Index

–A–

Aaron Ward, 287

Ackerman, Capt. Louis F., 242

Agarii-mae, 164, 167, 171

Aguni, 7, 461

Air attacks

Allied, 6, 19-21, 28, 31, 44-51, 63-66, 69, 102, 154-56, 194, 255-56, 280, 355, 360-62, 384

Japanese, 49-51, 67, 79, 96-102, 170, 288, 293-94, 360-64

Air bases, development of, 3-6, 38-39, 182-84, 383, 419-21. See also Airfields; Base development.

Air Delivery Section, III Amphibious Corps, 409

Air forces, 6, 21, 29-31, 65, 359. See also Air

attacks; Air support.

Air Forces

Fourteenth, 21

Pacific Fleet, 21, 37

Twentieth, 21

Air support

carrier-based, 19-21, 28-31, 63, 70, 97-101, 255

land-based, 19-21, 28-31, 38, 255

plans for, 19-21, 28-31

role of in campaign, 255

Air transport, 409, 415

Airfield Battalion, 50th, 150

Airfields. See Air bases; Base development; Ie Shima, airfields; Kadena airfield; Machinato airfield; Naha airfield; Yonabaru airfield; Yontan airfield.

Aka, 52, 54, 58

Aka Kaikyo, 52

Allied naval forces. See Naval forces, Allied.

Allied strategy in Pacific, 1-7. See also Strategy.

Amami, 46

Amami-O, 45

Amamiya, General, 284-86, 294-95

Amaru, 355

Amike, 317

Ammunition

quotas, 38

rate of expenditure, 411

shortages, 259, 410-11

Amphibious Corps, III, 26, 40, 97, 260, 264, 267, 422-24, 471

command and organization, 25-27

conquest of northern Okinawa, 138-48

evacuation of wounded, 412, 415

in conquest of Shuri, 311, 323, 365, 384-86, 392, 401

in pursuit south of Shuri, 427, 434

landing on Okinawa, 72, 77

mounting out, 41-43

role in general plan, 32

supply problems, 405, 407, 409-10

training and rehearsal, 40-41

Amphibious Corps, V, 260

Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet, 23, 36, 41

Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion, 156

Amphibious Support Force, 25, 28, 51, 63

Amphibious Tank Battalion, 776th, 289

Amphibious warfare, training in, 39-41

Amuro, 52, 55

Anchorages 6, 27, 474. See also Harbors.

at Hagushi beaches, 10

for proposed second landing, 259, 263

in Kerama Islands, 52, 63

in Nakagusuku Bay, 13, 33, 383

Anderson, S/Sgt. Beauford T., 134

Anderson, Lt. Col. Walter F., 211

Anderson, Lt. Woodrow W., 346

Anderson’s Gulch, 209, 213

Angaur, 2

Antitank Battalion, 22nd, 235

Antitank Company, 23rd, 352

Apamama, 1

“Apartment House,” the, 276, 280

Arakachi, 105, 400

Arends, Sgt. John C., 232

Armies. See Tenth Army; Thirty-second Army.

Armored Amphibious Battalion, 1st, 375

Armored Flame Thrower Battalion, 713th, 441, 456

Armored flame throwers. See Flame throwers.

Army Air Groups, 97

Army Garrison Force, 39

Arnold, Maj. Gen. Archibald V., 192, 228, 391, 425, 439

directs attack on Gaja Ridge, 377

directs attack on Skyline Ridge, 224-25

Artillery. See also Fire power.

American employment, 57, 120, 156, 185, 194, 255, 290-91, 294, 329, 348, 383

coordination of fire, 31, 255

Japanese employment, 16, 87-92, 95, 129, 132-33, 250, 253, 293-94

Artillery Battalion, 2nd (1st Medium Artillery), 250

Artillery Command, 5th, 87, 304

Artillery Mortar Regiment, 1st, 91

Asa, 314

Asa River, 268, 304, 313-14, 318, 328, 365

Asa-Kawa, 310

Asato, 312, 440

Asato River, 313, 317, 323, 373-76

Atanniya, 77

Atsutabaru, 139

Awa, 141

Awacha, 310

Awacha Pocket, 310

Aware, 56

Awase, 406, 417, 420

–B–

Baka bombs, 60, 101, 296

Raker Hill. See Dick Baker.

Bamboo Hill, 378

Banzai attacks, 171, 178, 319-20, 463

Base development. See also Air bases; Naval bases.

in Ie Shima, 171, 182-84, 419-20

in Kerama Islands, 52, 63

in Okinawa, 3-7, 19, 38-39, 383, 419-21

in Ryukyus, 3-7, 419-21

Baten-Ko, 392

Battalion Landing Teams. See Infantry Battalions.

Battalions. See Independent Infantry Battalions; Infantry Battalions; Marine Battalions.

Beachheads. See Hagushi beaches; Ie Shima, landing beaches; Kerama Islands, landing beaches; Minatoga beaches.

Beehive Hill, 366

Bell, 1st Lt. Theodore S., 333-36

Betts, Capt. Howard E., Jr., 213, 219

Biak, 2

Big Apple Peak, 434, 438, 443-45, 449, 455-56

Biloxi, 67

Birmingham, 294

Bishi River, 10, 17, 32, 65-66, 72-74, 421

Black, Pfc. Tillman H., 289

Blandy, Vice Admiral William H., 51, 63-64

Blockade

of Japanese home islands, 2-3, 6

of Ryukyu Islands, 46

Blood and Iron for the Emperor Duty Units, 89

Blood and Iron Youth Organization, 458

Bloody Ridge, 162-67, 170-72, 177-82

“Blowtorch and corkscrew,” tactical method, 253-57

Boeitai, 85, 89-91, 110, 289, 392-93, 428

Bomber Commands

XX, 21

XXI, 21, 101

Bonin Islands, 3-6, 21

Bougainville, 2, 26

Boyd, S/Sgt. Erby L., 118

Boynton, Pvt. Kenneth, 355

Bradford, Brig. Gen. William B., 244-45

Bradford Task Force, 243, 247

Bradley, Maj. Gen. James L., 372

in attack on Conical Hill, 351, 356

in attack on Urasoe-Mura Escarpment, 192

Brewer’s Hill, 209, 214-15

Bridges, construction of, 81, 139, 191-93, 211, 314, 373

Brigades. See also Independent Mixed Brigade, 44th.

63rd, 85, 94, 108, 132, 235, 283, 325

64th, 85, 94, 210, 235, 325, 450

British Task Force 57, 23-25, 66, 97, 101

Bruce, Maj. Gen. Andrew D., 258

directs operation in Kerama Islands, 51, 54, 60

directs operations in Ie Shima, 153-54, 160-63, 171, 173, 177, 181

in attack on Shuri, 309

views on proposed second landing, 258-59

Buckner, Lt. Gen. Simon B., Jr., 4, 138, 162, 171, 177, 249, 256, 267, 285-86

assumes command of Tenth Army, 25

death of, 461

in attack on Shuri defenses, 303, 311-12, 351, 356, 377, 387, 391-92, 463

opposes second landing, 259, 262, 264

responsibilities increased, 359

responsibility for base development, 38

responsibility for landing supplies, 37

responsibility for military government, 35

views on proposed Formosa operation, 5

Buckner Bay. See Nakagusuku Bay

Bunker Hill, 45

Burma, 85

Buzz Bomb Bowl, 185, 207

Byers, Capt. John E., 438

–C–

Cactus Ridge, 105, 110

Cannon Company, 106th, 242

Capp, Lt. Fred, 226

Caroline Islands, 1, 20

Casualties, 79, 83, 113, 129-30, 137, 205-07, 218, 228-30, 234, 268, 281-82, 302, 320, 322-23, 434

after fall of Shuri, 461-62

facilities for care of, 412-16

in Kerama Islands, 56

Japanese, 113, 129-30, 137, 181-82, 281-82, 302, 383-84, 455, 461, 466-67, 473

Navy, 79, 99-102, 288, 294, 363, 473

neuropsychiatric, 384-86, 415

nonbattle, 323, 384-86, 415

Okinawan civilians, 468

on Ie Shima, 165, 182

summary for Shuri front, 384-86

total for Ryukyus campaign, 473

CAUSEWAY Operation, proposed, 2-4

Cave warfare, 92

American methods of assault, 194, 218, 255-57, 306, 441-42, 455-56

Japanese methods of defense, 10, 95, 152, 172, 189-90, 214, 249-50

training in, 39

Central Pacific, Allied advance in, 1-2

Central Pacific Task Forces, organization of, 23-25

Chalgren, Lt. Col. Edward, Jr., 160

Chan, 379, 382, 422-23, 425

Charlie Hill, 352-57, 400

Charlie Ridge, 209, 214

Chatan, 17, 32, 75, 77, 94, 287, 415

Chavez, Pfc. Gabriel, 279

Chemical Mortar Company, 91st, 226

Chestnut Hill, 378, 381

Chibana, 409

Chimney Crag, 273, 290

Chimu, 420

Chimu Bay, 406, 420

China, 3, 9, 21, 44, 85, 87, 220

China coast, plans for attack on, 3, 6, 19, 21, 25, 95

China Sea. See East China Sea.

Chinen Peninsula, 13, 95, 253, 259, 260-62, 358, 381-82, 388, 422, 424-27, 434, 439, 468

Chinen Point, 34

Chiyunna, 77

Cho, Lt. Gen. Isamu, 301-02, 394, 463

quality as leader, 84-85

suicide, 470-71

views on offensive tactics, 283

Chocolate Drop Hill, 338-43, 348, 365-66

Chuda, 139, 409

CINCPOA (Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas). See Nimitz, Admiral Chester W.

Claire, Lt. Col. Dennis D., 213, 215-17

Coburn, 2nd Lt. William T., 309

Cochran, Pvt. Keith, 355

Colorado, 329

Comfort, 101

Command relationships, Ryukyus campaign, 23-25, 359

Congressional Medal of Honor, awards of, 135, 178, 281, 398, 461

Conical Corridor. See East Coast Corridor.

Conical Hill, 269, 273, 290, 307, 312-13, 347, 351-60, 372, 377, 379-81, 383, 388, 400

Conical Peak. See Conical Hill.

Conscripts, Okinawan, 87-91, 103, 110, 150, 210, 436

Convalescent camps, 415

Cook, Pfc. Paul R., 210

Cooney, Lt. Col. Gerald D., 280-81

Cornutt, Lt. Col. Howard L., 370

Corps, Amphibious, III. See Amphibious Corps, III.

Corps, XXIV, 26, 40-41, 76-77, 97-99, 259, 283-84, 289, 295-99, 392, 422-23, 471. See

also Tenth Army.

command and organization, 23, 25-26

evacuation of wounded, 412-15

in conquest of Shuri, 104, 108-13, 126, 129, 137-38, 184, 187-90, 207, 211, 219, 243, 244-45, 265-67, 290-91, 302-03, 306-11, 365, 372, 377, 382-86, 400

in pursuit south of Shuri, 427, 434-36, 443, 455, 459

landing on Okinawa, 72

mounting out, 42

role in general plan, 32-34

supply problems, 37-38, 407-12

training and rehearsal, 40-41

Counteroffensives, Japanese

during 12-13 April, 129-37

during 4-5 May, 283-302

Craft, Pfc. Clarence B., 398

Crescent Hill, 318, 319-23, 373

Crist, Brig. Gen. W. E., 35

Crocker’s Hill. See Kakazu Ridge.

Cudlin, Capt. Louis F., 237

Cutaway Hill, 358-59, 372, 400

–D–

Dakeshi, 293, 310, 323-25, 326, 330, 352, 400

Dakeshi Plateau, 304-06

Dakeshi Ridge, 304, 313, 323-28, 330-32

Dale, T/Sgt. Guy J., 356

Davis, 1st Lt. Frank A., 442

Davis, Capt. Roy A., 449

Dead Horse Gulch, 209, 211-14

Del Valle, Maj. Gen. Pedro A., 267, 451

Dick Able, 344, 346-47

Dick Baker, 344-47

Dick Hill. See Dick Right.

Dick Hills, 344-49

Dick Left, 344

Dick Right, 344, 347-49

Dill, Col. M. L., 344-47, 451

Disease, control of in Okinawa, 415

Distinguished Service Cross, award of, 226

Distinguished Unit Citation, award of, 119

Divisions. See Infantry Divisions; Marine Divisions.

Dorothy Hill, 366, 397-98

Doss, Pfc. Desmond T., 281

Dovel, S/Sgt. David N., 232

Drexler, 362

Duck Hill, 382

Dulag, 40-41

Duncan, Maj. John H., 226

Duniphan, T/Sgt. Dennis O., 356

Duran, Pfc. Amador G., 346

–E–

Easley, Brig. Gen. Claudius M., 461-62

East China Sea, 3, 6, 67-68, 99, 187

East Coast Corridor, 351-59, 377-78, 387

East Pinnacle, 236, 242-43

Eastern Islands, 7

Easy Hill, 307, 352-53

Ella Hill, 382

Ely, Col. Louis B., 387

Emperor, Japanese, 57, 470-71

Engineer Battalion, 6th, 373

Engineer Combat Battalion, 102nd, 191, 245

Engineer Regiment, 233rd, 170

Engineer Special Brigade, 1st, 80, 407

Engineering problems

in attack on Shuri, 191-93

in bridge building, 81, 140, 191-93, 211, 314, 373

in cave warfare, 256

in maintenance of roads, 81, 139, 403, 409-10

in organization of beaches, 79-80, 170

in reconditioning airfields, 81-82, 183-84, 403

Eniwetok, 1, 36, 38

Enterprise, 46-49, 101-02

Equipment. See also Weapons.

issuance of, 37-38

new types, 38, 257

shortages of, 80, 410-12

Erickson, Maj. Kenny W., 119

Espiritu Santo, 36, 40-43

Essex, 99

Evacuation

of casualties, 82, 412-15

of Okinawa civilians, 82, 415-17

of Shuri, 383-402

Expeditionary Troops, 23, 28

–F–

Fast Carrier Force, 23, 44-46

Field Artillery Battalions

31st, 228

304th, 54, 176

305th, 54, 153, 156

306th, 153, 156

362nd, 372

902nd, 153, 156

Field Artillery Group, 420th, 51, 57

Field Artillery Regiment, 42nd, 87

Field Hospital, 69th, 83

Field hospitals, 83, 412-14

Fifth Fleet, 46. 66, 154-56, 194, 359

Finn, Col. John M., 224-25, 441-42

Fire power. See also Artillery.

American, 137, 189, 253-56

Japanese, 16, 87-91, 129, 132-33, 250

Flame throwers, 38, 187, 255-57

Flattop Hill, 339-44, 347-493 366-69

Fleet Marine Force, Pacific Fleet, 37, 156

Fleet Marine Force Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion. 57

Flemig, Capt. Ernest A., 205

Formosa, 2-7, 19-21, 27, 37, 45, 84, 91, 95-97, 102, 260, 362, 462. See also CAUSEWAY Operation.

Fortifications, Japanese, 16, 69, 91-94, 103, 105- 111, 113-15. See also Shuri defenses.

Foster, S/Sgt. Gordon P., 222

Foulston, Lt. Col. Robert C., 439, 442

Fourteenth Air Force, 21

Fox Hill, 352-53

Fox Pinnacle, 353

Fox Ridge, 210-11, 217

Franklin, 50

Frothinger, 1st Lt. Richard W., 356

Frydrych, S/Sgt. Joseph, 441

Fujioka, Lt. Gen. Takeo, 85, 112, 283, 388

Futema, 32, 75-77, 131, 285, 420

–G–

Gaja, 269, 352, 355-56

Gaja Ridge, 273, 307, 351-52, 355

“Gate,” the, 234-35

Geiger, Maj. Gen. Roy S., 26

assumes command of Tenth Army, 461

in conquest of northern Okinawa, 138

Geruma, 52-54

Gilbert Islands, 1, 20, 26

Ginowan, 134, 235

Ginowan-Shuri Road, 104, 110, 126, 198-202, 205, 247, 269, 291

Gisushi, 425

Golden, 1st Lt. Irving S., 191, 211

Goodman, T/5 William, 382

Government House Hill, 162, 164, 177-80

Graybill, Lt. Col. Russell, 124

Green, Lt. Col. Roy A., 224, 306, 379

Green Beach, on Ie Shima, 153

Griner, Maj. Gen. George W., Jr., 208, 211, 243, 245

plan for attack on Urasoe-Mura Escarpment, 190-91

views on Item Pocket battle, 214, 219

Guadalcanal, 26-27, 36, 40-43, 249, 373

Guam, 1, 26-27, 38, 56, 95, 262, 361

Guerard, Col. John W., 262

Guerrilla warfare, 139, 143, 148, 458-59

Gunfire and Covering Force, 25, 28

Gushi, 432

Gushichan, 422, 427, 434, 440

Gusukuma, 209, 211-13, 218

Gusukuma Ridge, 209, 213

Hacksaw Ridge. See Urasoe-Mura Escarpment.

Hagushi, 27, 32, 362, 403-06

Hagushi beaches, 16-17, 51, 67, 75, 77-81, 83, 94, 146, 149

advantages for landing, 33

air bombardment of, 65

approaches cleared of mines, 63-64

description of, 10

Japanese air attacks on, 97-101

landing of American forces, 69-74, 187-89

organization of, 79-82

reconnaissance of, 68

unloading capacity, 39, 80-81

Half Moon Hill, 318

Halloran, Col. Michael E., 120, 200, 208, 438, 447-49

Halsey, Admiral William F., 359

Hanagusuku, 441-42

Hancock, 50, 99, 102

Harbors. See also Anchorages.

delay in capture of, 383, 403-06, 420-21

development of, 39, 420-21

Harmon, Lt. Gen. Millard F., 3

Hart, Lt. Col. Joseph T., 209

Hartl, Lt. Col. Albert V., 300

Hartline, Lt. Col. Franklin W., 232

Hawaii, 40. See also Oahu.

Heavy Mortar Regiment, 1st, 235

Hector Hill, 398

Hedo Point, 102, 144

Hemlock Hill, 381

Hen Hill, 398

Henrico, 79

Hetty Hill, 382

Highway 5. See Route 5.

Hill, Admiral Harry W., 359

Hill 27, 376

Hill 46, 376-77

Hill 53, 433

Hill 55, 328-30

Hill 57, 425, 432

Hill 60, 304-06

Hill 62, 433

Hill 69, 382, 451

Hill 81, 459

Hill 85, 459

Hill 89, 393-94, 458, 468

Hill 95, 434, 439-40, 441-43, 446-47, 455-56

Hill 98, 377

Hill 115, 456-58

Hill 130. See Chocolate Drop Hill.

Hill 138, 269, 276-79

Hill 143, 234, 247

Hill 150, 274-76

Hill 152, 274-76

Hill 153, 456-58, 462

Hill 165, 76-77

Hill 178, 104, 112, 126, 184, 185, 196, 219-22, 224, 226-28, 247, 269, 351-52

Hill 187, 281, 293, 332

Hill 196, 187, 274

Hills, S/Sgt. George, 309

Hindenburg, Sgt. Richard, 400

Hiroshima, 49

Hizaonna, 77

Hodge, Maj. Gen. John R., 26, 104, 310, 351, 377n, 382, 423, 425-27, 450

at Conical Hill, 356

at Kochi Ridge, 274

in Kakuzu battle, 243-45

plan of attack, 184-87

Hokaji, 52

Holm, 1st Lt. John J., 225

Hongo, Col. Kikuji, 458n

Honshu, 2, 3, 46-50

Hornet, 46

Horseshoe, the, 318, 319, 322-23, 372

Horseshoe Ridge, 271

Hospitalization, facilities for, 39, 412-15

How Hill, 269, 273, 307-09

Hundred Meter Hill, 330-32, 366, 397, 400

Hyakuna, 425

Hydrographic information, 15

–I–

ICEBERG Operation, plans for, 1-43, 260, 419

Ie, 149, 160-64, 167-73, 175, 178-80

Ie Shima, 7-9, 16, 19, 32, 39, 44, 94, 102, 258-59, 267, 360-62, 383

airfields, 150, 152, 156-59, 171, 183, 362

capture of, 149-83

development of bases, 171, 182-83, 419-20

landing beaches, 149, 153, 160, 167-71

plan of attack on, 153-56

terrain, 149-50, 173

Iegusugu Mountain, 150, 159-60, 163-67, 173-77, 180-82. See also Pinnacle, the, on Ie Shima.

Igawa, Major, 150

Igawa Unit, 150

Iheya Islands, 7, 461

Illumination, naval, 134-35, 245, 253, 288

Imperial Fleet, Japanese. See Japanese Navy.

Imperial General Staff, Japanese, 95-96

Imperial Headquarters, Japanese Army, 84, 470

Independent Antitank Battalions

3rd, 394

7th, 317

Independent Antitank Gun Battalion, 22nd, 204, 393

Independent Infantry Battalions

11th, 220, 227, 325

12th, 108, 129, 197

13th, 108, 204

14th, 107-08, 111-12, 197

15th, 204, 235

21st, 204, 210, 235, 325

23rd, 204, 235, 325

26th, 295

27th, 352

29th, 303, 344, 352

272nd, 134-37, 204

273rd, 235

Independent Machine Gun Battalions

3rd, 352

4th, 235

17th, 394

Independent Mixed Brigade, 44th, 15, 85-87, 95, 130, 150, 189, 250, 259, 263, 268, 285, 291, 304, 311, 317-18, 352, 376, 383, 393, 396, 436, 449-50, 458

Independent Mixed Regiment, 15th, 87, 317

Indianapolis, 67

Infantry Battalions

1st (17th Infantry), 271, 273, 300, 309, 443-47

1st (32nd Infantry), 126, 273, 439, 441-42, 446-47

1st (105th Infantry), 202-05, 238-43

1st (106th Infantry). 238-43

1st (165th Infantry), 208-14

1st (184th Infantry), 108, 425

1st (305th Infantry) , 159, 162, 167, 171-75, 177, 180

1st (306th Infantry), 55, 175, 177, 180, 293, 341

1st (307th Infantry), 280-82

1st (381st Infantry), 120, 122, 124, 134, 200-02, 231-32, 276, 438, 443, 449

1st (382nd Infantry), 127, 198, 229, 232, 346, 349, 370-72

1st (383rd Infantry), 115, 117, 119, 353

2nd (17th Infantry), 271, 273, 447

2nd (32nd Infantry), 126, 196, 223, 226, 379, 441

2nd (105th Infantry), 205, 236, 238-43

2nd (106th Infantry), 205, 242, 267

2nd (165th Infantry), 209-11, 245

2nd (184th Infantry), 196, 220, 224, 378

2nd (305th Infantry), 154

2nd (306th Infantry), 56, 175, 177, 180-81, 341

2nd (307th Infantry), 162, 164, 172-75, 177-80, 342

2nd (381st Infantry), 120-24, 134-35, 231-34

2nd (382nd Infantry), 126, 134, 197, 232, 234, 349, 372, 451

2nd (383rd Infantry), 110, 117, 118, 121, 133, 276, 353, 355-56, 400

3rd (17th Infantry), 271, 273, 307, 439, 445

3rd (32nd Infantry), 76, 223-24, 291, 379

3rd (105th Infantry), 205, 236, 238-43

3rd (106th Infantry), 202, 205, 244-45

3rd (165th Infantry), 213

3rd (184th Infantry), 112, 133, 229, 307, 378

3rd (305th Infantry), 159-62, 172-75, 177

3rd (306th Infantry), 56, 175-77, 180-81, 338- 39

3rd (307th Infantry), 162, 164-67, 171, 173-75, 177-81, 280-81, 342-43, 348, 397

3rd (381st Infantry), 197, 200-02, 231, 357-58, 400, 449

3rd (382nd Infantry), 126, 133, 229, 232, 346-47

3rd (383rd Infantry), 104, 115-17, 121-24, 234- 35, 353, 372, 400

Infantry Battalions. See also Independent Infantry Battalions.

1st (2nd Infantry Unit), 150

1st (22nd Regiment), 295

1st (32nd Regiment), 295-99, 303

2nd (22nd Regiment), 394

2nd (32nd Regiment), 303

3rd (15th Independent Mixed Regiment), 396

3rd (32nd Regiment), 293, 303

3rd (44th Independent Mixed Brigade), 393

Infantry Division, 7th, 26, 104, 133, 137, 184-89, 192, 229, 245-47, 258-59, 265, 306-11, 357-60, 377n, 387, 391, 393

at Kochi Ridge, 269-74

days in combat, 386

flank attack on Shuri, 377-83

halted on the cast, 111-12, 126-27, 194-96

in Battle of the Crags, 227-28

in capture of the Pinnacle, 105-08

in Japanese counteroffensive of 4-5 May, 289-91, 295-99

in pursuit south of Shuri, 423-27, 434-36, 439, 441, 443, 445-46, 449, 456, 465

in Skyline Battle, 220-27

landing on Okinawa, 72, 75-77

mounting out, 41

role in general plan, 32

strength at beginning of campaign, 26

supply problems, 263, 407

training and rehearsal, 40

Infantry Division, 27th, 26, 113, 187, 189, 190, 200, 247, 258-60, 265-67, 276, 311, 383, 412

at Kakazu Ridge, 202, 219, 232

designated floating reserve, 28, 33

heavy losses, 238

in Battle of Pinnacles, 235-43

mounting out, 41-43

night attack on Urasoe-Mura Escarpment, 190-93

role in general plan, 184-87, 190

strength at beginning of campaign, 26

Infantry Division, 77th, 26, 28, 79, 258-60, 265- 68, 279, 309-11, 332, 344, 346-49, 365, 383-84, 423, 459

at Maeda Escarpment, 282

attack on Chocolate Drop, 338-43

attack on Ishimmi Ridge, 333-38

days in combat, 386

halted before Shuri, 366-72

in capture of Ie Shima, 149-82

in capture of Kerama Islands, 27-28, 51-60

in Japanese counteroffensive of 4-5 May, 293, 295-99

in occupation of Shuri, 394-98, 400

mounting out, 41-43

role in general plan, 32, 264-65

strength at beginning of campaign, 26

strength on 26 May, 386

training and rehearsal, 40

Infantry Division, 81st, 26, 28

Infantry Division, 96th, 26, 133, 137, 214, 243- 45, 259, 265-67, 279, 309-11, 332, 341-42, 365, 383-84, 398

at Conical Hill, 352-56, 357, 377, 387-88

at Dick Hills, 343-46, 349

at Kakazu Ridge, 113-27

at Maeda Escarpment, 274-76

at Nishibaru Ridge, 230-35

at Oboe Hill, 369-72

days in combat, 386

halted in the center, 197-207

heavy losses, 113

in Japanese counteroffensive of 4-5 May, 285

in pursuit south of Shuri, 423-27, 439, 441, 443-46, 449-50, 456, 459

landing on Okinawa, 72, 75-77

mounting out, 41

preliminary attack on Shuri, 103-05, 108-10, 219-20

role in general plan, 32, 184, 185-89, 192, 258

strength at beginning of campaign, 26

strength on 26 May, 386

training and rehearsal, 40

Infantry Division, 9th, 15-16, 85, 87-89, 93, 462

Infantry Division, 24th, 15, 227, 259, 262, 263, 379, 388

heavy losses, 383

in counteroffensive of 4-5 May, 283-85, 289-91, 294-95, 301-02, 303-04

in defense of Conical Hill, 352

in defense of Flattop area, 344

in defense of Maeda, 276, 279

in defense of Yaeju-Dake, 436, 450, 458-59

in offensive of 12-13 April, 130-37

opposes 7th Division on east, 269

opposes 77th Division in center, 332

organization, 85-87

retreat from Shuri, 392-94

Infantry Division, 28th, 16

Infantry Division, 62nd, 15, 92, 94, 107, 108, 112, 267-69, 381

heavy losses, 383

in counteroffensive of 4-5 May, 283, 304

in defense of Item Pocket, 210

in defense of Kakazu area, 127

in defense of Maeda, 275

in defense of Pinnacles, 235

in defense of Skyline Ridge, 227

in defense of Yaeju-Dake, 436, 450, 458

in offensive of 12-13 April, 130-37

opposes 1st Marine Division, 325

opposes 27th Division on west, 189-90, 194

organization, 85-87

retreat from Shuri, 388, 394

role in Japanese general plan, 93

Infantry Regiments

17th (7th Division), 76, 228-30, 271-73, 289, 299-300, 307-09, 439, 443-49, 456-58

32nd (7th Division), 76-77, 107, 111, 126, 133, 196, 220-27, 272-73, 291, 378-82, 423, 425, 439, 441-43. 446-47, 456-58, 468

105th (27th Division), 191, 194-202, 205-07, 214, 236, 238-43, 245, 267

106th (27th Division), 190-91, 193-94, 202, 205, 214, 238-45, 267

165th (27th Division), 208-10, 211-19, 245, 267

184th (7th Division), 76, 107-08, 111-12, 125- 26, 133, 196-97, 224-25, 228-30, 273, 290- 91, 306-07, 352, 377-82, 425, 439, 458

305th (77th Division), 79, 154, 160-67, 170-75, 177-81, 332-33, 338, 341, 369, 459, 471

306th (77th Division), 159-60, 163, 170, 173- 82, 279, 293, 295-99, 332-33, 338-42, 346- 48, 369, 397

307th (77th Division), 160-75, 177-81, 280-81, 333, 336, 337, 342-43, 348, 369, 397

381st (96th Division), 76, 120-27, 197-202, 231-32, 275-79, 357-59, 400, 438, 443-45, 447-49, 456

382nd (96th Division), 104-05, 110-11, 126-27, 133-34, 197, 219, 230-34, 309, 344-47, 349, 353, 369-72, 398, 451

383rd (96th Division), 104-05, 110, 113, 115, 119-24, 126, 133, 137, 185, 232-34, 274-79, 352-57, 372, 400, 425, 443, 449, 450-51

Infantry Regiments

22nd, 87, 131-33, 137, 189, 269, 284, 285, 304, 344

32nd, 87, 285, 291-93, 295, 302-04, 332, 344, 458

89th, 87, 285, 290, 304, 352

Infantry Unit, 2nd, 87, 94

Infantry-tank teams. See Tank-infantry teams.

Inland Sea, 46-49, 96

Intelligence

American, 14-17, 20, 34, 103, 387, 389-92

Japanese, 68, 94

Intrepid, 101-02

Irammiya, 75

Isa, 76-77, 104, 289

Ishikawa, 77, 138-39, 406, 417

Ishikawa Isthmus, 9, 17, 32-33, 138

Ishimmi, 77, 287, 312, 333-34

Ishimmi Ridge, 333-39, 369

Ishin, 126

Island Command Okinawa, 26, 39, 80, 406-07

Island Commander, 35

Iso, 235-36, 238

Isolation of target, 20, 28, 33, 102

Item Hill, 269, 346

Item Pocket, 207, 208-19, 265, 267

Itoman, 10, 260, 414, 434-36

Itomi, 143-44

Itomi-Manna road, 147-48

Iwa, 259, 379, 392, 422, 427

Iwo Jima, 4, 19, 27, 44, 96, 260

–J–

Jane Hill, 366-69, 398

Japan

American strategy against, 1-7

annexation of Okinawa by, 9

blockade of, 2-3, 6

Emperor of, 56, 470-71

projected invasion of, 1-7, 17-19, 474

Japanese forces. See Japanese Navy; Thirty-second Army.

Japanese High Command, 93

Japanese Navy. See also Okinawa Naval Base Force.

defeat in Philippine Sea, 1-2

in plan of defense, 93, 96

operations in defense of Ryukyus, 49, 96-102

strength in Okinawa campaign, 428

Jichaku Ridge, 268

Johnson, S/Sgt. Carl W., 300

Johnson, Lt. Col. Charles W., 127

Johnson, S/Sgt. Lester L., 440

Johnson, S/Sgt. Nathan S., 243

Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2, 4, 260, 420

Joint Expeditionary Force, 25, 31, 41

June Hill, 379, 382

Juniper Hill, 378

–K–

Kadena airfield, 10, 16, 44, 74-75, 80-81, 94, 97, 101, 129, 255, 288, 360-61, 409, 419-20

Kagoshima Bay, 66

Kakazu, 115, 134-37, 191, 202-03, 205, 243-45, 323, 400

Kakazu Gorge, 198, 202-03

Kakazu Pocket, 243-47

Kakazu Ridge, 110, 113-25, 115-25, 133-34, 185, 197-207, 219-20, 231-35, 243, 248, 302, 323

Kakazu West, 113-24, 134-35, 202, 244

Kamikaze planes. See Suicide planes.

Kamikaze Special Attack Corps, 93

Kamizato, 379, 389, 393

Kanayama, Col. Hotishi, 352

Kaniku, 110-11, 121, 126-27, 133, 197-98

Karadera, 379-81

Karadera Hill, 382

Katchin Peninsula, 13, 32, 77, 406, 417, 420

Keise Islands, 31

Keise Shima, 19, 51, 57, 65, 70

Kelley, Col. Gerard W., 208, 211, 214, 217, 219

Kerama Islands, 7, 43-44, 68-69, 79, 96, 102, 154, 173, 183, 265

anchorages, 52, 60

capture of, 51-63

garrison forces on, 259

landing beaches, 51

mass suicide of civilians, 58, 415

plan of attack on, 19, 27-28, 31, 34

terrain, 52

use of by Americans, 63

Kerama Kaikyo, 52

Kerama Retto. See Kerama Islands.

Kezu Point, 215

Kibara, 307-09

Kidd, Capt. Edward C., 237

Kikai, 259, 419

Kin, 139, 409, 420

King, Lt. Col. Byron F., 115, 117, 119

King, Admiral Ernest J., 4

King, Pfc. Richard, 218

King Hill, 351-55, 357

Kishaba, 77, 130-32

Kiska, 84

Klawitter, Pfc. Kenneth J., 222-23

Knob Hill. See Hundred Meter Hill.

Kobe, 49

Kochi, 187, 250, 269-73, 290-91, 295-99, 307, 400

Kochi Ridge, 269-74, 307-09, 332

Kochi Valley, 347

Kokuba Channel, 375

Kokuba Hills, 376

Kokuba River, 373-77

Komesu, 427

Korean laborers, 52-54, 58

Koza, 76, 417

Kuba, 10, 32-34, 55, 76, 105, 406

Kuhazu, 137, 269, 272, 290, 307

Kume, 7, 45, 46, 419

Kunishi, 400

Kunishi Ridge, 434, 450-54, 456-58, 462

Kure, 49

Kutoku, 77

Kuwan, 287

Kuwan Inlet, 267

Kwajalein, 1, 26, 57

Kwiecien, Pfc. John J., 370

Kyushu, 3, 21, 25, 46-50, 66, 69, 75, 97-102, 361, 362, 421, 474

–L–

L Day, 28-32, 33, 57, 64, 68, 74, 81, 263

Landing beaches. See Hagushi beaches; Ie Shima, landing beaches; Kerama Islands, landing beaches; Minatoga beaches.

Landings

feinted on east coast, 28, 33, 72, 247, 263

on Ie Shima, 155-60, 167-70

on Kerama Islands, 51-52

on Okinawa, 69-72

second landing considered, 258-64

Leffel, 1st Lt. Daniel R., 222

Lewis, S/Sgt. Howard, 214-15

Leyte, 2-7, 26, 36, 38, 40-44, 51, 56, 85, 95, 249, 258, 425

Leyte Gulf, 40

Light Machine Gun Battalions

1st, 197

2nd, 204

Little, 287

Locust Hill, 379-81

Logistical planning, 21-27, 31-33, 35-39, 43. See

also Supply.

Love Hill, 351-55, 357, 372, 400

Lutz, Maj. Herman M., 217

Luzon, 3-4, 21, 28, 43-45. See also Philippine Islands.

–M–

Mabel Hill, 379, 382

Mabie, Capt. Howard L., 320, 322

Mabuni, 393-94, 470-71

MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 2-4, 19

MacDonnell, Sgt. Theodore R., 226

Machinato, 16, 103, 192-93, 236, 238, 245, 405-06, 412, 420-21

Machinato airfield, 13, 16, 209, 214, 218, 260, 267-68, 302, 431

Machinato Inlet, 184, 187, 190-91, 198, 202, 207, 219

Machine Gun Battalions

103rd, 393

105th, 393

Machishi, 376

Maeda, 227, 274-76, 285-86, 293, 309-10

Maeda Escarpment, 274-76, 280-82, 309

Mahoney, Lt. Col. James H., 209, 211

Majuro, 1

Makabe, 389, 436, 461, 471

Makibaru, 75

Makin, 1, 209

Malaria, control of, 415

Malaya, 85

Manchuria, 150, 392

Manna, 143-44

Manna River, 141

Maps, for Okinawa campaign, 14-15

Marcus Island, 44

Marianas Islands, 1, 3, 6, 21, 36, 38, 44, 46, 83, 85, 96, 361, 414

Marine Battalions

1st (1st Marines), 306, 451

1st (4th Marines), 144, 146, 376, 431

1st (5th Marines), 396

1st (7th Marines), 326-28, 330

1st (22nd Marines), 147, 314, 318, 375-76

1st (29th Marines), 143-44, 147, 321

2nd (1st Marines), 304-06, 330-32, 366, 454

2nd (4th Marines), 144, 146, 432

2nd (5th Marines), 329, 425, 454

2nd (7th Marines), 325-28

2nd (22nd Marines), 144, 317-19, 375, 433

2nd (29th Marines), 143-44

3rd (1st Marines), 330-32

3rd (4th Marines), 146

3rd (7th Marines), 328, 330

3rd (22nd Marines), 317, 375, 433

3rd (29th Marines), 143-44, 146, 318, 321

Marine Division, 1st, 27, 76-77, 313, 329, 366-69, 373, 383, 459

at Wana Ridge. 330-32, 365-66

attack on Shuri Heights, 323-25

days in combat, 386

in Asa River battle. 267-68

in fight for Hill 60, 304-06

in Japanese counteroffensive of 4-5 May, 286, 288, 291, 302

in Kunishi Ridge battle, 450-52

landing on Okinawa, 72

on Oroku Peninsula, 432-33

role in general plan, 32, 260, 267-68, 311

strength at beginning of campaign, 26

strength on 26 May, 386

supply problems, 409, 425

training and rehearsal, 40

Marine Division, 2nd, 26, 43, 461

feint on east coast, 28, 33, 74

mounting out, 41

role in general plan, 260

strength at beginning of campaign, 26

training and rehearsal, 40-41

Marine Division, 6th, 26, 77, 311, 312-14, 383, 434

advance on the west, 313-14

attack on Sugar Loaf, 317-23

capture of Oroku Peninsula, 424, 431

days in combat, 386

heavy losses, 322-23

in conquest of northern Okinawa, 138-48

in pursuit south of Shuri, 459

landing on Okinawa, 72-75

occupation of Naha, 372-77

role in general plan, 32, 259-60, 267

strength at beginning of campaign, 26

strength on 26 May, 386

training and rehearsal, 40

Marine Fighter Groups, 97

Marine Regiments

1st (1st Marine Division), 267-68, 328-29, 332, 365-66, 393-97, 451-54

4th (6th Marine Division), 72, 139, 144, 146-48, 322-23, 376, 431-33

5th (1st Marine Division), 267-68, 310, 329-30, 365-66, 394-97. 454

7th (1st Marine Division), 313, 325, 326-29, 330, 451-54

8th (2nd Marine Division), 461

22nd (6th Marine Division), 77, 139, 144, 313-19, 323, 375-77, 432-33, 454

29th (6th Marine Division), 139-44, 146-48, 318-20, 321-23, 376-77, 431-33

Marshall Islands, 1, 20, 26

Marshalls-Gilberts area, 21

Mashiki, 104

May, Col. E. T., 110, 113, 118-21, 356-57

May, Pfc. Martin O., 172, 178

Maybury, Lt. Col. Daniel G., 108, 290

McCarthy, S/Sgt. James R. W., 225

McCracken, 1st Lt. Richard S., 290

McDonough, Lt. Col. John, 209-10

McSpadden, S/Sgt. Lowell E., 425

Meagher, T/Sgt. John, 459-61

Medeera, 458, 461, 471

Medium Artillery Regiment, 1st, 250

Midget Submarine Unit, 428

Mike Hill, 357

Military Government, on Okinawa

assumes custody of civilians, 83, 415-19

organization and administration, 417

plans for, 34-35

provision of food and medical care, 35, 417

Military Government Section, Tenth Army, 417

Military Governor, on Okinawa, 35

Minami, 45-46

Minami-Uebaru, 13, 111

Minatoga, 13, 34, 68, 74, 94-95, 103, 259, 263, 406, 409, 414, 427, 436, 439

Minatoga beaches, 247, 259, 262

Minatoga River, 427

Mindanao, 2-3

Mine sweeping, 31, 63

Minna Island. See Minna Shima.

Minna Shima, 156, 160, 164

Missouri, 49

Mitchell, 1st Lt. Willard F., 116, 118-19

Mitscher, Vice Admiral Marc A., 23, 44-45, 49-50

Miyako, 45, 260, 267, 419-20

M. L. Abele, 101

Momobaru, 75-76

Morale

American, 178, 208, 281, 360, 383-86

Japanese, 384-86, 462-63

Moreau, Lt. Col. Jean W., 147

Morotai, 2

Morris, Lt. Col. Lee, 356

Morrison, 294

Mortar Battalion, 2nd, 204

Moss, Capt. Howard, 458n

Motobu Peninsula, 7-9, 65, 94, 138-44, 149-50, 156

Mountain warfare, 143

Mouse Hill, 379

Mulhearn, Capt. John F., 200

Murakami, Colonel, 293

Murphy, Capt. Charles, 230

Murphy, 1st Lt. George, 320

–N–

Nagahama, 77

Nago, 80, 141-44

Nagusuku, 428

Naha, 10, 57, 102, 131, 262, 267, 287, 313-17, 365, 387-88, 405-15, 423, 427-31

air attack on, 44-45

delay in capturing port, 383, 403-06, 421

description of, 13

devastation of, 400

naval bombardment of, 63-64

occupied by 6th Marine Division, 373-77

plan for attack on, 32-33, 39, 93, 184

reconnaissance of, 15-16, 209

Naha airfield, 13, 16, 352, 383, 427-31

Naha Canal, 375

Naha Harbor, 9

Naha Inlet, 431, 433

Naha-Ko, 392

Naha-Yonabaru road, 184-85, 352, 379, 412, 471

Naha-Yonabaru valley, 376, 378-79, 381, 389, 393, 471

Nakadomari, 77, 139

Nakagusuku Bay, 9, 13, 16, 33, 34, 39, 65, 76-77, 103, 132, 187, 220, 253, 260, 351, 359, 362, 383, 420-21

Nakama, 236-37, 243, 267, 276

Nakanishi, 268

Nakashima, General, 283

Nakaza, 434

Nan Hill, 304-06

Nansei Shoto. See Ryukyu Islands.

National Home Defense Units, 89

Naval attacks. See also Naval fire support.

American, 1-2, 45-50, 97-102

Japanese, 49, 60, 96-102

Naval bases, development of. See also Base development.

Kerama Islands, 51-52, 63-64

Okinawa, 38-39, 419-21

plans for, 3, 6-7, 38-39, 419, 421

Naval fire support, 29-32, 69, 185, 253-55, 260, 329, 400. See also Naval forces, Allied; Navy, U. S.

attack of 19 April, 185, 194

Conical Hill, 351

Hill 60, 304

Ie Shima, 157, 181

Kakazu Pocket, 243

Kakazu Ridge, 110

Motobu Peninsula, 147, 389

pursuit south of Shuri, 450

role of in campaign, 19-20, 28-29, 253-55

Sugar Loaf, 318

Naval forces, Allied, 6, 19-25, 28, 66-67, 101-02, 253-55, 359. See also British Task Force 57;

Navy, U. S.; Task Forces.

Naval forces, Japanese. See Japanese Navy.

Naval illumination, 134-35, 245, 253, 287

Navy, U. S. See also Naval bases; Naval forces, Allied; Naval fire support,

casualties, 79, 99-102, 288, 294, 364, 473

establishment of picket stations, 97

landing boats, 70, 72, 80, 82

operations against Japanese ships, 1-2, 49, 97-102

picket vessels, 67, 97, 101-02, 311

plans for, 19-34

responsibility for military government, 35

softening up target, 27-32, 44-50, 63-64, 69, 154

Needle Rock, 274-75, 280

Neuropsychiatric casualties, 384-86, 414-15

Nevada, 67

New Britain, 2

New Caledonia, 26, 36

New Georgia, 26

New Guinea, 2

New Ireland, 2

New Jersey, 49

New York, 110

New Zealand, 23

Newell, Capt. Philip D, 445

Niemeyer, Capt. Tony, 441-42

Nimitz, Admiral Chester W., 19, 260, 262, 411, 419-20

assigns logistical responsibilities, 36-37

plans of, 19-27

responsibility for military government, 35

views on logistical problems, 38-39

views on proposed Formosa operation, 2-4

views on proposed second landing, 262

Nisei, 56

Nishibaru, 126, 133, 232-34

Nishibaru Ridge, 110, 185, 197-204, 219-20, 230-35, 247

Nist, Col. Cecil W., 286, 351

Nodake, 77, 104

Noemfoor, 2

Nolan, Lt. Col. D. A., Jr., 200, 205, 358, 449

North Pacific Area, 20

Northern Attack Force, 25, 29-32, 43

Northern Tractor Flotilla, 43

–O–

Oahu, 25, 36, 41, 256, 412. See also Hawaii.

Oak Hill, 379, 382

Oboe Hill, 349-55, 369-72, 400

O’Brien, 1st Lt. Lawrence T., 222-23

O’Hara’s Knob, 184, 192

Okinawa. See also Okinawans; Ryukyu Islands.

description of, 7-14

history of, 9

Okinawa Group (Gunto), 7

Okinawa Home Guards. See Boeitai.

Okinawa Naval Base Force, 89, 427-28, 433-34

Okinawans, 355, 389, 439

agriculture, 9

civilian casualties, 468

Conscripts in Japanese Army, 87-89, 103, 110, 150, 210, 436

culture and religion, 9, 34, 51

in custody of Military Government, 83, 415-19

language, 9

organization for guerilla warfare, 138, 143, 458-59

surrender of, 468

Okino, 46

Okmo Daito, 46, 419

Onaga, 187, 250, 269-71, 272-73, 289-90, 299, 307, 344

Ona-Yama Island, 375, 431

O’Neill, 1st Lt. Owen R., 356

Ormoc, 258

Oroku, 269

Oroku Peninsula, 13, 64, 89, 375, 389, 392, 424, 427-34, 451

Ota, Rear Admiral Minoru, 89, 427-28, 433-34

Ouki, 104, 112, 126, 185, 196, 219, 223, 310

Ouki Hill, 196, 220-25

Oyama, 103, 105, 250, 285

Ozato, 427, 451

–P–

Pachler, Col. Francis, 307, 445-46

Pacific Fleet, 37

Pacific Ocean, Allied strategy in, 1-7

Pacific Ocean Areas, 1-2, 4, 21, 36, 44. See also Nimitz, Admiral Chester W.

Palau Islands, 2, 95

Parker, Capt. James, 290

Pearl Harbor, 1, 14. See also Oahu.

Peleliu, 2, 26

Perry, Commodore Matthew C., 9, 107

Philippine Islands, 2-3, 7, 19, 85, 91, 95-96, 102

Picket stations, 97

Picket vessels, 67, 97, 101-02, 311

Pinnacle, the, 107-08, 111

Pinnacle, the, on Ie Shima, 150-52, 160-71, 173-77 180-81. See also Iegusugu Mountain.

Pinnacles, Battle of the, 235-43, 267

Planning

base development, 419-20

Ie Shima, 153-54

Japanese, 84-96, 150-52

joint planning, 2-7, 17-34, 419-20

Operation ICEBERG, 1-43

Post, Brig. Gen. Elwyn D., 311

Potter’s Ridge, 210-11, 214-15

“Powerhouse Attack,” on Kakazu, 120-21, 126-27

Presidential Unit Citation, award of, 330

Prisoners, Japanese, 384, 465-67, 473-74

Pritchard, Sgt. James, 118

Propaganda

American, 34, 45, 463-65

Japanese, 125, 343

Proximity fuses, 257

Psychological warfare. See Propaganda.

Pyle, Ernie, 163

–Q–

Queen Hill, 319

–R–

Radar

land-based, 102, 419

patrol groups, 49

Rain, effect of on operations, 360-82

Rall, S/Sgt. Francis M., 110

Randle, Brig. Gen. Edwin H., 163, 175, 180-81

Rawlings, Vice Admiral H. B., 66

Ready, Brig. Gen. Joseph L., 307

Reconnaissance

aerial, 14-150 45, 97, 103. 139, 389-92

Japanese, 68

photographic, 14-15, 45, 103, 141, 209

Reconnaissance Company, 6th, 373-75, 431

Reconnaissance Troops

7th, 289

27th, 202, 244

96th, 104

Red Beach 1, 153

Red Beach 2, 153

Red Beach 3, 149, 153, 160, 170-71

Red Beach 4, 149, 153, 160, 170-71

Red Hill, 111-12

Regiments. See Infantry Regiments; Marine Regiments.

Regrouping of forces

American, 244-47, 265-67

Japanese, 204, 269-71, 279

Richardson, Et. Gen. Robert C., Jr., 3, 21-23

Roads

difficulty of maintenance, 409

effect of heavy rains on, 360, 365-69, 403

general character of on Okinawa, 9-13

on Ie Shima, 149

reconstruction of, 81, 139, 403, 409-10

Robertson, T/Sgt. Alfred C., 124

Rocky Crags, 196-97, 219, 230-32

Roger Hill, 398

Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 125

“Roulette Wheel,” the, 273, 290

Route 1, 81, 191, 193, 207, 209-11, 218, 409

Route 5, 104, 133, 198, 247, 269, 293, 295-99, 309, 332, 338, 339-41, 342, 409, 422

Route 13, 351, 409

Royster, Capt. Jack A., 116-17

Ruiz, Pfc. Alejandro, 218

Russell Islands, 36, 40-43

Ryan, Capt. Bernard, 215-18

Ryan Ridge, 210-11, 214-18

Ryukyu Islands, 15, 17-19, 23-25, 68, 138, 317

climate and terrain, 7-14

development of bases in, 3-6, 38-39, 52, 63, 171, 183, 419-21

general description of, 7-14

invasion of, 44-67

Japanese forces in, 84-91

Japanese plan of defense, 92-96

photographic reconnaissance of, 14-15, 45, 103, 141, 154-56, 209

plans for taking, 1-43, 259-60, 419

strategic importance, 1, 3-4, 474

Ryukyus Force, 23, 359

Saipan, 1, 27, 36-38, 40-41, 74, 95, 259-60, 361, 461

Sakishima Islands, 25, 66, 97, 101, 260

Samurai, code of honor. 463, 471

San Jacinto, 102

San Pedro Bay, 43

Sangamon, 294

Sanitation, control of, 415

Satsuma, 9

Schoeff, T/Sgt. Earnest L., 210

Schriever, Pfc. Delmar, 370

Schrum, Sgt. Paul E., 441

Schultz, T/Sgt. Garret, 222-23

Schweneger, Pvt. William, 355

Sea Raiding Squadron, 26th, 303

Second landing, proposed, 258-59, 262-64, 262n

Service Forces, Pacific Fleet, 23, 37

Sesoko Island, 141

Shaplcy, Col. Alan, 144-47

Shaw, Col. V. F., 262n

Shea, 294

Sheetz, Brig. Gen. Josef R., 194

Shepherd, Maj. Gen. Lemuel C., 313-14, 431-33

Shichina, 376-77, 393

Shido, 75-76

Shikoku, 46-50

Shimabuku, 76, 83, 417

Shimada, Akira, 394

Shimada, Captain, 134

Shimonoseki, 2

Shipping. See also Supply.

capacity of beaches, 39, 405

Japanese air attacks on, 362-64

plans for, 19, 25, 27, 36

problems of during campaign, 405-07

problems of for proposed second landing. 260-63

shortages of, 37-38, 403-07

Shipping Depot, 7th, 303

Shipping Engineer Regiments

23rd, 284

26th, 284, 287

Shuri, 10, 415, 422, 436, 462, 470. See also Shuri defenses.

assaults on, 184-249, 265-80, 360-402

fall of, 383-402

Japanese headquarters in, 283, 287

terrain of adjacent region, 13-14, 187

Shuri Castle, 269, 329, 388, 409

bells found in rums, 402

capture of, 394-97

description of, 402

Japanese counteroffensive planned in, 283

Shuri defenses, 93-96, 103-04, 108, 113-15, 120, 124-25, 127, 130-31, 133, 138, 249-63, 291, 299, 301-04, 307, 309-10, 409, 417, 422-24, 427, 455, 461

assault on first defense ring, 208-48

assault on inner defense ring, 360-92, 394-402

assault on second defense ring, 265-82

attack of 19 April, 184-207

attack of May, 311-60

fall of, 383-402

stalemate before, 360-82

Shuri Heights, 314-18, 323-30, 365

Shuri Ridge, 329, 366, 394-96

Signal Regiment, 36th, 393

Sinkiewicz, 1st Lt. Walter J., 299-300

Skyline Ridge, 196-97, 219-27

Snedeker, Col. Edward W., 451

Sniperscopes, 38, 40

Snooperscopes, 38-39

Solch, Pfc. Joseph, 118

Solomon Islands, 2

Sound locator sets, 256-57

Sound locator teams, 257

South Pacific, 1-2, 28, 37, 41

South Pacific Force, 23

Southern Attack Force, 25, 29-31, 40, 43

Southwest Pacific, 1-2, 37

Southwest Pacific Area, 21, 36, 38, 44

Specially Established Infantry Battalion, 50th, 150

Specially Established Regiment, Boeitai, 1st, 94

Spruance, Admiral Raymond A., 23, 46, 66, 359

Spruce Hill, 378

Stare, Lt. Col. Edward W., 115. 124

Stevens, 1st Lt. John M., 232

Stilwell, Gen. Joseph W., 461

Strategic Air Forces, POA, 20

Strategy. See also Tactics.

Allied strategy in the Pacific, 1-7

decision to take the Ryukyus, 4-7

Strawberry Hill, 343

Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet, 21

Sugar Hill, 351, 357-59, 365, 377

Sugar Loaf Hill, 313, 317-23, 343, 372-73, 387

Suicide

of Admiral Ota, 433

of General Cho, 470-71

of General Ushijima, 470-71

of Japanese at end of campaign, 465-67

of natives on Kerama Islands, 58

of Okinawans, 415

Suicide boats, 17, 60, 64, 80, 87, 102

Suicide planes, 60, 67, 79, 80, 93, 97-101, 154, 170, 284, 287, 294, 362-64

Sunabe, 10

Supplies

as problem in campaign, 403-12

as problem in proposed second landing, 259-63

impeded by mud, 369, 422-23

movement of to front, 406-10

plans for, 36-39

shortages of, 409-12

unloading, problems of, 405-06

Surrender

of Japanese, 465-67, 423-24

of Okinawans, 468

–T–

Tables of Organization, Japanese, 15-16

Tactical Air Force, Tenth Army, 26, 97, 102, 360-61, 473

Tactics

American plan for campaign, 17-34

assault on Japanese caves, 194, 255-57, 441-42, 455-56

defensive vs. offensive, 130, 283, 301-02

in night attacks, 190-93, 333-34, 377-78, 445-47

in pursuit south of Shuri, 422-27, 434-54, 456

issue of second landing, 258-63

Japanese, 19, 67, 92-94, 129, 150-52, 172, 189, 249-53, 392

methods of warfare, 249-57

on Ie Shima, 171

plans for taking Shuri defenses, 103-04, 120, 138, 184-85, 187-89, 208-09, 265-67, 302-03, 30-12, 325

Taira, 141

Tanabaru, 13, 219, 247, 285-86, 294-301

Tanabaru Escarpment, 185, 197-98, 227-28, 234- 35, 247, 299-301

Tanigawa, 1st Lt. Seiji, 107-08

Tank Battalions

193rd, 203, 211, 412

713th, 257, 276

763rd, 104, 235, 276, 356

Tank Regiment, 27th, 89, 285-86, 293, 302, 344, 348, 393

Tank-infantry team, tactical employment, 111, 204, 255-56

Tanks

American employment, 204, 255-56, 441

Japanese, 92

shortages of, 412

summary of losses, 386-87

Tarawa, 1, 27

Tare Hill, 352

Target information centers, 31

Task Force, Bradford. See Bradford Task Force.

Task Force 50, 23

Task Force 51, 23-25, 29, 69, 359

Task Force 52, 25, 28, 31, 63

Task Force 53, 25

Task Force 54, 25, 28

Task Force 55, 25

Task Force 56, 25

Task Force 57, 23-25, 97, 101

Task Force 58, 23-25, 28, 31, 46-51, 63, 65-66, 69, 75, 96-99

Telegraph Hill, 375

Tenth Army, 17, 40, 56-57, 131, 154, 163, 256, 348, 360, 387, 391-92, 463, 465-67, 471. See also Amphibious Corps, III; Corps, XXIV.

advance inland, 74-77

casualties, 414, 461-62, 473

command and organization, 4, 25-26, 359

coordinated attack on Shuri, 303, 309-11, 317, 325, 332, 343-44, 348

in pursuit south of Shuri, 422-62

mop-up campaign, 471-73

mounting out, 41

responsibility for military government, 35, 417-19

supply problems, 37-38, 80, 403, 405-06. 409-12

tactical plans, 27-28, 32-33, 149, 258-63, 422-23

training and rehearsal, 39-40

Tera, 425, 451

Terrain

Ie Shima, 150, 173

Kerama Islands, 51-52

Okinawa, 33

Ryukyu Islands, 7-13

Shuri area, 13-15, 185

Texas, 154

Third Fleet, 44

Thirty-second Army, 113, 269, 275, 428, 436

casualties, 302

command and organization, 15, 84-95

counteroffensives, 130-31, 137, 283-302

disintegration, 455-59, 468-73

evacuation of Shuri, 387-88, 392-94, 422

reorganization, 303-04

strength at beginning of campaign, 85-91

tactical plans, 85-91, 150-52, 189-90

Thomas, Capt. Dallas D., 442

Thompson, Maj. V. H., 438, 443

Three Sisters. See Jane Hill.

Tinian, 1, 27, 95, 361

Tobaru, 355-56

Toguchi, 17, 94, 143

Tokashiki, 52, 55-57, 65, 183

Tokuno, 45-46

Tokyo, 2, 46, 85, 95

Tom Hill, 348, 366-69, 398

Tomb Hill, 112, 125

Tombs, use of in Japanese defenses, 9-10, 69, 95, 150, 198, 220

Tombstone Ridge, 111, 126-27, 133, 185, 197-98, 219, 230

Tomigusuki, 433

Tomui, 392, 449

Tonachi, 7

Tori, 7

Torpedo Maintenance Unit, 37th, 428

Training

of American troops, 39-41

of Japanese troops, 89

Transport Regiment, 24th, 303, 344, 392

Triangulation Hill, 112

Truk, 1

Tsukasan, 389, 393

Tsuwa, 10-13, 94, 104

Turkey Hill, 382

Turner, Sgt. R. D., 355

Turner, Vice Admiral Richmond K., 37, 41, 69, 262n, 311, 359

Twentieth Air Force, 21

–U–

Uchitomari, 10, 94, 104-05, 116, 119-21, 124, 137, 184, 190, 250

Udo, Col. Takehiko, 138, 143, 148

Ukuma, 107

Ulithi, 2, 23, 33, 36, 38, 43, 101

Unaha, 187, 307, 352

Underwater demolition teams, 28, 65, 68, 70, 156

Unit of fire, 38, 410

United States Army Forces, POA, 23

Unjo, 77

Unten Ko, 65

Urasoe-Mura, 104

Urasoe-Mura Escarpment, 13, 115, 185-87, 190-91, 193, 197, 202, 204-05, 219, 235, 247, 274, 293

Ushijima, Lt. Gen. Mitsuru, 57, 87, 156, 267, 275, 383, 392, 422-24, 434, 455-58

defense plans and tactics, 93, 103, 129, 303-04, 325, 388, 425, 436-38, 449

quality as leader, 84-85

refusal to surrender, 463

suicide, 470-71

views on aggressive tactics, 130, 283, 301

–V–

Van Vulpen, Capt. John C., 117

–W–

VT fuses. See Proximity fuses.

Wakde, 2

Wallace, Maj. Gen. Fred C., 35, 39

Wallace, Lt. Col. Lee, 271, 439-40

Walsh, 2nd Lt. Donald, 358

Wana, 312, 323, 365

Wana Draw, 313, 323, 328-30, 365-66, 396

Wana Ridge, 304, 313, 323, 326-28, 330-32, 365-69, 400

Warner, 2nd Lt. Leonard K., 358

Wart Hill, 339-41

Washnok, Capt. Robert, 440-41

Wasp, 50

Watanabe, Lt. Gen. Masao, 16, 84

Watson, Maj. Gen. Thomas E., 74

Weapons

American, 38, 187-89, 253-57

Japanese, 91-92, 249-50

new types, 38, 187, 256

original equipment of troops, 38

tactical employment, 249-57

Weaver, Maj. Maynard, 445

West Pinnacle, 236, 238-43

West Virginia, 75-76

Western Islands Attack Group, 31, 51

Western New Britain, 27

Wewak, 2

William Hill, 307, 352

Williams, Sgt. Donald B., 355

Winn, Col. W. S., 205, 236, 243

Woodhouse, Lt. Col. Horatio C., 318, 320

–Y–

Yaeju-Dake, 13, 389-92, 422-28, 434-56

Yae-Take, 141-48

Yafusu, 211, 267, 304

Yahagi, 99

Yahara, Col. Hiromichi, 84, 130, 132-33, 283, 301-02, 394

Yakabi, 54

Yamato, 49, 99, 102

Yap, 3

Yonabaru, 10-13, 16, 34, 93, 102-03, 132, 184, 194, 259, 263, 287, 311, 351, 357, 377-81, 383, 393, 403, 407-09, 412, 428, 436

Yonabaru airfield, 352

Yonagusuku. See Gaja.

Yontan, 81, 83, 96

Yontan airfield, 10, 16, 32, 44, 74, 80, 94, 97, 101, 130, 148, 255, 287, 360-62, 383, 419-20

Yontan-Zan, 77

Yorktown, 49

Yoron, 7

Yoshida, Lt. Col. Masaru, 131

Yunagusuku, 438

Yuza, 427, 443, 450-51

Yuza-Dake, 13, 389, 422-28, 434-56

–Z–

Zama, 85

Zamami, 52-55, 60

Zampa Point, 10, 97, 362, 420

Zebra Hill, 271, 307-09, 343-46

Zeleski, Pfc. Ignac A., 440