iranian railroad, 337
Harriman mission to Moscow, 57n, 101, 143
Harris, Air Marshal A. T., 43
Hart, Admiral Thomas C., 76-78, 82, 84, 86n
Hartle, Maj. Gets. Russell P., 323, 326
Harvey, Col. Alva L., 343-44
Hawaii–Australia line, 147, 160-61, 185, 189, 198, 258, 300, 358-59, 369, 377. See also South Pacific.
allocation of U.S. forces to, 163-64
shortage of troops for, 151-54
Hawaiian Coastal Frontier, 263
Hawaiian Islands, 26, 118, 155, 157, 158, 160-61, 194, 212, 224, 377. See also Central Pacific; Central Pacific Area; Pearl Harbor; Pearl Harbor attack.
on air ferry route, 10, 96, 114
air units, mobile reserve in, 159, 211-12, 218-19, 223-24, 263n, 264, 299-300, 302, 320
alert ordered, 19
allocation of air forces to, 153-54, 211, 300, 302, 304, 320, 322n, 358n
antiaircraft artillery regiment in, 224n
B-17 squadron diverted to ANZAC Force from, 153, 263
B-17s ferried by 19th Bombardment Group to, 70
bomber units held to meet Japanese threat, 225, 259
defense of, 82, 102, 121, 161-62, 225n, 256-57, 263, 263n
11th Bombardment Group designated Hawaiian Mobile Air Force, 264n
Emmons commands Army forces in, 263
Fleet attack west of, advocated by MacArthur, 86
90th Bombardment Group assigned to, 302, 304n
and Pacific alternative, 271
planning for offensive operations west of, 3
and RAINBOW l, 6
reinforcement of, 49n, 81, 98, 117, 147, 152-54, 156, 162, 163-64, 176, 218, 256-57, 298, 358n
risk to Pensacola convoy in returning to, 83
sabotage in, predicted, 18
strength of Army forces in, December 1942, 359
supplies for, after Pearl Harbor attack, 83
27th Division ordered to, 151-52, 163
warning message to, 79
Hawaiian Mobile Air Force, 264n
Haynes, Col. Caleb V., 141
Hemisphere defense. See Western Hemisphere, defense of.
Hermes, 202
Hewitt, Rear Adm. Henry K., 197, 315
Holbrook, 72
Hollis, Brigadier L. C., 95n
HOLLY, 151. See also Canton Island.
Hopkins, Harry, 80n, 193, 193n, 204, 232, 252n, 273, 276, 276n, 310n, 324n, 326, 337, 363n
on aid to British in Middle East, 279
on aircraft allocations to USSR, 347
at ARCADIA Conference, 98
and lend-lease for China, 63
and lend-lease representative in Moscow, 57-58
at London conference, April 1942, 184, 188, 202, 211
at London conference, July 1942, 271n, 272, 278-82, 285n
on North African operation, 279, 282
and Pacific War Council, 21 7n
on plan for cross-Channel attack, 182
on President’s need of military advice, 51
and a second front, 182, 184, 184n, 188, 221, 235, 236, 240, 242-43
on shipping to move 4lst Division to Australia, 129
and shipping for Soviet lend-lease, 119
on target date for TORCH, 282, 284
and transport planes for USSR, 208, 210
on Wavell’s appointment to ABDA Command, 124, 124n
Horne, Vice Adm. Frederick J., 193
Hsiung Shih-fei, Lt. Gen., 227
Hughes-Hallett, Capt., 192n
Hull, Cordell
and British proposals on Singapore, 35n
commitment in 1938
for naval aid to British in Far East, 36
conference with President on military policy, 28
and Japanese threat to Kunming, 74n
on Plan Dog, 28
weekly meeting with Secretaries of War and Navy, 28n
Hull, Brig. Gen. John E., 183n, 290n, 323n
and BOLERO Combined Committee, 193
and Marshall Memorandum, 183
and SUPER-GYMNAST plan, 176n, 286n
Hull Island, 10
Hump, The, 372. See also China, air route over The Hump to.
Hungary, 43
–I–
Iberian Peninsula, 197n, 244, 244n
Stark’s recommendations for operations on, 26
subsidiary theater in American planning, 101
air protection for U.S. naval base in, 39
marines ordered to, 50-51
and northern convoy route to USSR, 310
President orders Navy to report German movements west of, 51
President orders occupation of, 50
pursuit squadron ordered to, 50-51
reinforcement under RAINBOW 5, 46
relief of British garrison, plans for, 45, 50-51, 52, 98, 102, 109, 308-09, 311, 355
relief of U.S. marines in, plans for, 98, 109-10, 117
strength of U.S. forces in, December 1942, 355
on transatlantic ferry route, 355
troop shipments to, 49n, 51, 117, 147-48, 156, 163, 176, 188, 270, 355, 358n
and USAFBI, 111
U.S. Army garrison in, plans for, 41, 47-49, 61n
Imphal, 228
India, 23, 35, 36, 86, 124, 128, 172, 178, 185, 194, 205, 214, 228, 245, 308, 311, 355, 372, 373, 375. See also China–Burma–India theater.
air operations from bases in, 136-38, 139-42
in area of British strategic responsibility, 165-67
Australian and New Zealand troops in, 114, 131, 163
boundary between Indian and Pacific theaters, 169n
British request for U.S. assistance in, 190, 202-04
in British strategy, 120, 122, 187, 189
Burma returned to operational command of, 164n
and command for Burma offensive, 374
Curtin proposes diversion of two British divisions to Australia from, 212-13
instruction of Chinese Army forces in, 357, 373-74
Japanese threat to, 157-58, 202-04, 213, 215, 271
movement of British divisions to, 163, 179
and Pacific alternative, 271
and Pacific War Council, 217n
strategic aim to hold, 156-58, 202-04
Tenth Air Force bombers diverted from, 250
Tenth Air Force established in, 140-42, 164, 246
Tenth Air Force reinforcement, 190, 203
troop movements to, 147n, 308-09
India Command, British, 190
Indian Infantry Brigade, 44th, 127
Indian Ocean, 10, 130, 211, 215
area of British strategic responsibility, 165-67, 189
British request for U.S. Navy reinforcement in, 189-90
Japanese operations in, 36, 157, 190, 200, 202-03, 205
strategic importance of, 163, 187
Tenth Air Force made available for operations in, 190, 203
INDIGO, 148
INDIGO-I, 51n. See also Iceland, relief of British garrison, plans for.
Japanese occupation of, 64-65
Japanese proposals on, 68
Japanese threat to, 15
Industrial production, 352, 361
objectives, 206n
priorities, 193-94
Infantry, 81, 106, 108, 180, 182-83, 185-86, 215, 228, 241, 254, 254n, 259, 270-71, 273, 276n, 279, 281, 285, 289, 300, 304-05, 308, 311, 313-18, 317n, 318n, 325-26, 329, 354-56, 359-60, 371, 377-78. See also Divisions; Infantry Divisions.
British theories on employment of, 55
Infantry Brigade, 51st, 150n
Infantry Divisions. See also Divisions.
1st, 48n, 313, 315-16, 316n, 317, 354
3rd, 48n, 285, 304, 313, 315, 315n, 354
6th, 48n
7th, 48n
8th, 48n
9th, 48n, 285, 313, 315, 315n, 354
24th (Hawaiian), 48n, 358n, 359n
26th, 48n
27th, 48n, 151, 152, 163, 164n, 257, 358n, 359n
28th, 48n
29th, 48n, 317, 317n, 318n, 323, 354
30th, 48n 31st, 48n 32nd, 48n, 109, 164n, 172, 303, 358n, 359n
33rd, 48n
34th, 48n, 109, 147, 191, 313, 316, 316n, 317, 354, 358n
37th, 48n, 109, 155n, 164n, 222-23, 222n, 358n, 359n
41st, 48n, 129-31, 149-52, 158, 162-63, 172, 303, 358n, 359
43rd, 48n, 304, 305n, 317, 317n, 359n
America!, 358n, 359n. See also New Caledonia, task force for defense of.
Philippine, 48n
Infantry Regiments
24th, 156
53rd, 258n
102nd, 151
105th, 151
106th, 151
108th, 151
147th, 359n
164th, 150
165th, 151
Ingersoll, Capt. Royal E., 18n
Intelligence, Navy, 13, 223, 224, 226
Intelligence estimates
British view of situation on Eastern Front, 237
of crisis in Egypt, 251-52, 253
of enemy intentions in North Africa, 291n
of European situation at end of 1940, 14-15
of Japanese intentions, 79-80, 223-25, 225n
prediction of attack on Midway and Unalaska, 224, 256
prediction of raid on west coast, 225, 225n
of Soviet ability to resist German invasion, 53
Intelligence reports
Intercepted messages, Japanese, 79, 223, 226
Intervention in war. U.S., 51-53
advocated by British at Atlantic Conference, 55, 103
and approval of ABC-1
assumption in planning, 14, 22, 25-26, 30, 33, 3839, 41-42, 47, 59, 66
declaration of war on Japan considered, 74-75
recommendations against, 12-13, 15, 29, 31
Iran, 214, 231, 278. See also U.S. Military Iranian Mission.
British control of railroad in, 336-37
British interest in, 331
British responsibilities in, 338
Connolly’s authority in, 338
deployment of U.S. forces to, 311, 339
Iran–Iraq Service Command redesignated PGSC, 338n
Soviet control of railroad in, 336n, 338
Spalding’s trip to, 337
strength of U.S. troops in, 339n
supply route to USSR through, 336-39. See also Persian Gulf; Persian Gulf Service Command. U.S. operation of railroad in, 337, 338n
Iran–Iraq Service Command, 338n. See also Persian Gulf Service Command.
Halverson Project planes forced down in, 246n
Iran–Iraq Service Command redesignated PGSC, 338n. See also Persian Gulf Service Command.
strength of U.S. troops in, 339n
Ireland. See Eire. See also Northern Ireland.
Irish Free State. See Eire.
Ismay, Maj. Gen. Sir Hastings, 188n, 238n, 243-44
Isolationism, 5, 31. See also Public opinion.
Italian Fleet, 246
Italy, 15, 30, 43, 57, 107, 197n
air operations against, 376-77
British plans for eliminating from war, 23, 34, 37, 100-101,363,377
campaign in Balkans, 54
coalition with Germany and Japan, 4, 11, 35
declaration of war on Britain and France, 12
defeat of, U.S. aim, 44, 60, 66, 366
defeat in Libya, 54
First Special Service Force assigned to operations in, 244n
offensive against forces in North Africa, 291
planning for invasion of, 286, 363
planning for war against, 6-8
threat to Western Hemisphere, 5-6, 13, 25
–J–
Japan, 1, 13-14, 43, 102, 136, 185, 352, 357-58, 360
and ADB report, 65-66
air operations against, planning for, 121, 138-46, 322, 341-46, 372-73
air superiority over, 123, 132, 154
aircraft carriers, superiority in, 120, 223, 256, 258
in area of American strategic responsibility, 165-67
Army and Navy objection to ultimatum to, 75
assets frozen by U.S., Dutch, and British, 65
and British strategy, 1940, 22-23
British strategy to defeat, after Germany, 34
coalition with Germany and Italy, 11, 35
command of operations against, 260-63
construction of naval vessels, 2
declaration of war on, considered, 74-75
Doolittle raid on, 139, 190, 204, 225
economic blockade of, 26, 65-66
embargo on exports to, 16n, 21, 21n, 25, 64-65, 68
Embick proposes understanding with, 16
entry into war predicted, 14, 71n
and Halverson Project, 139
junction of forces with Germany, 189-90, 200
landings in Buna–Gona region, 302
landings in Sarawak and Jolo, 88
limited war with, study of, 26
lines of advance to, 2, 9-10, 261, 270, 371-72
loss of Singapore in a war with, 37
and mandated islands, 2
messages intercepted from, 79, 223, 226
northern route of approach to, 371-72
offensive operations against, planning for, 123, 160, 167, 172, 182, 215, 258-63
operations in Bay of Bengal, 138, 202
operations in Central Pacific, 256, 258, 358
operations in China, 372
operations in North Pacific, 257, 258, 312, 342, 345, 357, 370-71
operations in Solomon Islands, 305-06, 308, 311, 367
operations in South China Sea, 261
operations in South Pacific, 259-61, 305-06, 358, 367-68, 369, 372, 373
operations in Southwest Pacific, 80, 88, 120, 126-27, 130, 131-36, 158, 299, 302, 367-68, 372, 373
ORANGE plan for war against, 1-3
Pearl Harbor attack, 80, 97, 350
prediction on beginning of hostilities with, 71n RAINBOW 5
governs operations against, 80
RAINBOW plans for war against, 6-10
reinforcement of Philippines as deterrent to, 69, 75-76
Roosevelt calls strategy conference on, 85-87
seizure of Manchuria, 2
settlement in Far East proposed by, 68
Soviet neutrality in war with, 86, 86n, 121, 142-44, 157, 336, 342, 343n, 344-45, 371
and Soviet supply route in North Pacific, 229
Stimson’s view of foreign policy on, 82
strategic defensive in operations against, 159-62, 174-75,187-88,211,212,215-16,218-19,296- 97,376,378
strategy to defeat first, 182, 267-69. See also Pacific alternative.
successes in Burma, 130-31, 227-28, 357
threat to Alaska, 224-25, 257, 370-72
threat of attack on U.S., 28-29, 225
threat to Australia, 115, 212-16, 219, 219n, 258
threat to Central Pacific, 224-25, 300, 359
threat to Far East, 5-6, 20, 25, 36, 71, 78-79
threat to India, 157-58, 202-04, 213, 271
threat to Indochina, 15
threat to New Caledonia, 115-16, 155-56
threat to New Zealand, 115, 219
threat to North Pacific, 224-25
threat to Panama Canal, 19
threat to Pearl Harbor, 18-19
threat to Solomon Islands, 292n
threat to South Pacific, 155-56, 211-12, 223-24
threat to Soviet Union, 121, 269, 270-71, 342, 34345, 343n
threat to Yunnan Province, 74-75
U.S. action to deter aggression, 15-16, 23, 56, 62, 74
and U.S. reinforcement of Southwest Pacific, 118
and Victory Program, 60-61
warning message to, August 1941, 68-69
withdrawal from League of Nations, 2
Allied headquarters in, 87, 126
bombers in defense of, 134-35, 138
CCS instructions to Wavell on withdrawal from, 134, 164
loss of, 127-28, 131-36, 138, 158, 164
pursuit planes for defense of, 131-36
Sea Witch and Langley diverted from Burma to, 135, 138
2nd Battalion, 131st Field Artillery Regiment lost in, 149
2nd Battalion, 131st Field Artillery Regiment moved to, 129
7th Armoured Brigade diverted to Burma from, 127, 137
Java Sea, 10
Jaynes, Lt. Col. Lawrence C., 47n
JCS. See Joint Chiefs of Staff.
JCS 16/2, 145n
JCS 18/2, 169n
JCS 19/1, 166n
JCS 23, 161n, 163, 163n, 164n, 175n, 179n, 180, 180n, 182n, 211, 212n, 353n, 354n, 357, 360n
JCS 48, 212n, 219n, 353n, 360n
JCS 81/1, 314n
JCS 97/2, 321n JCS 97/5, 322n
JCS 123/1, 348n
JCS 131/1, 333n
JCS 167/1, 376n
JCS 167/2, 376n
JCS 167/3, 378n
JCS 167/5, 378n
JCS 180/2, 345n
Johnston Island, 45
Johore Province, 127
Joint, definition of, 99n
Joint Army and Navy Basic War Plan-RAINBOW 5. See RAINBOW 5.
Joint Army and Navy Board. See Joint Board.
Joint Board. See also Joint Chiefs of Staff.
and ABC-1
conference, 30-31
and air ferry route to South Pacific, 70-71
and conversion of transports to aircraft carriers, 72
declaration of war on Japan considered by, 74-75
and Japanese threat to China, 74-75
meetings following Pearl Harbor attack, 81, 81n
on North African operation, 103
ORANGE plan approved by, 3
and Pensacola convoy, 82-83
plan for occupation of Azores, 50
plan for taking Dakar, 103
RAINBOW 4 approved by, 13
RAINBOW 5 and ABC-1 approved by, 46
RAINBOW 5 preparation directed by, 43
and RAINBOW plans, 5-7
on U.S. entry into war, 55-56
and Victory Program, 60n
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 105, 211, 217, 221, 222, 226, 231, 236-38, 268, 272-73, 302n, 310n, 347, 363, 367- 69, 373. See also Arnold, General Henry H.; JCS; King, Admiral Ernest J.; Leahy, Admiral William D.; Marshall, General George C.
on air bases in Siberia, 121-22, 145
on air offensive against Germany, 321, 376
on air operations against Italy, 376
and aircraft allocations, 207-10
and aircraft allocations to USSR, 348
and amphibious training agreement, 314
and Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 332-35
at ARCADIA Conference, 98, 295
on armored division for Middle East, 281n, 292n
Army Chief of Staff agent for, in SWPA, 172
and Army control of operations against Germany, 262
and bombers for Siberia, 345-46
on build-up in United Kingdom, 161, 376
on command for Anglo-American air force in Caucasus, 333
conference with Mountbatten, 196
on deployment of forces in Pacific, 161-62, 179, 211-12
deployment priorities study, 159-62, 211-12
directive to commanders of SWPA and POA, 171- 72
on directive for TORCH, 291-92
and Drummond-Adler mission, 332-35
1st Marine Division released to MacArthur by, 370
invasion of Continent, plan for, 179-80, 182, 280- 81, 376, 378-80
on invasion of Continent in 1942, 161, 180-81, 240
jurisdiction over operational strategy in SWPA, 172, 213
jurisdiction over Pacific area and operations, 166
King proposes Ghormley execute operation in South Pacific under, 262
Leahy appointed liaison officer for, 282n
and Middle East crisis, 260n
and Navy control of operations against Japan, 262
on North African operation, 280-81, 293
and northern route of approach to Japan, 372
on offensive in Burma, 372-74
on operations in 1943, 372-73, 376-77, 378-80
and operation against Rabaul, 369
on Pacific alternative, 270-71
Pacific Ocean Area established by, 168-69
on post-TORCH operations in Mediterranean, 379- 80
pre-Casablanca meeting with President, 379-80
and procurement program, 352
and production priorities, 194
on release of air groups from BOLERO, 281, 321-22
on release of shipping from BOLERO, 281
and shipbuilding program, 312
and shipping for movement to Northern Ireland, 117,148
and shipping for reinforcement of Australia, 117
Southwest Pacific Area established by, 168-69
on Soviet resistance if second front postponed, 180-81
strategic defensive policy in Pacific, 161-62, 172, 376
and strength of Army, December 1942, 351
on 33rd Pursuit Group for TORCH, 319-20
on timing of TORCH, 281
on transport planes for USSR, 208
on Turkey’s role in the war, 377
25th Division ordered to South Pacific by, 370
and ultimate size of Army, 352
and U.S. fighter units for Middle East, 189-90, 227
Joint Planning Committee
agenda for American-British Conversations, 29
and RAINBOW plans, 5-10
studies military situation, June 1940, 14-15
Joint Staff Planners, 249n
and ABC-4/CS-1, 295-97
and aid to USSR in a Soviet-Japanese war, 143-45
attitude toward TORCH, 295-97
deployment priorities study, 159-62
and grand strategy, 295-97
and northern route of approach to Japan, 372
on target date for TORCH, 283n
on transfer of forces from North Africa to U.K., 377
and ultimate size of Army, 352-53
Joint United States-Canada War Plan 2, 43
Joint U.S. Strategic Committee, 212n, 286n
and aid to USSR in a Soviet-Japanese war, 144-45
deployment priorities study, 159-62
on land offensive against Germany, 177-79, 187
JUPITER, 235, 244n, 267n, 269, 278, 326. See also Norway, British plans for invasion of.
–K–
Kamchatka Peninsula, 371n
convoy from Australia routed to, 138
Kharkov, 238
Khartoum, 247
Kimmel, Admiral Husband E., 80n
King, Admiral Ernest J., 113, 182, 193, 193n, 213, 233, 240, 259, 288, 301, 304, 305, 314n, 367-68, 379n, 382
on antiaircraft regiments for South Pacific, 299
on appointment of officer for liaison between President and JCS, 282n
on Army garrisons for islands in South Pacific, 151, 154-56, 222, 299
on assistance to British in Indian Ocean, 203
at Atlantic Conference, 53n
on China–Burma–India theater, 168n
on command of Army forces in South Pacific, 263, 263n
on command arrangements in Southwest Pacific, 168
on command for offensive operations in South–Southwest Pacific, 261-64
on command for TORCH, 286n
on concentration of forces in British Isles, 211, 212, 216
on cross-Channel
on decision to mount TORCH, 283
on deployment of air forces in Pacific, 211, 218-19, 223-24,225-26,300-303,321
on diversion of air groups from BOLERO, 300, 303, 321
on heavy bomber group for South Pacific, 211, 218-19
and instructions for London conference, July 1942, 273, 276
on Japanese threat to Central and North Pacific, 224-25, 225n
on Japanese threat to lines of communication to Australia, 223-24, 258
on Japanese threat to Port Moresby, 223
on land-based air cover for Navy, 223
on lend-lease for USSR, 230-32, 337
at London conference, July 1942, 272, 278-82
on mobile air forces for defense of South Pacific, 211, 219, 223-24, 264
on North African operation, 238, 268-69, 279-83, 287n
on northern route of advance to Japan, 371
on Pacific advisory committee, 125
on Pacific alternative, 268-70
on Pacific operations in 1943, 378
and plan-for capture of Amchitka and Kiska, 370
on plan for offensive operations in South Pacific, 260-63, 265
on plan for offensive operations in Southwest Pacific, 260-63, 302-03
on postponement of Task One, 265
on reinforcement of South Pacific, 300-301, 303
on relief of marines in Iceland, 109, 111
on security of British Isles, 283
on shipping for Middle East, 309
on strategic defensive in Pacific, 174-75, 211-12, 260-61
on target date for TORCH, 284
on transport planes for USSR, 208-10
on U.S. air forces for Middle East, 248
on U.S. troops for Middle East, 200, 279
King George V, 33n
Kirk, Alexander C., 253n
Kiska, 356. See also Aleutian Islands.
First Special Service Force assigned to operation against, 244n
Japanese landing on, 257
plan for capture of, 370-72
target date for operation against, 371
Kiska Harbor, 371
Kittredge, Capt. Tracy B., 7n
approves RAINBOW 5
and ABC-l, 46
approves statement for American-British Conversations, 30
at ARCADIA Conference, 98
conference with President on military policy, 28-29
and North African operation, 113
and Plan Dog, 25
and Victory Program, 60n
weekly meetings with Secretaries of State and War, 28n
Kodiak, 224
Kra Isthmus, 80n
Krueger, Col. Walter, 2n
Kungsholm, 117
Kunming, Japanese threat of attack on, 74-75
Kuril Islands, 371n
Kuter, Brig. Gen. Laurence S., 78n, 257n
–L–
Lae, planning for operations against, 262, 303. See also Task Two.
Land, Rear Adm. Emory S., 129, 193n, 206
Land offensive
against Germany, 7, 8, 46, 58, 61, 100, 156-61, 162, 163, 174-75, 177-87, 194, 202, 206, 295-97, 298, 365-66, 373, 376-77, 380-82
against Germany, British view on, 24, 55, 100, 179-80, 326-27
against Germany, Stark’s view on, 26-27
in North Africa, 8, 27, 103, 175-76, 234-44, 26770, 271, 272-73, 277-327. See also GYMNAST; SUPER-GYMNAST; TORCH.
in northwestern Europe in 1942, plan for, 177-79, 180-81, 185, 186-87, 188-89, 190-92, 193, 196, 208-09, 210, 221-22, 230-32, 233-35, 236-44, 255, 266-68, 273-76, 277, 278, 280, 314, 322, 326, 328-29. See also BOLERO; SLEDGEHAMMER.
in northwestern Europe in 1943, plan for, 100, 179-81, 187-88, 190-97, 232, 235, 236, 238-39, 243, 267, 268-70, 273-76, 277-78, 279-81, 314, 318, 322-27, 329, 353-54, 360, 364, 376-77, 382. See also BOLERO; ROUNDUP.
in northwestern Europe in 1944, plan for, 326-27, 365-66. See also ROUNDUP.
Landing craft, 180, 182, 187, 233, 361, 362
for BOLERO, 186, 186n, 271, 312
British view of use of, in invasions, 100
construction of, 186, 192-94, 312
for ROUNDUP, 186, 186n, 192-93, 377
for SLEDGEHAMMER, 186, 192-93, 235, 239, 241, 266
for Southwest Pacific, 370
Langmead, Col. Edmund C., 207n
Lassiter, Maj. Gen. William, 18n
Latin America, 6, 18,25, 29. See also South America.
aircraft on hand in, December 1942, 360n
bases for use of U.S. forces, 43
deployment of U.S. forces to, 356, 356n, 360
U.S. support in defense of, 44
League of Nations, 2
Leahy, Admiral William D., 284n, 304, 310n, 324n, 335n, 363n, 379n
on air forces for TORCH, 303-04, 321
appointed chief of staff to President, 282n
discussions with British naval staff, 1939, 8n
on diversion of air groups from BOLERO, 321
on ground forces for Pacific, 303-04
on target date for TORCH, 282-83
Leary, Vice Adm. Herbert F., 170, 171n
Leased bases. See Atlantic, leased bases.
Ledo, 373
Lee, Brig. Gen. Raymond E., 33, 33n, 34, 34n, 42n
Lembang, Java, 126n
Lend-lease, 62, 78, 139, 142, 156, 163, 179, 201, 205-10, 226, 228, 229-32, 273, 311, 325-26, 329, 334, 336-48, 357, 362, 380. See also individual countries.
Act of 11 March 1941, 33, 56, 63
Army responsibilities in, 56
military missions, 56-58, 245. See also American Military Mission to China; Military mission to North Africa; Military mission to USSR; U.S. Military Iranian Mission.
Lend-Lease Administration, 63, 143
Leningrad, 240
Lewis, Lt. Col. John T., 107n
Libya, 23, 175n, 226, 276n, 286. See also North Africa.
in area of British strategic responsibility, 166
British campaign in, 54, 102, 175, 176, 189, 200, 236, 244-46, 248, 250-55, 265, 297, 298, 330, 334
Italian defeat in, 54
Lindsay, Lt. Col. Richard C., 249n
Little, Admiral Sir Charles, 43, 238
Litvinov, Ambassador Maxim, 121n
and Alaska–Siberia air route, 342, 342n
on Soviet neutrality in war with Japan, 86n
Lockwood, Brig. Gen. Benjamin C., Jr., 155
London conference, April 1942, 187-90, 191, 192
London conference, July 1942, 278-81, 299-300, 322, 326, 328
instructions for, 273-78
Long, V. D., 368n
Lovett, Robert A., 142n, 247n, 382
Lurline, 151
Luzon, 65-66, 95, 122. See also Philippine Islands.
–M–
M Day. See Mobilization Day.
MacArthur, General Douglas, 73, 87-88, 123, 222n, 228-29, 268, 298, 301, 303-04, 305, 305n, 382
allocation of air forces to, 211
arrives in Australia, 169-71
and campaign in New Guinea, 367
and command of offensive operations in South-Southwest Pacific, 258-63,302-03,368-70
commands SWPA, 169-73,215
commands USAFFE, 67
conferences with British, Dutch, and U.S. Navy, 76-78
on cross-Channel attack, 215-16
on Curtin’s request for British aid for SWPA, 213-14
on delivery of planes to Philippines by aircraft carrier, 84,88
directive to, as Supreme Commander, SWPA, 171-72
1st Marine Division released to, 370
Fleet counterattack west of Hawaii requested by, 86
Military Advisor to Commonwealth Government of the Philippines, 67
on Navy control of operations in Pacific, 262
on offensive operations against New Britain–New Ireland area, 259-60, 261, 261n, 302
on offensive operations against New Guinea, 261, 302-03
on offensive operations against Solomon Islands, 259, 261
ordered to Australia, 165
orders bombers to East Indies and Australia, 95
on Pensacola convoy, 84,88
Philippine command attacked by Japanese, 81-83
Philippine command transferred to Dutch, 164
and Philippine defenses, 67-68,72-73,84-85
on postponement of Task One, 265
promotion to general, 67n
and RAINBOW 5,80
relations with Australian Government, 212-15
on releasing guns to China, 75, 75n
requests reinforcement of SWPA, 213-15,265,299, 369-70
on Soviet intervention in war with Japan, 86,215
on square division for Philippines, 72n
strategy statement at Singapore conference, 86n
on strategy in war against Japan, 213-16
and withdrawal to Bataan, 95
Maclay, John S., 108n
McCloy, John J., 59n, 153n, 210n, 247n, 298n
McCrea, Capt. John L., 211n, 240n, 284n
MacDonald, Lt. Col. George C., 142n
McDowell, Comdr. L. R., 33n
McKee, Col. John L., 256, 257n
McNair, Lt. Gen. Lesley J.
on engineer amphibian brigades, 314n
on token force for defense of British Isles, 48n
McNarney, Lt. Gen. Joseph T., 28n, 39n, 259n, 271, 300
at ABC-1
conference, 33
on BOLERO, 268
on decision to mount TORCH, 282
on deployment of air forces under ABC-1
and ABC-2, 39-40
on entering the war, 52
on fighter aircraft for TORCH, 319
McNaughton, General, 186n
Maddocks, Col. Ray T., 352n
Maginot Line, 11
MAGNET, 109, 109n, 148, 156, 191, 323. See also Northern Ireland.
Magruder, Brig. Gen. John, 86
heads AMMISCA, 57
on Yunnan war scarc, 74-75
Maisky, M., 326
Makassar Strait, 82n
Malay Archipelago, 26,34,74
Malay Barrier, 45,121,122,136
defense of, 26,78
definition of, 45n
line of advance through, 270
in ABDA Command, 123
and American area of strategic responsibility, 166
British plans for holding, 23
Japanese invasion of, 80
Japanese threat to, 22-23,65-66,79
loss of, 120,126-28,130,131,158
Malaysia. See Malay Archipelago.
Malony, Brig. Gen. Harry J., 207n
Malta, 238
Manchuria, 2,228,345
Mandated islands, Japanese, 2, 9, 10n
Manila, 120
Manila Bay, 3,9
Mariana Islands, 2
Marine Corps, 44,304
amphibious division for Hawaii, 163
defense battalion and fighter squadron for Efate, 156
diversion of materiel to, 49
division for GYMNAST, 106, 117
division for offensive operations in Southwest Pacific, 259,300,369
landings on Guadalcanal, 300,358-59
raider battalion offered to MacArthur by Nimitz, 259
relief of troops in Iceland, 51,109-10,117
troops for Azores operation, 50
troops ordered to guard air bases in Brazil, 148
troops ordered to Iceland, 50-51
troops for Pacific island bases, 154,299
Marine defense battalions, 359n
Marine Division, 1st, 370
Marine Division, 2nd, 359n
Marine raider battalions, 369
Marine Regiment, 2nd, 359n
Marine Regiment, 8th, 359n
Mariposa, 132n
Maritime provinces, USSR, 79, 121, 371n
Marquesas Islands, 7
Marrakech, 291
Marshall, General George C., 10, 28, 57, 143, 144, 147, 181, 190, 196, 201-02, 216, 217, 233, 237, 238, 240, 242, 244, 259n, 263n, 264-65, 267, 290, 291n, 300, 314n, 325, 328, 329, 345, 363n, 367, 374, 375, 380
at ABC-1
conference, 33
and ABC-1
report, 43
on ABDA Command, 123-25
on adequate training of troops, 50, 208-09, 285
agent for JCS in SWPA, 172
and air offensive against Germany, 324
on Alaska–Siberia ferry route, 346
on allocation of aircraft to USSR, 207, 231-32, 347-48
on American planners’ attitude toward TORCH, 295-97
and ammunition for Middle East, 253
on Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 330-31, 335
appointed Chief of Staff, 12n
on appointment of Eisenhower as TORCH commander, 286, 286n
on appointment of liaison officer between President and JCS, 282n
at ARCADIA Conference, 99
and areas of strategic responsibility, 166
at Atlantic Conference, 53n
authority to release equipment to foreign governments, 21
on B-17s for Hawaii, 18
and balanced ground force for BOLERO, 323
on BOLERO plan, 183-84
and British view of grand strategy, 296-97, 322
and build-up of U.S. forces in U.K., 188, 205, 298, 323, 324, 364
at Casablanca Conference, 380-82
and CCS 94, 280-83, 294-97, 297n
on civil airline transports, 209-10
on command of offensive operations in Pacific, 261-63, 303
on concept of TORCH operation, 288, 292, 293n
on crisis in Egypt, 251-52
on cross-Channel attack, 179-80, 182, 188, 206, 215, 218-19, 234n, 236, 238-39, 255n, 268-69, 280-81, 283, 322, 364, 379-81
on decision to mount TORCH, 282-83, 294-97, 301
on declaration of war on Japan, 75
on defense of Indian Ocean area, 189, 200, 202-03
on defense of Middle East, 189, 200, 202-03, 251-52, 279, 298
on defense of Pearl Harbor, 18
on defense of the Philippines, 67-68, 75, 82, 85
on depletion of divisions for TORCH, 317-18
on deployment to Alaska, 371
deployment policy for Hawaii, 162, 218, 256-57, 257n
and deployment of Tenth Air Force, 203, 228
and diversion of air groups from BOLERO, 281, 296, 301-02, 302n, 321-22
on diversion of 37th Division to Fiji Islands, 222
on emergency operation in 1942, 188, 218-19, 232, 243, 255n
on emergency operation in 1943, 364
on establishment of base in Australia, 87
on establishment of ETO, 196-97
on establishment of Special Army Observer Group, London, 42
on establishment of SWPA, 168-69
on expeditionary forces in 1941, 50
on fate of British and French Fleets, 18
instructions to Bundy on trip to Moscow, 101
on Japanese threat to Kunming, 75
on Japanese threat to west coast, 225
on lend-lease to USSR, 231-32, 337
at London conference, April 1942, 181n, 184, 187-90, 211, 218
at London conference, July 1942, 271n, 272-82, 272n, 286
on loss of shipping and of troops, 379
and MacArthur’s relations with Curtin, 214
and Maxwell-Brereton command dispute, 255
on movement of troops to Iceland, 110-11, 148, 188
on movement of troops to Northern Ireland, 110-11,188
on munitions for Britain, 15, 19
on munitions for China, 75
on naval aid to British at Singapore, 35-36
on offensive in Burma, 373
on offensive operations in Southwest Pacific, 259-63, 303, 368
on oil embargo against Japan, 64-65
and operations in Aleutians, 312, 370
on operations in Mediterranean, 363-64
on operations in North Africa, 105, 110-11, 112, 118, 235-36, 268-69, 272, 279-81, 282-85, 296-97, 298, 322, 363-64
on operations against Sardinia and Sicily, 379
on operations after TORCH, 363-64, 378-79
orders alert to overseas commands, 19
orders Eisenhower to War Plans Division, 87
orders establishment of USAFIME and USAFICA, 245
orders 4lst Division to Australia, 129
orders Stilwell to China, 140
orders Stilwell to Washington, 104
orders troop movements after Pearl Harbor attack, 81
on Pacific advisory council, 125, 217n
on Pacific alternative, 268-72
on Pacific deployment, 115, 154-55, 218-19, 224, 225-26, 257, 299-304, 320
on participation of British troops in TORCH, 281
on peace or war status, April 1941, 51-52
on Pensacola convoy, 82-83
on reinforcement of Alaska, 218, 258n
relationship to President as Chief of Staff, 32
on relief of British troops in Iceland, 50
on relief of marines in Iceland, 51, 1 1 1
on Roosevelt’s failure to approve RAINBOW 5, 47
and Roosevelt’s instructions for London conference, July 1942, 273-78
on security of British Isles, 283
seeks time in negotiations with Japan, 79
on service troops for TORCH, 317
on shortage of equipment for TORCH, 317-18
and show of strength in Pacific, 15
on slow down of BOLERO, 218-19
on strategic policy, June 1940, 17-20
on strategic policy. May 1940, 13
on strategy in war with Japan, 30, 217-19, 268-72
on support of China, 228
on tanks and guns for Middle East, 250, 255
on target date for TORCH, 283, 284
on transport planes for USSR, 208-10
trip to west coast, 225
and Troop Basis, 1942, 195
on troop movements, 316-17
on unity of command, 123-24, 263
on U.S. air forces for Middle East, 188, 200-201, 248, 255
on U.S. ground forces for Middle East, 200, 239, 249-50, 254
Marshall Memorandum, 181n, 183-89, 187n, 353n, 360. See also BOLERO.
Martaban, 130
Martinique, 52
Mascara, 291
Massaua, 251
Material, shortage of, 48, 382. See also Equipment; Munitions.
Matsonia, 149
Matthews, H. Freeman, 107n
Mauretania, 309n
Maxwell, Maj. Gen. Russell L., 248
command relationship with Brereton, 255
commands SOS, USAFIME, 255n
heads military mission in North Africa, 57
at Moscow conference, August 1942, 328, 329
on release of A-20s at Basra to British, 253n
on service troops for Middle East, 199
and U.S. operation of Iranian railroad, 337
withdraws mission personnel to Asmara, 252n
Mediterranean, 8, 14, 34, 62, 353, 362, 381-82. See also GYMNAST; North Africa, French; TORCH.
aircraft on hand in, December 1942, 360n
and American naval effort, 27, 30, 38, 41, 45, 53
American view of offensive operations in, 294-97, 298, 376-77
area of British strategic responsibility, 166
bombing of Germany from bases in, 321, 325, 364
bombing of Italian Fleet units in, 246
British plans for landings in, 285-86, 285n
British plans for limited offensives in, 100-101, 104, 174, 294, 295-97, 327, 363, 377-78
German intervention in, 54
offensive operations in, 113, 254, 270, 272, 276, 355, 363
planning for operations after TORCH in, 363-67, 376-79
Tenth Air Force bombers diverted to operations in, 246-47
TORCH plan for landings in, 281, 286, 287-88, 287n, 289-91. See also Algiers; Bone; Oran.
Melbourne, 135, 137, 150, 168, 213, 214
Mers-el-Kebir, 54
Mesopotamia. See Iraq.
Michela, Col. Joseph A., 329n, 341n
Middle East, 40, 41, 102, 109, 185, 194, 204, 211, 236, 256, 272, 291, 328, 353n, 354, 366, 376. See also Egypt; Libya; North Africa; Syria.
air forces for Caucasus from, 330-31, 333
air operations complementary to TORCH in, 321
air superiority in, 320
as air theater for combat operations, 255, 360
Andrews commands USAFIME, 255n
area of British strategic responsibility, 165-67, 200, 226, 254, 331, 355
armored division for, 239, 249-50. 249n, 250n, 281n, 290, 292n
Auchinleck assumes command in, 252
Axis threat to British position in, 53, 200-201, 244-55. See also Libya, British campaign in.
as base for U.S. air forces, 40
Brereton commands U.S. Army Air Forces in, 247
British command in, 199-200, 253, 297
in British strategy, 23-24, 55, 101, 200
defense of, 198-203, 244-55, 260n, 270, 271, 277, 297-98, 308
and Drummond-Adler mission, 332-36
establishment of USAFICA, 245
establishment of USAFIME. 245-46, 338
Fellers’ recommendations on, 253-54, 297
HALPRO group detained in, 246-47
international corps for, 253
Iran-Iraq Service Command redesignated PGSC, 338n
loss of ship carrying tanks and guns to, 251
Marshall orders air observers to, 24
Maxwell commands SOS, USAFIME, 255n
Maxwell commands USAFIME, 245, 255
Maxwell-Brereton command dispute in, 255
movement of British divisions to, by U.S. shipping, 163, 179, 198
movement of British troops to, 167, 176, 186, 238, 249
PGSC redesignated Persian Gulf Command, 338n
Polish Army forces in, 237
retention of Australian and New Zealand divisions in, 152, 162-63
return of Australian divisions from, 127-28, 130-31, 152, 212, 214
shipment of ammunition to, 253
Soviet release of A-20s at Basra for use in, 253
strategic aim to hold, 53-55, 156, 158, 181, 187-88, 189-90
strength of U.S. air forces in, June July 1942, 250n
strength of U.S. tortes in, December 1942, 355
subsidiary theater in American planning, 101, 201, 254
supply route to USSR, 336-39. See also Persian Gulf; Persian Gulf Service Command.
tanks and guns for, 250
Tenth Air Force reinforcements held in, 247-48
Tenth Air Force squadron diverted to, 246-47 33rd Pursuit Group diverted to TORCH from, 251n, 319-20
376th Bombardment Group organized in, 333
U.S. air forces for, 188, 189-90, 200-202, 227, 245-49, 250-51, 253-54, 273, 297-98, 298n, 308-09, 318-19, 320-21, 320n, 322n, 355
U.S. Military Iranian Mission redesignated, 338n
use of American troops in, 55, 98, 198-200, 226, 235, 239, 245-46, 249-50, 251, 254, 273, 277-79, 279n, 290, 292n, 339, 355, 357
Middle East Command, British, 250n, 253, 255
and Drummond-Adler mission, 333
Midway, Battle of, 256, 258, 259, 264, 298, 358
on air ferry route, 70-71
Japanese threat to, 224-25
Miles, Brig. Gen. Sherman, 18n, 33
Military mission to China. See American Military Mission to China.
Military mission to Iran. See U.S. Military Iranian Mission.
Military mission to London, U.S. See Special Army Observer Group.
Military mission to North Africa, 57, 198-99, 245, 252n. See also Iran–Iraq Service Command. Military mission to USSR, 58, 198
Military missions, provision for in ABC-l, 41-43. See also British Joint Staff Mission; Special Army Observer Group.
Military Representatives of Associated Pacific Powers, 361n
Milne Bay, 303
Mobilization, 19, 103, 194-96, 350-53, 382
materiel
required for, 17
required by surrender of British or French Fleet, 17n
Molotov, Foreign Commissar Vyacheslav M., 121n
conversations in London, 231, 233-34, 267, 328-29
conversations in Washington, 231-32, 233-34, 329, 342
and Drummond-Adler mission, 335
signs First (Moscow) Protocol, 57
and situation in Caucasus, 332
Molucca Sea, 10
Monterey, 149
Moore, Capt. C. J., 14n
Moore, Maj. Gen. Richard C., 68n
Morgenthau, Henry L., Jr., 16, 19n
Mormacsun, 132n
Morocco, French, 14. See also GYMNAST; North Africa, French; TORCH.
air defenses in, 278n
French sentiment in. 278n
invasion of, 334
plan for landings in, 100, 102, 106, 109, 236, 277-78, 285, 285n, 289, 291, 311. See also Casablanca.
Morocco, Spanish, 105, 105n, 307, 327
force for control of, 289
Morris, Maj. Gen. E. L., 33
Moscow, 240, 328, 329n, 330, 332, 334, 336, 342-44, 346, 349, 364n
Moscow conference, August 1942, 328-29. 330, 330n, 337
Moscow Protocol. See First (Moscow) Protocol. See also Second (Washington) Protocol.
Mostaganem, 291
Mount Vernon, 72
Mountbatten, Vice Adm. Lord Louis, 197
on SLEDGEHAMMER, 196, 235, 266
trip to Washington, 233-35, 236, 245, 249
Munich agreement, 4
Munitions, 307, 361, 372. See also Equipment; Materiel.
allocated to lend-lease, 59
allocation of, 166, 204-05, 214, 227, 229-32
for Britain, 16-17, 20, 49, 59, 61, 204. See also Great Britain, lend-lease aid to.
British view on production of, 100
diversion to U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, 49
production of, 20, 58-60, 99, 192-95. See also Industrial production.
Munitions Assignments Board, 194, 207-09, 230, 337, 342, 346-48
China requests representation on, 204-05, 227
Munitions Assignments Committee (Air), 207
Murmansk, 142, 229, 230, 310, 331, 336
Myitkyina, 373
–N–
Napier, Brigadier Vernon M. C., 117
Nash, Walter, 259n
Joint Resolution of 1940 authorizing call of, 21, 21n
restriction on use outside Western Hemisphere, 49
retention in service, 1941, 51
Naval bases
for Iceland, 39
Naval escort vessels, 180, 238, 260, 268, 279, 281, 310, 361, 362. See also Destroyer escorts.
shortage of, 96, 105, 236, 311, 336
for TORCH, 286, 292, 307, 309, 311-13, 322
Naval limitation agreements, 2
Navy, British, 8n, 10, 27, 180, 238
action at Mers-el-Kebir, 54
reinforcement in Far East, 10n
safety of, 12, 14, 17n, 18, 25
Navy, French, 12, 14, 17-18, 175
action at Mers-el-Kebir, 54
at Alexandria, 252n
Navy, Italian, 246
Navy, U.S., 1, 14, 42, 52, 103n, 147, 158, 230, 272, 294, 301, 342. See also King, Admiral Ernest J.; Stark, Admiral Harold R.
and ADB report, 67
air defense for Efate, 156
Allied naval forces in SWPA commanded by officer of, 171n
amphibious training agreement, 314, 314n, 315n
antisubmarine operations, 312n
Army transports transferred to, 72
and basing U.S. Fleet in Pacific, 18
on bomber offensive against Germany, 321
and British request for reinforcements in Indian Ocean, 189-90, 202-03
cargo shipping requirements in Pacific, 310n
combat loaders for movement to Northern Ireland, 148
combat loaders for TORCH, 283, 284
on command arrangements in South Pacific, 263-64
on command arrangements in Southwest Pacific, 168-69
and command for offensive operations in South-
Southwest Pacific, 261-63, 368-70
and command for TORCH, 315
complementary relation to British Navy, 27
control of operations in the Pacific, 262, 264
control of shipping, 310n
and conversion of transports to aircraft carriers, 72
convoying in the Atlantic, 29, 41, 45
defense force for North Pacific, 225, 257
on defensive operations in Pacific, 174-75, 189
deployment of forces, 223, 268, 270, 306, 310-11
and dive-bombers for China, 75
diversion of materiel to, 49
and ETOUSA, 197
and fighter aircraft for South Pacific, 319
inability to furnish naval forces for support of Philippines, 69-70, 82n, 85, 88
intelligence reports from broken Japanese code, 223, 224
on Japanese threat to Central Pacific, 225n
and Japanese threat to Hawaii, 83
and Japanese threat to Kunming, 74-75
and defenses of Singapore, 38n
land-based air cover for, 154-56, 160, 223, 256, 259-60
and landing craft, 192, 193-94
MacArthur reports arrangements with, 78
Nimitz directed to name commander in South Pacific, 264
and North African operation, 270, 286n, 292n, 310-11. See also GYMNAST; TORCH.
North Pacific area to be commanded by officer of, 169
and offensive operations in South Pacific, 259-63, 368
and offensive operations in Southwest Pacific, 131, 155, 259-63, 368-70
and operations in Aleutians, 312
and operations in Mediterranean, 27, 30, 38, 41
on Pacific deployment, 161, 210-12, 218, 225-26, 267, 299-301, 305, 320-21
and Pacific island defenses, 45
and Pacific Ocean Area, 169
and Pensacola convoy, 88
planning with British, 7, 7n, 10, 27
plans for garrisoning Palmyra and American Samoa, 115
plans for operations in the western Pacific, 3, 9
President’s directive on German shipping in Atlantic, 1941, 51
Ranger loaned for movement of aircraft to Middle East, 248
refueling station at Borabora, 114-15
shipbuilding program, 193-94. 312
and shipping for Pacific troop movements, 304-05
on shortage of bombers in South Pacific. 154, 210-12
and Soviet lend-lease program, 206
and strategy statement, June 1940, 20
on target date for TORCH, 284
transport plane requirements, 210
transportation of troops to Philippines after M Day, 45n
and Victory Program, 60n
withdrawal from Solomons area, 302
Navy Department. See Navy, U.S.
Near East, 14, 155, 158, 226, 273
area of British strategic responsibility, 166
precedence of British shipments to, 117
Nelson, Donald M., 193, 193n, 206
Netherlands, 122. See also Dutch East Indies.
and ABDA Command, 123
and ADB conference at Singapore, 65
anticipation of Japanese attack in Far East, 15, 80
British plan for invasion of, 100
and command in Far East, 87
and conferences in Far East, 76, 85-86
and defense of Philippines, 69-70
freezes Japanese assets, 65
German victory in, 11
and Pacific advisory committee, 125
and Pacific War Council, 217n
and plan for operations in Far East, 76
planning for invasion of, 221, 243
U.S. assistance to, in Far East, 26
and U.S. oil embargo on Japan, 64
and warning to Japan, 68-69
Netherlands Air Force, 131
Netherlands Indies. See Dutch East Indies.
Nevins, Col. Arthur S., 183n
New Britain, planning for operations against, 259-63, 367-70. See also Task Three.
New Caledonia, 10, 155-56, 160, 222-24, 263
Americal Division in, 358n
artillery battalions ordered to, 129n
bomber squadron for, 154
controlled by Free French, 114
forces for forward areas from, 299
and Pacific alternative, 271
pursuit squadron for, 149n, 150, 154
72nd Field Artillery Regiment ordered to, 150
in South Pacific Area, 168-69
task force for defense of, 115-17, 129, 148-50, 158, 211
New Delhi, 374
New Guinea, 10, 88, 350, 371, 377
air base construction in, 302-03
campaign in, 367-68
Japanese operations in, 302
planning for operations against, 259-63, 265, 270, 302-03, 367-70. See also Task Two.
7th Australian Division ordered to, 303
New Ireland, planning for operations against, 259-63, 367-70. See also Task Three.
New York Port of Embarkation, 118, 149, 316
New Zealand, 9, 36, 115, 125, 185, 194, 358, 377
and ABC-1
conference, 33n
and ADB conference at Singapore, 65
in area of American strategic responsibility, 165-67
and British Joint Staff Mission, 42
Churchill requests U.S. send a division to, 162-63, 179
and defense of Fiji Islands, 151, 211, 222
disposition of ground forces, 131, 152, 162-63,198
divisions for operations in Southwest Pacific, 369
43rd Division ordered to, 305
Japanese threat to, 114-15
and Pacific War Council, 217n
in South Pacific Area, 168-69
37th Division diverted to Fiji Islands from, 222-23
on unified command in South-Southwest Pacific, 168, 170
Newall, Air Chief Marshal Sir Cyril L., 22-24
Newfoundland, 44, 49n, 53, 61n, 68, 148, 356n
Nimitz, Admiral Chester W.
and allocation of forces to Hawaii, 256, 300
on allocation of forces to South Pacific, 299, 301
and authority over Army forces in Hawaii, 263, 263n, 304n
on bombers for South Pacific, 224n
on capture of Amchitka, 370
and command of offensive operations in South-Southwest Pacific, 261, 368
commands Pacific Fleet, 263, 264
commands Pacific Ocean Area, 169
directive to, as Commander in Chief, POA, 171
intelligence estimate of Japanese intentions, 224, 225n
names Ghormley commander in South Pacific, 264
on offensive operations in South Pacific, 258-59, 303
and plan for operations in Aleutians, 370
Ninth Air Force
Brereton commands, 333
and 376th Bombardment Group for operations in Transcaucasia, 333
Nome, 258
Nomura, Kichisaburo, 68
North Africa, 8, 34, 114. See also Libya; Middle East.
British campaign in desert, 54, 102, 152, 175, 245, 250-53, 298, 330, 333-34. See also LIGHTFOOT.
German reinforcement of, 54,117,246, 251, 354
military mission for, 57, 198-99, 245
North Africa, French, 26, 98, 117, 244n, 314n, 347, 350, 351, 354, 356, 362, 366, 380. See also Africa; North Africa; West Africa.
air force for operations in 318-22
and air offensive against Germany, 321, 325, 364-65, 376
American operation in, planning for, 104-07, 111-14, 235-36, 238-40, 278-80, 285-86. See also GYMNAST.
American view on operations in, 103-05, 111-13, 117-19, 175-76, 235-36, 238-39, 242-44, 268-70, 271, 272-73, 277-86, 287-89, 290-93, 294-97, 298, 307
Anglo-American operations in, planning for, 55, 113-14, 113n, 117-18, 148, 155, 175-76, 235-36, 278-93, 299-300; 303, 304-05, 306, 307, 322-27. See also SUPER-GYMNAST; TORCH.
British advocacy of operations in, 55, 102-03. 189, 197, 235, 238-40. 242, 244, 250, 255, 267, 276n, 280-81, 294-97, 307, 327
British plans for operations in, 101-03, 106, 112, 238-40, 284-85, 287-88, 291-93. See also GYMNAST.
Casablanca port in operations in, 113-14, 235-36, 285
command of operations in, 175, 279, 281, 286-87
and decision to mount TORCH, 281-84, 331
deployment of forces to, 354-55, 359, 364
discontinuance of planning for invasion of, 175-77
Eisenhower commands TORCH operation in, 286-87
estimate of enemy intentions in, 291n
estimate of forces for operations in, 105-07, 236, 278n, 285, 287, 288-89, 290n, 313-22
French resistance to Axis in, 14
French sentiment in, 102-03, 112-13. 117, 175-76, 236, 277, 278n, 289, 307
German threat to, 23, 104-05, 282
intelligence reports on, 113, 278n
invasion of, 251n, 334, 363-64, 376
invitation to invade, 102-03, 175-76
postponement to May 1942
of operation in, 118, 119, 148, 163, 167, 175
revival of planning for operation in, 234-44, 256, 267, 268, 278-81
security of lines of communication in, 104, 105n, 363-64
shipping for operations in, 107-08, 111, 114, 118, 148, 283-85, 308-13
strength of U.S. forces in, December 1942, 354-55
timing of operation in, 118-19, 281, 282-85, 287-89, 290, 292, 309-10
transfer of forces from U.K. to, 315-16, 317-18
transfer of forces to U.K. from, 377
use of British troops for operations in, 103, 235-36, 281, 286n, 313
North America, deployment of U.S. forces in, 356, 356n
North Pacific
Japanese operations in, 257, 258, 342, 356
Japanese threat to, 224-25, 370-72
line of advance to Japan, 371-72, 371n
plan for operations in, 258,370-72
supply route to USSR across, 229, 336, 339-46, 343n. See also Air ferry routes. Alaska–Siberia.
North Pacific Area, 169
Northern Ireland
arrival of troops in, 148n
MAGNET force for use in, 109, 323
pursuit aircraft for naval bases in, 40
reduction of troops in convoy to, 117
relief of British garrison in, 98,109
34th Division training in, 316
troop movements to, 117, 147-48, 156, 163, 176, 186, 188, 358n
and USAFBI, I 1 1
Northwestern Europe, 8, 290, 298, 300, 308, 358
American plans for operations in, 101-02, 156-57, 159, 174-75, 177-79, 181-87, 206, 208-09, 215-16, 218, 230-32, 233-34, 235, 236-44, 307, 364, 365-66, 373, 376-77, 380-82. See also BOLERO; ROUNDUP; SLEDGEHAMMER.
area of joint British-American responsibility, 165-67
British plans for operations in, 99-101, 179-80, 233-35. 237-40, 243-44, 327-65
invasion of in 1942, plan for, 177-79, 180-81, 185, 186-87, 188-89, 190-92, 193, 196, 209, 210, 221-22, 230-32, 233-35, 236-44, 255, 266-68, 273-76, 277, 278, 280, 314, 322, 326, 328-29. See also BOLERO: SLEDGEHAMMER.
invasion of in 1943, plan for, 179-82, 187-88, 190-97, 221, 232, 235, 236, 238-39, 243, 267, 268-70, 273-76, 277, 279-81, 282, 283, 296, 307, 314, 318, 322-27, 329, 353-54. 360, 364, 373, 376-77, 380-82. See also BOLERO; ROUNDUP.
invasion of in 1944, planning for, 326-27, 365-66. See also ROUNDUP.
Norway, 197n
British plans for invasion of, 100, 189, 235, 239, 244, 244n, 267n, 269, 278, 310, 326
German invasion of, 11, 234, 285, 285n
Noumea, New Caledonia, 150, 301, 305n
–O–
Oahu. See Hawaiian Islands. Observation aircraft, 300
for British Isles, 324
for TORCH, 319
Offensive operations. See also Air offensive; Land offensive.
basis for planning Army unit requirements, 59
British view on land invasion in Europe, 23-24, 327, 365
in Burma, planning for, 228-29, 308, 372-77
Europe versus Mediterranean, 363-66, 376-80
Europe versus North Africa, 234-44, 255, 268-70, 273-81, 282, 283, 296-97, 299-300, 308-09, 319, 320-27
Europe versus Pacific, 25-28, 30, 34-35, 144, 15661, 163, 181-82, 187-88, 211, 215-16, 217-19, 222, 267-73, 299-300
in French North Africa, plan for, 102-07, 111-14, 117-19, 175-77, 234-44, 267-70, 271, 272-73. 277, 278-93, 294-97, 299-300, 301-03, 304-06, 307-27. See also GYMNAST; SUPER-GYMNAST; TORCH.
against Germany, planning for, 26-27, 44, 61-62, 101, 144, 156-57. 159-62, 174-75, 177, 181-82, 194, 196, 202, 206, 218, 294-97, 298, 322, 363-66, 376-80. See also BOLERO; ROUNDUP; SLEDGEHAMMER.
against Japan, planning for, 123, 163, 172, 371-73
McNair’s views on, 48n
in North Pacific, planning for, 258, 370-72
in northwestern Europe in 1942, plan for, 177-79, 180-81, 182-89, 190-92, 193, 196, 208-09, 210, 218-19, 221-22, 230-32, 233-35, 236-44, 255, 266-68, 273-76, 277, 278, 280, 314, 322, 326, 328-29. See also BOLERO; SLEDGEHAMMER.
in northwestern Europe in 1943, British plan for, 101-02, 179-80
in northwestern Europe in 1943, plan for, 179-81, 182-89, 190-97, 232, 235, 236, 238-39, 243, 267, 268-70, 273-76, 277, 279-81, 282, 283, 314, 318, 322-27, 329, 353-54, 360, 364, 376-77, 380-82.
See also BOLERO; ROUNDUP.
in northwestern Europe in 1944, planning for, 326-27, 365-66
preparation of U.S. troops for, 61, 178, 313-18, 350-53
in South Pacific, planning for, 258-63, 265, 299-301, 302-03, 358-59, 367-70
in Southwest Pacific, planning for, 171-73, 258-63, 265, 301, 302-03, 327, 358-59, 367-70, 377
at Abadan, 203n
bombing of fields at Ploesti, 246, 246n
in Caucasus, 334
100-Group Program, 39. See also 273-Group Program.
Operations Division, 251-52, 254, 266, 314n, 321. See also War Plans Division.
plan for landings at, 286, 289, 291, 292, 306, 319. See also TORCH.
Organized Reserves, 48
Joint Resolution of 1940 authorizing call of, 21, 21n
–P–
P-26As, 70
P-35s, 85n
P-35As, 70
P-39s, 132, 153, 258, 319, 347
P-40s, 81n, 84, 85n, 131-33, 135, 137, 153, 248, 319, 320, 347
P-40Bs, 70
P-43s, 141
P-66s, 141
Pacific, 1, 187, 188, 190, 215-16, 227, 238, 256, 264, 290, 310n, 336, 345, 351, 353, 354, 360, 382
advisory council for, 125-26, 166, 217. See also Pacific War Council.
area of American strategic responsibility, 165-67
Army strength in, July 1942, 353n
Arnold-Streett inspection trip to, 321-22
boundary between Indian and Pacific theaters, 169n
deployment policy in, 159-62, 211-12, 298-306, 304n, 320-21, 356-58, 370
deployment of U.S. forces in, 49, 49n, 69-70, 7273, 81n, 82-85, 114-17, 147, 148-56, 158-59, 162-64, 167, 172, 175, 176, 179, 198, 210-12, 217-21, 222-26, 256-57, 265, 270-71, 298-306, 304n, 315n, 320-21, 322n, 357-60, 369-70
diversion of 15
air groups from BOLERO to, 281, 296, 300-302, 308, 318, 320-22
island bases, 61n, 194, 223, 270, 310, 358-59
lines of advance in, 2, 9-10, 260-61, 270, 371-72
naval forces in, 223, 305-06, 310-11, 342
offensive operations in, planning for, 1-3, 8-10, 161, 258-63, 265, 267-69, 315, 327, 367-70, 376-77, 378, 379. See also Offensive operations, Europe versus Pacific; ORANGE plan; RAINBOW 2; RAINBOW 3; Task One; Task Two; Task Three.
shipping in Army service in, December 1942, 361
shipping losses in, 302
strategic defensive in, 2-3, 12-13, 17, 19, 26-27, 29-30, 34-35, 60, 155, 157-62, 172, 174-75, 177, 178, 189, 211, 212, 222, 223, 226, 267-68, 29697, 376-77, 378
unified command for 168-69, 260, 263-65, 368-69. See also ABDA Command; Pacific Ocean Area; Southwest Pacific Area.
Pacific alternative, 161, 163, 182n, 189, 267-73. 27778, 299, 325
Pacific Fleet, U.S., 162, 169, 224, 224n, 268, 300, 311, 368
damage to, at Pearl Harbor, 80
MacArthur requests counterattack west of Hawaii, 86
offensive operations, 154
Pacific Ocean Area, 45, 172, 212, 300
aircraft on hand in, December 1942, 360n
directive to Commander in Chief, 171
Navy responsibility for operations in, 169
Nimitz commands, 169
Pacific War Council, 130n, 134n, 139n, 166n, 213, 217, 268
organization of, 217n
Navy garrison for, 115
pursuit squadron for, 154
Panama Canal Zone, 5, 49n, 155, 156
alert, 1940, 19
vulnerability to Japanese attack, 80
war warning message to, 79
Parachute troops, 186, 208-09, 241, 271, 369
Paris, 178
Partridge, Brig. Gen. Earle E., 360n
Pas-de-Calais, 241
Patch, Maj. Gen. Alexander M.
artillery regiment for, 129n
commands task force for New Caledonia, 116 -17, 129, 150
proposed as Army commander in South Pacific, 264
and units at Guadalcanal, 359n
Patterson, Robert P., 199n
Patton, Maj. Gen. George S., 311, 315, 316, 321
commands Task Force “A,” 289n
commands task force for Middle East, 249, 249n, 290, 292n
commands Western Task Force, 289, 289n
on TORCH plan, 288-89
trip to London. August 1942, 288-89. 290n
and Twelfth Air Force, 318n, 319
Pearl Harbor. See also Hawaiian Islands.
as base for U.S. Fleet, 8n, 15, 20, 29, 35
attack on, predicted, 18-19
B-17s for defense of, 18, 19n, 69
Pearl Harbor attack, 73n, 82, 97, 120, 138, 158, 199, 205, 359
damage to Army and Navy forces, 80
first news of, in Washington, 80n
Peary, 129n
Peirse, Air Marshal Sir Richard, 133
Pensacola convoy, 72-73, 82-84, 85, 88, 129, 149, 171
Permanent Joint Board on Defense, Canada-U.S., 32
Pershing, General of the Armies John J., 24
area of British strategic responsibility, 166
Iranian mission established in area of, 58
supply route to USSR, 226, 229, 231-32, 277, 308-09, 311, 330, 336-39, 346, 355
Persian Gulf Command, 338n
Persian Gulf Service Command, 311, 336-39
Iran–Iraq Service Command redesignated, 338n
strength of U.S. troops in, 339n
Pétain, Marshal Henri, 12
Philippine Army, 4n, 7ln, 73, 76
called into service of U.S., 67
Philippine Department, 67
Philippine Department Air Force, 70, 74
Philippine Independence Act of 1934, 2
Philippine Islands, 6, 9, 10, 26, 35n, 124, 171
in ABDA Command, 123
and ADB report, 65-67
and air ferry route, 70-71
air reinforcements for, 70-71, 84-85, 95, 132
B-17s for defense of, 69-71
British view on loss of, 37
command placed under Dutch, 164
and conference at Manila, 76-78
date of first effective reinforcement, 75
defense of, and aid to China, 73-75
defense of, under RAINBOW 5, 45
defense of Luzon, 65-67
difficulties of reinforcing, 71-73
fall of Manila, 120
Japanese proposal
to guarantee neutrality of, 68
Japanese threat to, 5, 9, 79, 80
line of advance through, 270
loss of, predicted, 2
MacArthur evacuated from, 170
MacArthur ordered to Australia from, 165
mission to hold Manila Bay, 3
19th Bombardment Group ordered to, 70
and Pacific War Council, 217n
and Pensacola convoy, 72-73, 82-84, 88, 129
policy to defend, 67-73, 76-78, 82-85, 87-96, 121-23, 172
policy not to reinforce, 3, 45, 66-67
reinforcement of, 49n, 67-73, 74, 78-79, 82, 102, 219-21
reinforcement of, under ORANGE plan, 3n
schedule of troop shipments to, 72-73, 82
in Southwest Pacific Area, 168-70
surrender of U.S. Army Forces in Far East, 173
21st and 34th Pursuit Squadrons transferred from, 149n
Wainwright commands U.S. forces in, 171n
warning message to, 79
withdrawal to Bataan peninsula, 95
Phillips, Admiral Sir Tom, 76, 78
PICADOR, 103n. See also Dakar.
Plan Dog, 25-28
Ploesti, bombing of oil fields at, 246, 246n
PLOUGH Project, 244n
Poland, 8
Polish Army, 237
POPPY, 150. See also New Caledonia.
Japanese air attack on, 133
147th Field Artillery Regiment assigned to, 129, 129n
Portal, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles, 234
on air force for North African operation, 112
and allocation of U.S. aircraft, 201, 227
on North African operation, 280
and U.S. air forces for Middle East, 248-49
Ports of Embarkation. See also New York Port of Embarkation; San Francisco Port of Embarkation.
Boston, 149
Charleston, 151
Pound, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley, 23, 55n, 102n, 126, 238
on conference in Far East, 76
on North African operation, 280
PQ 17, 335-36. See also Convoys, Arctic.
Pratt, Lt. Col. R. S., 18n
President. See Roosevelt, Franklin D.
President Johnson, 72, 73n, 151
President Taylor, 151
Prime Minister, British. See Churchill, Winston S. Prince of Wales, 53, 55n, 103
Priorities. See Industrial production, priorities.
Production. See Industrial production.
Propaganda, against Germany, 55, 61
Protocols. Soviet. See First (Moscow) Protocol; Second (Washington) Protocol.
Public opinion, 5, 26, 27, 31, 52, 104, 215
Puerto Rico, 49n
Purnell, Capt. W. R., 65n
Pursuit aircraft
for Anglo-American air force in Caucasus, 330, 333
for AVG, 203
for British Isles, 39-40, 218, 324
for cross-Channel attack, 241
diversion of groups from BOLERO to Pacific, 300
for Guadalcanal, 301
for Hawaii, 153
for India and Burma, 136-38
for Java, 131-33
land-based air cover for Navy, 154-56, 259-60
for Middle East, 188, 189, 248, 251, 320
for naval bases in Northern Ireland, 40
for New Guinea, 302
for North African operation, 106, 318, 319-20
obsolescent planes for China, 141-42
for offensive operations in Southwest Pacific, 260
for Philippines, 70, 71, 72-73, 81, 82, 84-85, 88-95
for South Pacific, 151, 219, 222, 301
for Southwest Pacific, 95, 149, 153, 215
strength advocated by Navy for South Pacific, 226
for 23rd Pursuit Group, 138-39, 203
for USSR, 231, 335-36, 344, 346n, 347, 348
–Q–
Qattara depression, 252
Qualls, Lt. Col. E. H., 323n
Queen Elizabeth, 149, 151, 309, 323
Queen Mary, 117n, 149, 151, 309, 323
–R–
Rabat, 291
Rabaul, 10
Japanese air attacks on, 120
planning for operations against, 259-62, 265, 30203, 367-68, 369-70. See also Task Three.
Radar, 258
shortage of, for use in Philippines, 71
Raids, coastal, 219. See also Commando operations; Dieppe Raid.
on European Continent, 184, 187, 221, 238, 242, 266, 273
prediction of Japanese, on west coast, 225
in South Pacific, 259
RAINBOW 2, 6, 7, 8-10, 13, 47n. 260
RAINBOW 4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14, 47n
RAINBOW 5, 8, 13, 25, 43-48, 60n, 61, 333
effective, 7 December 1941, 80, 81n
cancellation of, 47n
Ramgarh, 374
Ramsey, Capt. DeWitt C., 33n, 39n
Ranger Battalion, 1st, 317
Ranger battalions, 313
Rangoon, 120, 121, 130, 131, 136, 137
loss of, 139
Red Army, 174, 178, 181, 185, 187, 209, 238, 240, 243, 277, 330, 350, 352
area of British strategic responsibility, 166
reduction of lend-lease sailings for, 163, 176, 179
Regimental Combat Team, 172nd, 305n
Regimental combat teams, 313, 316n
Regular Army, 20, 48. See also Army, U.S.
Reserve officers, 51
Resistance groups, 44, 55, 99-100, 178-79. See also Guerrilla forces; Subversive activities.
Reykjavik, 310
Rhineland, remilitarization of, 4
Richardson, Admiral J. O., 15, 15n
Richardson, Maj. Gen. Robert C., Jr., 222n, 256
Ridgway, Col. Matthew B., 13n, 104, 112
Rio de Oro, 291
Ritchie, Col. William L., 153n, 271n
Roberts, Col. Frank N., 298n
Rockhampton, Australia, 303
Rodieck, Col. Leonard H., 305n
Rogers, Col. Elmer J., Jr., 199n, 257n
Rommel, Generalfeldmarschall Erwin, 245, 252, 277, 297
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1, 3, 10, 16n, 20, 35, 62, 74, 152, 167, 174, 189, 191, 203, 208, 237, 239, 243, 254n, 260, 265, 266, 267, 268-69, 279, 295, 295n, 306, 310, 311, 316, 324, 325, 326, 328, 329, 349, 374
and ABDA Command, 124-26
aid to Britain policy, 16-17, 19, 20-21, 22, 29
on aid to British in Middle East, 198, 200, 226, 249-50, 252-53, 273, 277-79, 297-98
aid to China policy, 63-64, 204-05, 229
on aid to USSR, 167n, 205-06, 214, 226, 229-32, 273, 277, 298, 331-32, 336, 346-48, 379-80
on air force for Chennault, 376n
on air route to China via Siberia, 343n, 345
on air support of USSR in Caucasus, 330-32, 330n
on aircraft allocations, 201-02, 227, 334-35, 336, 345-48
and aircraft delivery to Netherlands East Indies and Australia, 71
on Alaska–Siberia air route, 342-43
and Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 329-32,334,335-36, 335n, 345
at ARCADIA Conference, 97-119
on ARCADIA shipping schedule, 117, 205-06
on area of TORCH landings, 285n, 292-93
on areas of strategic responsibility, 165-67, 176
on Army Air Forces expansion, 347
at Atlantic Conference, 53, 103
authority to call out National Guard and Organized Reserves, 21
authority to control exports, 21
on an autonomous air force, 201n
on Azores operation, 49-50
and bombing of Ploesti oil fields, 246n
on Burma offensive, 375
at Casablanca Conference, 380
and Churchill-Curtin controversy, 212-15
on civil airline transports, 210
commitment in 1938
to British for naval aid in Far East, 36
on conference in Moscow, 87
on conferences at Chungking and Singapore, 85-87
confers with military advisers, May 1940, 13
conversations with Molotov, 231-32, 233-34, 249, 342
conversations with Mountbatten, 234-35, 236
on crisis in Egypt, 251-52
on cross-Channel attack, 182, 183-84, 195, 214, 233-34, 235, 240, 242, 273-77, 282, 283, 327, 364
on decision to mount TORCH, 283, 284, 331
on defenses of Fiji Islands and New Caledonia, 211
directive to Commander in Chief, POA, 171
directive to Supreme Commander, SWPA, 171
on diversion of 7th Australian Division to Burma, 130-31
on diversion of Tenth Air Force reinforcements to Egypt, 247, 247n
and estimate of military situation, June 1940, 13-15
on expeditionary forces, 50
and Fellers’ recommendations on Middle East, 253, 254, 297, 297n
and First (Moscow) Protocol, 57
on fraternization with Soviet troops, 330
freezes Japanese assets, 65
and German attack on USSR, 53
on German troops killed by Red Army, 214, 221-22, 222n
and Ghormley-Emmons-Strong trip to London, 22
on hemisphere defense, 1938, 5
instructions for London conference, July 1942, 273-78, 280
and Iranian railroad, 337
on JCS and CCS control of strategy and operations, 167n
on juncture of German and Japanese forces, 190
on landing craft, 193
Leahy appointed liaison officer between JCS and, 282n
lend-lease policy, 56-57, 63-64
on lend-lease shipments to USSR, 119, 205-06, 231-32, 292n
on 1oss of British cruisers off Ceylon, 20ln
on MacArthur as Supreme Commander, SWPA, 170
on MacArthur’s relations with Curtin, 213-15
and MacArthur’s views on Pacific strategy, 215-16
and military conversations in Moscow, 342
military policy in 1940, 20-21
and naval aid to British at Singapore, 36
need of professional military advice, 51-52
on North African operation, 102, 104, 105-07, 107n, 110-11, 117-18, 119, 175, 176, 235, 236, 273-76, 277, 278-79, 282, 285n, 292n, 327
on northern convoys to USSR, 310, 310n, 337
and notification to USSR of decision to mount
TORCH, 328
on offensive operations in Southwest Pacific, 327, 367
oil embargo on Japan, 64-65, 67
on operation in Norway, 278
on operations against Germany through Turkey, 364
on operations in 1943, 379
on operations after TORCH, 363-64
orders MacArthur to Australia, 165, 170n
orders Marshall, Hopkins, and King to London, 272
orders Navy to report German shipping west of Iceland, 51
orders occupation of Iceland, 50-51
and Pacific advisory committee, 125-26, 166, 217n
on Pacific alternative, 270, 272-73, 277-78
and Pacific War Council, 217n
on participation of American troops in active fighting in 1942, 105, 166-67, 217, 221-22, 240, 242, 273-78, 282, 290
and Plan Dog, 27
pre-Casablanca meeting with JCS, 379-80
and production priorities, 194
and protection of ports in South America, 19
on reaching Berlin, 380
re-election, 1940, 25
on reinforcement of Australia, 131, 214, 217, 219
and reinforcement of Hawaii, 162
on reinforcement of Iran, 278
relationship with Army Chief of Staff, 32
on relief of troops in Northern Ireland and Iceland, 98, 109-11, 113, 148
on return of Australian divisions from Middle East, 213, 214
on ROUNDUP in 1944, 327
on a second front in 1942, 166-67, 183-84, 214, 221-22, 231-32, 233-34, 235, 240, 273- 78
and shipping for movement of British troops to
and shipping for Southwest Pacific deployment, 163, 176, 205-06
show of strength policy in Pacific, 15, 78, 82
on slow down of BOLERO, 219-21, 223, 273, 276, 276n, 282, 283, 327
on Soviet-American military collaboration in Siberia, 343, 345
and Soviet neutrality in Japanese war, 86n, 121, 143, 145
and Soviet release of A-20s at Basra to British, 253, 253n
on strategy, January 1941, 28-30
on strategy in the Far East, 86n
on support of Philippines after Japanese attack, 82, 83, 85, 95
and SWPA command, 169-70
on target date for TORCH, 282, 292, 292n
Tenth Air Force bomber squadron diverted to Egypt by, 246-47
and TORCH directive, 291, 292-93
and TORCH plan of 9
and Troop Basis, 1942, 195-96, 351
on Turkey’s entry into the war, 364, 364n
on unconditional surrender of Germany, 380, 382
and USAFFE command, 67
and Victory Program, 59
warning to Japan, 68-69
ROSES, 156. See also Efate.
ROUNDUP, 180n, 185-86, 185n, 194, 235, 273-76, 277, 279-81, 282-83, 299, 301, 314, 322-27, 329, 349, 354, 360, 365-66, 376-79, 380-82
British attitude toward, 238-39, 243, 267, 268-69, 276n, 280-81, 325-27
as code name, 190n
estimate of forces for, 180, 182-83, 185-86, 322-24, 377-78
landing craft for, 186, 186n, 192, 193, 377
planning in London for, 190
shipping for, 180, 183, 186, 191, 377
timing of, 180-81, 182-83. 185-86, 280-81, 296, 325-27
Royal Air Force, 38, 39, 41, 45, 180, 201n, 234, 242, 268, 331
Royal Australian Air Force, 132
Royal Navy. See Navy, British.
Ruhr, 180
Russia. See Soviet Union.
Russian maritime provinces. See Maritime provinces, USSR.
–S–
Saigon, 136
St. Quentin, 178
Saipan, line of advance through, 270
Salamaua, planning for operations against, 262, 303. See also Task Two.
Salween River. 130
Samoa, 6-7, 26, 45, 74, 115, 151, 155, 169, 222
San Francisco Port of Embarkation, 148-49, 151, 223, 224n
Santa Cruz Islands, planning for operations-against, 262, 265. See also Task One.
Saratoga, 311
Sarawak, 88
Sardinia
estimate of shipping losses in operation against, 378n
plan for operations against, 327, 363, 373, 377, 379
threat of air attacks from, 287
Savo Island, 302
Scandinavian Peninsula, subsidiary theater in American planning, 101
Schwien, Lt. Col. Edwin E., 177n
Scobey, Col. William P., 30n, 33n
Second front, 159, 167, 177, 178-79, 181, 206, 215, 221-22, 229-32, 233-35, 237-44, 325-26, 328-29, 342, 349
Second (Washington) Protocol, 229-32, 346-48, 346n, 355, 362. See also First (Moscow) Protocol.
Secretary of the Navy. See Knox, Frank.
Secretary of State. See Hull, Cordell.
Secretary of the Treasury. See Morgenthau, Henry L., Jr.
Secretary of War. See Stimson, Henry L.
extension of, 51
Senate joint Resolution 92, 51n
Senate Joint Resolution 93, 51n
Service forces, 195-96, 356, 362
for Hawaii, 257
for Iran, 311
for Middle East, 199, 226, 245, 355
for Pacific alternative, 271
projected for 1942, 351. See also Troop Basis 1942; Victory Program Troop Basis.
for South Pacific, 150n, 152, 224, 357, 359
for Southwest Pacific, 150, 152, 357, 359
for U.K., 191, 270, 271n, 323-24
ultimate requirements, 352
in Victory Program, 60
Services of Supply, 183, 245, 271, 314n, 317n, 323, 337, 339, 362
Services of Supply, USAFIME, 255n
Shaposhnikov, Marshal Boris M., 329
Sherman, Comdr. Forrest P., 53n
Sherrill, Col. Stephen II., 257n
Shipping, 59, 99, 157, 159, 162, 166, 194, 219, 239, 248-49, 251, 259, 268, 270-71, 279, 289, 303, 307, 333, 366, 369, 371
in Army service, December 1941, 361
in Army service, December 1942, 361
for Burma operation, 374
construction, 1, 49, 193-94, 230n, 312
controlled by four agencies, 310n
Curtin requests additional British, 213
limiting factor in 1943, 362
loaned by British, 151
losses, 51, 53, 229-30, 238, 265, 286, 292, 302, 309-10, 312, 312n, 313, 336, 361, 378
priorities for, 156, 308-13, 320
for ROUNDUP. 377
shortage of, 96, 147-48, 160, 172, 176, 185, 186, 188, 192, 200, 205-06, 214, 271-72, 292n, 301, 308-13, 316, 323, 336, 352, 356, 358, 362n, 374, 382
Shipping, cargo, 361-62
for BOLERO, 178, 183, 186, 191, 230-32, 272, 310n, 324
construction of, 49, 186n, 312
for Iceland and Northern Ireland, 148
limiting factor, 1942, 163
limiting factor in North African operation, 114, 118,176,236
limiting factor in Pacific alternative, 272
loss of ship carrying equipment for 34th Division, 316
loss of ship carrying tanks and guns to Egypt, 251
for Pacific, 310n
shortage of, 152, 180, 186, 205-06, 230, 230n
for SLEDGEHAMMER, 183, 191, 230-32, 266
for Southwest Pacific, 118-19, 129, 206, 218
for Soviet lend-lease, 119, 163, 179, 205-06, 229-32, 309-10, 325-26, 336-39, 336n, 339n, 342
transfer to Soviet registry, 336n
withdrawal of, from lend-lease service, 119, 163, 179, 206, 309-10
Shipping, troop, 361-62
ARCADIA Conference report on, 107-08
for BOLERO, 183, 186, 191, 270, 272, 281, 308-09, 323, 324,327
combat loading vessels, 117-18, 148, 314, 316, 316n
construction of, 49
conversion for combat loading, 283, 314n
limiting factor, 1942, 163, 179, 180, 284, 361
for movement to British Isles, 178, 179, 183, 186-87, 308-09, 314
for movement of British troops to Middle East and India, 163, 167, 176, 179, 198
for movement to Iceland and Northern Ireland, 109-11, 147-48, 191, 308-09, 311
for movement of U.S. troops to India, 308-09
for movement of U.S. troops to Middle East, 308-09, 339
for Pacific alternative, 270-72
for Philippine reinforcement, 72-73
for ROUNDUP, 180, 183, 186, 191, 323, 324
shortage of, 49, 102, 104, 105, 107-08, 116-17, 199, 308-13
for SLEDGEHAMMER, 183, 186, 191, 239, 266
for South Pacific reinforcement, 152, 155, 179, 304, 308
for Southwest Pacific reinforcement, 114-18, 129-30, 152, 155, 167, 176, 179, 218, 281, 300, 304
for TORCH, 281, 283, 284, 308-13, 322
in Victory Program, 60
in World War I, 11
Ship-to-shore operations. See Amphibious operations. “Short of war” program, 61n
air route via Alaska to, 121, 142-43, 145, 291, 336, 339-46, 357
air route to China from, 343n, 345
American survey in, 332, 342-46, 372
bases for American air operations, 121, 142-43, 270, 332, 341-46, 371-72
estimate of forces for use in, 271
and military collaboration with USSR, 345-46
Sicily, 381
plan for operations against, 363, 377
threat of air attacks from, 287
Signal Service Battalion, 829th, 317n
Silverthorne, Col. Carl D., 257n
Singapore, 9, 120, 136, 166, 171, 189
American view of strategic importance of, 35-38
as base for U.S. Fleet, 8n, 9, 10n, 20
British naval reinforcement of, 76
British plans for defense of, 23, 78, 121, 122, 124
British view of strategic importance of, 34-38
fall of, 127-28, 130, 131, 137, 138, 139, 157, 160, 164, 168
Japanese bombing of, 80
state of defenses of, 38n, 122n
Singapore ADB conference. See American-Dutch-British conversations.
Singapore conference, 85-86
Sitka, 258
Sittang Bridge, Battle of, 130-31, 138
SLEDGEHAMMER, 185n, 186-87, 189, 190-92, 209, 218-19, 221-22, 232, 233-35, 236-44, 249, 260, 272, 277, 277n, 281, 294, 314, 322
British attitude toward, 196, 233-35, 237-40, 243-44, 266-69, 273-76, 276n, 280, 326, 328-29
British commander for, 196
as code name, 19n
decision not to execute, 267, 278, 280, 328-29
estimate of forces for, 182-83, 186, 239, 241
landing craft for, 186, 192, 193, 235, 239, 241, 266
planning in London for, 190, 240
shipping for, 183, 191, 230-32, 239, 266
timing of, 182-83, 186-87, 233, 239, 243, 266
Slessor, Air Vice Marshall C., 33n, 39n, 248-49
Smeallie, Capt. J. M., 2n
Smith, Col. George A., Jr., 286n
Smith, Col. Joseph, 257n
Smith, Brig. Gen. Walter Bedell, 17, 19n, 162n, 210, 244, 284n, 325n
on BOLERO-ROUNDUP, 326-27
on construction in U.K., 326-27
on crisis in Egypt, 251-52
Smuts, General Jan Christian, 102n
Solomon Islands, 371, 377. See also Guadalcanal; Tulagi.
forces for garrisons in, 301
Marine landings in, 300-301, 305
naval battle in, 305-06
operations in, 302-03, 305-06, 308, 313, 320, 367
planning for offensive operations in, 259-62, 270, 299, 300, 368-70. See also Task One.
and TORCH shipping requirements, 310-11
withdrawal of naval support from, 302
Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B., 107n, 117, 118, 148n, 192n, 271, 271n, 304
at ARCADIA Conference, 107
on major deployment against Japan, 271-72
on service troops for Middle East, 199
on shipping for troop movements to Australia, 129
trip to London, May 1942, 196
Somerville, Admiral Sir James, 375
Sorenson, Col. Edgar P., 132n
South Africa, 23
South America, 6, 8, 12-13, 17, 117, 158. See also Latin America.
deployment of U.S. forces to, 356n
protection of key ports in, 18-19
troops for, under RAINBOW 5, 46
South Atlantic, 17, 25, 96, 98, 137, 279, 360. See also Azores; Cape Verde Islands; Dakar.
expeditionary force for use in, 103
South China Sea, 36, 64, 79, 120, 228, 261
South Pacific, 9, 347, 361, 372
air combat groups for, 153-54, 211-12, 218-19, 223-24, 225-26, 225n, 263-64, 300, 301-02, 308, 319, 320, 322n, 358-59
air operations in, as aid to Russia, 144
antiaircraft regiments for, 299
B-17 squadron diverted to support of ANZAC force in, 153, 263
command of offensive operations in, 260-63, 368
command problem in, 263-64
defense of bases in, 114-16, 118, 299-300, 301
deployment of U.S. forces to, 114-16. 150-56, 185, 211-12, 222-23, 265, 299-305, 308
divisions available for movement to, 318n
divisions in, 359n
43rd Division ordered to, 304, 317, 317n
Ghormley appointed naval commander of, 262
Harmon commands Army forces in, 264-65
Japanese carriers in, 223
King requests heavy bomber group for, 211
landings in Solomon Islands, 301, 358-59
line of advance from, 270
mobile air forces from Hawaii and Australia for use in, 211-12, 218-19, 223-24, 299, 301-02, 301n, 304, 320
Navy control of strategy and operations in, 261-62, 264
Navy estimate of air units required in, 226
offensive operations in, planning for, 258-63, 299-300, 302-03, 310, 310n, 367-70
shipping for reinforcement of, 304-05, 308, 310
strategic defensive in, 155, 219
strength of Army forces in, December 1942, 359, 359n
strength projected for, December 1942, 359n 25th Division ordered to, 370
unified command in, 168
establishment of, 169
Halsey commands, 368
Harmon commands Army forces in, 264-65. See also U.S. Army Forces in South Pacific.
South Pacific ferry route. See Air ferry routes.
and ABDA Command, 123
Southeast Pacific area, 169
Southwest Pacific, 53, 68, 71, 78, 82, 86, 87, 96, 132, 139, 166, 225n, 312, 327, 342, 361, 372, 381
advisory council on, 125-26
air combat groups for, 95, 152-53, 273, 298, 358
air operations in, 152-53
amphibious forces for, 158
anticipation of Japanese attack in, 80n, 212-13, 215, 299
Churchill requests two U.S. divisions for, 152, 162-63, 198
command of offensive operations in, 260-63, 368-70
Curtin requests British reinforcement of, 212-15, 217
diversion of bombers to Burma from, 140
divisions in, 359n
engineer amphibian brigades for use in, 314n
I Corps headquarters ordered to, 304
1st Marine Division ordered to, 370
line of advance from, 270
MacArthur requests reinforcements for, 213, 215
MacArthur’s view of strategy in, 215-16
mobile air forces for use in South Pacific, 211-12, 219, 223-24, 264, 299, 301-02, 304
Navy estimate of air forces required in, 226
offensive operations in, planning for, 258-63, 299, 302-03, 367-70. See also Task Two; Task Three. operations in New Guinea, 358-59
postponement of shipments to, 304-05
reinforcement of, 122, 128-31, 148-50, 151-54, 156, 167, 172, 175, 176, 179, 185, 188, 200, 217-21, 281, 298, 299-300, 304, 358, 369-70. See
also Philippine Islands, reinforcement of. reinforcement planned at ARCADIA, 114-19, 205-06
Roosevelt directs reinforcement of Australia, 217, 218
strategic defensive in, 88, 155, 156-59, 160-61, 171-73, 358
strength of Army forces in, December 1942, 359, 359n
strength projected for, December 1942, 359n 25th Division diverted from, 370
unified command in, 168-69. See also ABDA Command.
Southwest Pacific Area, 261, 359, 368
Allied commanders in, 170-71
Army Chief of Staff agent for JCS in, 172
CCS and JCS jurisdiction in, 172
directive to Supreme Commander, 171-73
establishment of, 168-73
MacArthur named Supreme Commander in, 169-73
Soviet Purchasing Commission, 341, 343, 347
Soviet Union, 2, 6, 11, 14, 57, 64, 154, 351, 366, 373
air route via Basra to, 341n
air route via polar icecap to, 342n
aircraft allocations to, 206-10, 231-32, 334-36, 341, 345-48, 380
Alaska–Siberia air route, 121, 142-43, 145, 319, 336, 339-46, 357
alliance with France and Czechoslovakia, 4
and American air operations from Siberia, 121, 142-46,328,332,341-46,371-72
American estimate of ability to resist Germans, 53
and American survey in Caucasus, 332
American survey in Siberia, 332, 342-46, 372
and an American withdrawal in Southwest Pacific, 88
and Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 329-36, 344, 345, 3’i8
and ARCADIA Conference, 98
Bradley mission to, 342-46
British plans for sustaining, 101
and command of an Anglo-American air force in Caucasus, 331
and conference at Chungking, 85-86
Connolly authorized to deal with, 338
and decision to mount TORCH, 328-29, 336
Drummond-Adler mission to, 330, 332-36
fraternization with British and U.S. troops, 330, 331, 334, 335
Iran occupied by British and Soviet troops, 58
and Iranian lend-lease mission, 58, 198
Japanese threat to, 121, 269, 270-71, 342, 343, 343n, 344-45, 371
Japanese threat to southern supply route to, 203n
lend-lease aid to, 56, 61n, 62, 74-75, 142-43, 145, 156, 159, 178, 185, 198, 201, 204, 205- 10, 226, 229-32, 273, 277, 311, 325-26, 329, 330, 334, 336-48, 355, 357, 362, 379-80. See also First (Moscow) Protocol; Second (Washington) Protocol.
lend-lease shipments to, reduction of, 119, 176, 191, 205-06, 230, 231-32, 292n
maritime provinces of, 79, 121, 371n
military conversations with, 144-45, 310, 328-29, 330, 342, 349, 364n
neutrality in war with Japan, 86, 121, 142, 143, 157, 269, 270-71, 336, 342, 343n, 344, 345, 371
oil resources, 334
P-39s released to TORCH, 319
partition of Poland, 8
President proposes conference in Moscow, 87
release of A-20s at Basra to British, 253, 253n
resistance to Germany in event second front postponed, 180-81, 270
Roosevelt on number of German troops killed by Red Army, 214, 221-22, 222n
route of advance to Japan through, 371-72
and a second front, 159, 229-32. 233-35, 237-44, 267, 269, 325-27, 328-29, 342, 348-49
ships from lend-lease transferred to registry of 336n
and Stalingrad battle, 308, 328
supply route to Murmansk and Archangel, 229-30, 231, 235, 244n, 298, 308-10, 326, 331, 336-37, 348. See also Convoys, Arctic,
supply route across North Pacific, 229, 336, 339-46, 343n
supply route via Persian Gulf, 229, 273, 277, 308-09, 311, 330, 336-39, 346, 355
support of, in operations against Germany, 54-55, 101, 156, 158, 159, 161, 177, 178-79, 180-81, 185, 186, 187, 188, 202, 214, 215, 221-22, 233-35, 237-40, 242-44, 266, 267, 268, 273, 277-78, 279-80, 285, 297n, 329-36, 364, 377-78
and timing of offensive operations on Eastern Front, 101
transport aircraft for, 207-10
troops and Far Eastern bases for use against Japan, 371-72
in Victory Program, 61
war with Finland, 8
Spaatz, Maj. Gen. Carl, 24, 81n, 278, 318n, 321
on air offensive against Germany, 324
commands air forces in ETOUSA, 197
Spain, 4, 5, 6, 23, 105, 107, 243, 288
German threat of moving through, 364
neutrality in war against Germany, 236, 289, 290, 292n, 307
Spalding, Brig. Gen. Sidney P., 337
Spanish Morocco. See Morocco, Spanish.
Spaulding, Brig. Gen. Oliver L., 230n
Special Army Observer, London, 42
Special Army Observer Group, 58
Chaney heads, 42
lend-lease responsibilities, 57, 57n
plan for organization, 41, 42n
Special Committee on Landing Craft for the Continent, 193
Special Naval Observer, London, 22, 33, 42
Squadrons
9th Bombardment, 247
12th Pursuit, 151
21st Pursuit, 149n
21st Troop Carrier, 149n
22nd Troop Carrier, 149n
34th Pursuit, 149n
67th Pursuit, 150n
68th Pursuit, 149n
Squadrons, strength of, August 1941, 48
Staff conversations, 10n, 29-30. See also American-British Conversations; American-Dutch-British conversations.
with Soviet Union, 144-45,328-29,330,342-45, 349, 364n
Stalin, Marshal Joseph, 86, 121n, 145, 326, 380
on aircraft allocations to USSR, 347
and American survey of Siberian air facilities, 344
and Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 330-32, 334-35, 345
approves First (Moscow) Protocol, 57
conversations with Churchill, 328-30
and military conversations in Moscow, 342-43, 364n
and northern convoys to USSR, 310, 331-32
reaction to TORCH, 328-29
releases A-20s at Basra to British, 253, 253n
on situation in the Caucasus, 332, 335
on Turkey’s entry into the war, 364n
Stalingrad, Battle of, 308, 328
Standley, Admiral William H., 143, 338n
and air routes to USSR, 341n
on aircraft allocations to USSR, 348
and Alaska-Siberia air route, 343
and American air operations in Siberia, 341
and Anglo-American air force for Caucasus, 348
member of 1941
mission to Moscow, 57n
trip to Washington, 348
Stark, Admiral Harold R., 10, 19, 34n, 50, 58, 63, 85, 113, 278
at ABC-I conference, 33
and ABC-l report, 43
on ability of British Isles to withstand invasion, 26
and ADB conference, 65
on ADB-2
report, 76
at ARCADIA Conference, 97-99
at Atlantic Conference, 53n
authority to release equipment to foreign governments, 21
on basing U.S. Fleet at Pearl Harbor, 15, 15n, 27
on British naval
reinforcement of Far East, 76
on conference with British at Manila, 76
on declaration of war on Japan, 75
on expeditionary forces, 49
on holding Egypt, 26
on land offensive in Europe or Africa, 26-27, 177
on limited war with Japan, 26
on naval aid to British at Singapore, 35-36
on offensive in Atlantic, defensive in Pacific, 26-27
on oil embargo against Japan, 64-65
on operations in Iberian Peninsula, 26
on placing ABDA commander under CGS, 125
Plan Dog, 25-28
seeks time in negotiations with Japanese, 79
and Special Naval Observer, London, 42
on staff conversations with British, 28
on strategy, May 1940, 13
on strategy, June 1940, 20
on strategy in a war with Japan, 30
on support of Great Britain, 27
on training priorities, 49
State Department, 117
influence on President. 52
and Japanese threat to Kunming, China, 74-75
negotiations with Soviet Union, 143, 145
Stettinius, Edward R. Jr., 57n
Stilwell, Maj. Gen. Joseph W., 175, 264, 371
assigned to Dakar operation, 104
assigned to North African operation, 105
chief of staff to Chiang Kai-shek, 139-40
and command for Burma offensive, 374
commands U.S. Army forces in China, Burma, and India, 139-40
on ground combat units for China, 228
and offensive in Burma, 373-76
retreat in Burma, 228
Tenth Air Force assigned to, 140-41, 228, 246-47
Tenth Air Force diverted from, 203, 247, 247n
and training of Chinese troops at Ramgarh, 373-74
Stimson, Henry L., 47, 206, 221, 272, 282, 382
and air reinforcement of Philippines, 70
on aircraft allocations to British, 201-02, 207
on aircraft allocations to USSR, 207
at ARCADIA Conference, 98
authorized to deliver aircraft to Australia and Netherlands East Indies, 71
conference with President, January 1941, 28
on cross-Channel attack, 182, 183, 236, 269n
on defense of Middle East, 200-201, 254
and establishment of base in Australia, 87
on expeditionary forces, 1941, 50
on isolationism, 31
on North African operation, 113, 236, 236n, 295n
on Pacific alternative, 269n
and RAINBOW 5
and ABC-1, 46
on return of Pensacola convoy to Hawaii, 83
and Siberian air bases, 143
on statement for ABC-1
conference, 30-31
on strategy in Southwest Pacific, 88
on support of Philippines, 82, 83, 85
and transport aircraft, 210
on use of overwhelming military force, 52
and Victory Program, 60n
weekly meeting with Secretaries of State and Navy, 28n
Stokes, Lt. Col. Marcus B., Jr., 147n
Strategic bombing, 140, 246, 296, 318-19, 321, 358, 364-66. See also Air offensive.
Strategic responsibility. See Areas of strategic responsibility.
Strategy of encirclement of Germany, 55, 61, 99-101, 102, 105, 280, 295-97, 299-300, 307
Streett, Brig. Gen. St. Clair, 247n, 259n, 298n, 321
Strength of the Army. See Army, U.S.
Strong, Maj. Gen. George V., 24n, 342
on crisis in Egypt, 251-52
on Japanese threat to Pearl Harbor, 18
on mobilization of National Guard, 19
on strategic defensive in Pacific, 18, 19
on strategy, June 1940, 16n, 19-20
trip to London, 1940, 22-24
on troops for South America, 18
Sturdee, Lt. Gen. V. A. H., 129n
Styer, Brig. Gen. Wilhelm D., 337n
Submarine campaign, German, 312
Subversive activities, 43. See also Guerrilla forces; Resistance groups.
SUPER-GYMNAST, 113, 235-36, 281n, 285-86. See also GYMNAST; TORCH.
cancellation of, 175-77
as code name, 113n
modified plan, 176n
Surinam, 49n
70th Pursuit Squadron arrives in, 151
Sweden, 197n
German threat to, 252
Halverson Project planes forced down in, 246n
–T–
Tank Battalion, 192nd, 68n
Tank Battalion, 754th (L), 150n
Tank destroyer battalions, 149, 150
for Middle East, 254n
for TORCH, 285
for British in Egypt, 250, 251, 255
British loss of, in Libya, 245
shortage of, 48
for Soviet Union, 336
for TORCH, 285
Task Force “A”
amphibious training, 315
Task Force 8. See U.S. Naval Task Force 8.
Task One, 262, 265, 367-68, 367n
Task Three, 262, 265, 301, 302-03
Task Two, 262, 265, 301, 302-03, 367
Taylor, Col. Victor V., 75
Tedder, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur W., 329
Tentative Deployment of United Nations for 1942 (TDUN), 195
Tentative Deployment of United States Forces (TEDA), 195n
bombing of Andaman Islands, 202
diversion to British for operations in Indian Ocean, 190, 202, 203, 227, 247-48
diversion of 9th Bombardment Squadron to Egypt, 246-47
diversion of reinforcements for, to Egypt, 247
establishment in India, 140-42, 164
Fellers’ recommendation on, 254n
for use in China and bombing of Japan, 140, 228
ter Poorten, Lt. Gen. H., 135n
Thailand, 43, 66, 79, 80n, 128, 228
Japanese attack on, 80
Theobald, Rear Adm. Robert A., 225
Thomas, Capt. F. P., 286n
Timberman, Lt. Col. Thomas S., 139n
Timor, 132
defense of, 129
148th Field Artillery Regiment ordered to, 129, 129n
Tobruk, fall of, 238, 245, 245n, 246, 252, 254, 255, 255n
Tongatabu, 224
Army garrison for, 151, 155, 299
forces for forward areas from, 299
68th Pursuit Squadron ordered to, 149n, 155
TORCH, 251n, 279n, 297, 299, 307-08, 343, 363-64, 366, 370, 376-77, 378, 380, 382
and aid to China, 311-12
and aid to Middle East, 297-98, 319-20
air force for, 318-22, 318n, 347-48. See also Twelfth Air Force.
and air superiority in Middle East, 319-20
area of initial landings, 285-86, 287-89, 290-93, 294
and bomber offensive against Germany, 321
as code name, 281
commander responsible to GCS, 281
decision to mount, 281, 282-84, 294-97, 298, 301, 306, 328, 331, 336
directive to Eisenhower, 291-92
Eisenhower appointed commander of, 286-87, 286n
equipment for, 313-14, 316, 317-18, 318n
estimate of enemy intentions, 291n
forces for, 281, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290n, 292-93, 304-05, 313-22, 314n, 323, 354-55
and French resistance, 289, 290, 307
in grand strategy, 279-84, 295-97, 297n
and loss of ship carrying 34th Division equipment, 316
naval escort for, 281, 292, 309, 312-13, 322 9th Division assigned to, 285
and northern convoys to USSR, 309-10, 331
objective of, 290-93
and operations in Aleutians, 312
operations in French North Africa, 333
P-39s en route to USSR released to, 319
and Pacific requirements, 299-300, 303-04, 305-06, 320-22
plan of 9 August 1942, 286-88, 292
plan of 21 August 1942, 288-90, 292
plan of 5 September 1942, 293, 306, 316
plan of 20 September 1942, 313
planning in London for, 281, 285, 286-93
planning in Washington for, 284-86, 288, 290, 291- 93
and relief of British troops in Iceland, 311
2nd Armored Division assigned to, 285
shipping for, 281, 283, 284-85, 289, 290, 290n, 292, 308-13, 314, 314n, 316, 316n, 320, 322
and shipping priorities, 308-13
and shipping for Solomons operation, 310-11
and Soviet lend-lease, 309-10, 311, 319, 348
Soviet reaction to, 328-29
3rd Division assigned to, 285, 304-05
33rd Pursuit Group assigned to, 319-20
timing of, 281, 282-85, 284n, 287, 288, 289, 290, 292, 294, 309, 310
training for, 281, 288, 290, 313-19. See also Amphibious training.
versus ROUNDUP, 279-84, 294-97, 322-27
Torres Strait, 88
Towers, Rear Adm. John H.
and air forces for Middle East, 227, 248-49
and allocation of U.S. aircraft, 227
and mobile air forces for defense of South Pacific, 224
on transfer of carriers to Atlantic, 268
on transport planes for USSR, 208-09
trip to London, May 1942, 227
Townsville, Australia, 96
Training. See also Amphibious training.
of air units, 48, 201-02, 206-07, 208-09, 227, 320, 347-48, 361, 380
desert, 316-17
of ground troops, 48-49, 225, 304-05, 317-18, 352
jungle warfare, 369
of parachute troops. 209
shortage of equipment for, 49, 194-95
of 3rd Division, 304-05
in U.K., 187, 280-81, 290, 315-16, 316n
Transcaucasia, 333. See also Caucasus.
Transport aircraft, 355
for Alaska, 322n
for Alaska–Siberia air route, 344, 346
allocation to USSR, 207-10
for Anglo-American air force in Caucasus, 330-31, 332, 333
diversion from BOLERO to Pacific, 300
for Middle East, 322n
for South Pacific, 322n
for Southwest Pacific, 369
for TORCH, 318
for training parachute and airborne troops, 208-09
Trickle movement, 310n. See also Convoys, Arctic. Trinidad, 44, 49n
Troop Basis, 1942, 194, 195-96, 245, 270, 339, 350-52, 350n
Troop Basis, 1943, 352-53
Troop carrier groups. See Transport aircraft.
Troop movements, 48-51, 81, 187, 191, 316-17, 317n, 355, 364. See also Deployment of U.S. forces; Shipping, troop.
Troop training. See Training.
Troop transports. See Shipping, troop.
Troops, restriction on use outside Western Hemisphere, 21, 49, 50
Tulagi, 368. See also Solomon Islands.
Ghormley commands operations against, 262
planning for operations against, 259-63, 265. See also Task One.
Tully, Col. James K., 372n
German reinforcement of, 307, 312-13, 354
planning for advance into, 102, 175, 285-89, 285n, 363-64
American view of role in war, 364, 364n, 377
British planning to bring into war, 363, 364n, 377
British plans for supporting, 101
German threat to, 252
Halverson Project planes forced down in, 246n
and operations against Germany through Black Sea, 363, 364
Soviet view of role in war, 364n
Turner, Rear Adm. Richmond Kelly, 30n, 144n, 212n, 311
at ABC-1
conference, 33n
on American naval aid for Singapore., 36
at Atlantic Conference, 53n
on command of U.S. forces. 40
on discontinuance of planning for North African operation, 113
and Plan Dog, 25
Twelfth Air Force, 318-21, 324
33rd Pursuit Group assigned to, 320
Twining, Col. Nathan F., 139n
Tydings-McDuffie Bill. See Philippine Independence Act of 1934.
–U–
Umnak, 225
Unconditional surrender policy, ‘380, 382
Underground activities, See Resistance groups.
United Kingdom. See Great Britain.
Unity of command. See Command, unity of.
Upston, Col. John E., 200n
U.S. Army Air Forces in the Middle East, 247
U.S. Army Forces in Australia, 170-71
U.S. Army Forces in the British Isles, 48, 111
U.S. Army Forces in Central Africa, 245
strength of US. troops in, December 1942, 355
U.S. Army Forces in China. Burma, India, 140
U.S. Army Forces in the Far East, 69, 88, 173
establishment of, 67
U.S. Army Forces in the Middle East
Andrews commands, 255n
authority over PGSC, 338
and Drummond-Adler mission, 333-36
establishment of, 245-46
Maxwell commands. 245-46, 255, 255n
strength of US. troops in, December 1942, 355
U.S. Army Forces in the South Pacific Area, 264, 359
U.S. Asiatic Fleet. See Asiatic Fleet, U.S.
U.S. Atlantic Fleet. See Atlantic Fleet, U.S.
U.S. chiefs of staff. See Joint Chiefs of Staff.
U.S. Fleet, 26. See also Navy, U.S.; Pacific Fleet, U.S. base at Pearl Harbor, 15-16, 15n, 18, 20, 27, 29, 35
and base at Singapore, 8n, 10n
danger of attack on, at Pearl Harbor, 18
in Pacific as deterrent to Japanese, 23, 36
operations under RAINBOW 2, 9-10
and plans for offensive in western Pacific, 3, 9-10
U.S. Military Iranian Mission, 58, 198, 245, 338n. See also Iran-Iraq Service Command: Persian Gulf Service Command.
USSR. See Soviet Union.
–V–
van Monk, H. J., 135n
Vichy Government. See France, Vichy.
Victory Program, 58-62, 194, 196. See also AWPD/1. Victory Program Troop Basis, 350, 352
Viti Levu, 223
Vittrup, Lt. Col, Russell L., 249n
Vladivostok, 121, 143, 339, 339n
Volga River, 308
Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment E., 329
–W–
Wainwright, Lt. Gen. Jonathan M., 171n
Wakefield, 72
Wallace, Henry A., 104
Waller, Comdr. J. B. W., fin
War Council, 40
War Department Concentration Plan RAINBOW 5, 47n
War Department General Council. 329n, 345n
War Department General Staff, 341
War Department Operations Plan RAINBOW 5, 47n
War Department Troop Basis, 350n. See also Troop Basis, 1942; Troop Basis, 1943; Victory Program Troop Basis.
War plans, 6-7, 25-28, 50. See also BLACK; BOLERO; Color plans; GYMNAST; ORANGE plan; RAINBOW plans; ROUNDUP; SLEDGEHAMMER; TORCH.
War Plans Division, 17, 42, 45, 52, 59, 81n, 99, 157, 183, 267. See also Operations Division.
War Production Board, 193, 194., 206, 352
War Shipping Administration, 206, 310n
Ward, Maj. Gen. Orlando. 80n, 286n
Washington conference, January–March 1941. See American-British Conversations,
Washington conference, December 1941-January 1942. See ARCADIA Conference.
Washington conference, June 1942, 236-41, 249-50, 326
Washington naval treaty of 1922, 2
Watson, Maj. Gen. Edwin M.. 17, 19n, 46
Wavell, Field Marshal Sir Archibald, 129, 132,171
on aircraft carrier to move planes to Java, 133
assigns 147th Field Artillery Regiment to Port
and British carrier Indomitable, 133, 134n, 135
and Burma offensive, 374-75
CCS instructions to, on withdrawal from Java, 134, 164
and command for Burma offensive, 374
commands ABDA area, 123-25
and dissolution of ABDA Command, 135, 164
and diversion of 7th Armoured Brigade to Burma, 127, 137
on diversion of 6th and 7th Australian Divisions to Burma, 128, 130
limitations on authority as commander of ABDA area, 124-25, 125n
on loss of Sumatra and Java, 127-28
at Moscow conference, August 1942, 329
plan for bomber force in Burma, 136-37
responsible to CCS, 124
sets up headquarters at Batavia, 126
on shipment of planes to Java, 133 35
on support of Java, 134-35, 136, 138
Wedemeyer, Brig. Gen. Albert C., 181n, 249n, 271n, 272, 290n, 382
and BOLERO Combined Committee, 193
at London conference, April 1942, 184n
on maintaining Red Army as effective force, 187
on strategic defensive in war against Japan, 187-88
and TORCH plan. 287n
and Victory Program, 59
Wemyss, Lt. Gen. H. C. B., 43
West Africa, British, 245
West Africa, French, 23, 26, 98, 103, 158, 356. See also Dakar.
West coast, U.S., 79, 81, 82, 151, 225, 259, 268, 299-300
West Point, 72
Western Defense Command, 224n, 225, 258, 370
Western Hemisphere, 14, 95, 164, 339n, 358
air forces for defense of, 39, 40
Army strength overseas in, December 1942, 355-57
Army strength overseas in, July 1942, 353n
Azores in defense of, 50
British bases in, 21. See also Atlantic, leased bases. defense of, 5n, 7-8, 12-13, 16, 17-20, 29, 34, 52, 60-61, 81n, 103
defense of, under RAINBOW 1, 6, 7, 47n
defense of, under RAINBOW 4, 8, 12, 13, 47n
defense of, under RAINBOW 5, 43-45
deployment of U.S. forces in, 355-57
military program for, 20
restriction on use of troops outside, 21, 49, 51
Western Task Force
amphibious training, 315
strength, 289
Weygand, General Maxime, 103, 107n
Wheeler, Maj. Gen. Raymond A., 58, 337
Wilcox, Marshal L., 108n
Wilson, Orme, 33n
Winant, John G., 41n
Wood, Col. William H., 372n
Woodring, Harry H., 13n
Woolnough, Lt. Col. James K., 345n
Wylie, Col. Robert H., 259n
Wyman, Lt. Col. Willard G., 128n
–Y–
York, Col_ John Y., Jr., 139n
Yount, General Barton K., 24n
Yugoslavia, 43