Index
–A–
Aachen, Germany, 246, 249, 295, 303, 306, 310, 526
and airborne planning, 280
capture of, 305
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 359, 360, 363, 364, 366, 367n, 368, 370, 372, 376, 377, 384
Aachener Nachrichten, 344
Act of Military Surrender, 488, 492, 505
Adjutant General’s Division, SHAEF, 91-92, 522, 529
Administration of Territories (Europe) Committee, 77, 78
Admiralty, British. See British Admiralty.
Advance Conference Establishments, 419, 419n
AEAF. See Allied Expeditionary Air Force.
AEAF plan. See Railway bombing plan.
Air Defense of Great Britain, 48, 48n, 126
Air Defense Division, SHAEF, 93-95
Air Division, SHAEF Mission (France), 321n
Air Force Service Command, IX, 163
Air forces, Allied strategic, 278, 427, 461. See also Eighth Air Force, U.S.; Fifteenth Air Force, U.S.; Royal Air Force Bomber Command; U.S. Strategic Air Forces (USSTAF).
bombing of Caen, 185, 185n, 187-89
command of, 32, 44-45, 52, 123-27, 261, 272-74
and CROSSBOW, 134-37
and planning for end of war with Germany in 1944, 307-09, 307n
and railway bombing plan, 127-34, 160
Air forces, Allied tactical, 278, 431. See also Allied Expeditionary Air Force; Ninth Air Force, U.S.; Tactical Air Commands, U.S.; Tactical Air Force, 2nd (British).
command of, 44, 45, 73, 124, 126, 261, 266, 273-75
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378n
Twelfth Air Force units transferred to support of 6th Army Group, 266, 416
Air Forces, British. See Royal Air Force; Tactical Air Force, 2nd (British).
Air Forces, German. See Luftwaffe.
Air Forces, Soviet, 462-63
Air Forces, U.S. See Eighth Air Force, U.S.; Ninth Air Force, U.S.; Twelfth Air Force, U.S.; Fifteenth Air Force, U.S.; U.S. Strategic Air Forces (USSTAF).
Air Ministry, British. See British Air Ministry.
Air offensive. See POINTBLANK; Strategic bombing.
Air Operations Planning Staff, SHAEF, 126
Air Staff, British, 273. See also Portal, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Charles.
Air Staff SHAEF, 62, 65, 275, 277. See also Air Operations Planning Stuff, SHAEF; Robb, Air Marshal James M.
Air superiority, Allied, 61, 105, 131, 137, 169, 178, 193, 203, 246, 448
Air supply, 204, 210, 254, 258, 271, 280, 281, 283, 284n, 286, 335
and Dutch food shortage, 458
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 384
Air Transport Command, 258
Airborne Army. See First Allied Airborne Army.
Airborne Divisions, Allied, 118-19, 120, 122, 182, 369n
airborne assault on D Day, 171-73
for COMET operation, 281
and MARKET operation, 281-82, 284-88
in Normandy, 192-93
and VARSITY operation, 431
Airborne Divisions, British. See British units.
Airborne Divisions, U.S.
82nd, 120-21, 171, 171n, 282, 284-88, 289n, 374, 382, 451n
101st, 120, 171-73, 171n, 282, 284-88, 287n, 374
Airborne doctrine, 120
Airborne planning, 111, 118-22, 204, 209-10, 223, 250-51, 254, 255, 258, 269-72, 279-84, 425, 429
Aircraft, 204, 247, 258, 269, 286
for ANVIL, 223
for French Resistance activities, 155-56
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 384
for OVERLORD assault, 118, 120
troop carrier, 111, 120, 279-81
Air-ground cooperation, 200, 311
ALADDIN. 510n
Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Viscount. See Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan.
Alexander, Field Marshal Sir Harold R. L. G., 27n, 68, 225
and ANVIL, 222
appointed SACMED, 415
and Balkan operations, 406, 406n
directive to, for transfer of forces to northwest Europe, 416
on Italian operations, 219, 415-16
Eisenhower requests, as 21 Army Group commander, 49
and landing craft for Mediterranean operations, 115
proposed as deputy supreme commander, 390-91
at Salerno, 44
surrender of German forces to, 483
Algiers, Algeria, 97, 108, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 152, 234, 237, 240, 241
conference on French troops at, 151
French officers moved to Paris from, 321
Allen, Brig. Gen. Frank A., Jr., 1, 522, 525, 528
Allied Air Bombing Committee, 128
Allied Control Council, 465, 495. See also U.S. Group Control Council.
Eisenhower represents U.S. on, 514
establishment in Berlin, 352, 512
Allied Expeditionary Air Force, 57, 68, 70, 97, 118, 120, 273, 276. See also Leigh-Mallory, Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford.
abolition of, 274-75
Advanced Headquarters at Uxbridge, 126-27
bombing in Normandy, 188-89, 199, 199n
and Combined Signal Committee, 92
and First Allied Airborne Army, 269-72
Leigh-Mallory commands, 48, 73
and Meteorological Committee, SHAEF, 169
and OVERLORD planning, 66, 121, 126-27
and RAF units, 48
and railway bombing plan, 127-34, 134n, 160
Royce appointed Deputy Air Commander-in-Chief, 271n
sorties flown 1 April-5 June 1944, 160
Allied Force Headquarters (AFHQ), 29, 62, 68, 71, 73, 81, 84, 86, 91, 106, 239, 390. See also Alexander, Field Marshal Sir Harold R. L. G.; Mediterranean Theater; North Africa; Wilson, Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland.
air defense organization, 93
and ANVIL planning, 103, 110-11, 223, 266
civil affairs administration, 75, 76, 147
command of ANVIL/DRAGOON forces transferred to SHAEF, 266
contributions to SHAEF organization, 56-58, 59, 60, 64-65, 96
and surrender of German forces in Italy, 475, 475n, 476
Allied Information Service (AIS), 336-37
Allied Land Forces (Norway), 139, 510, 511
Allied Military Government, Italy, 80, 81
Allied Naval Commander-in-Chief, Expeditionary Force (ANCXF). See also Allied Naval Expeditionary Force; Burrough, Admiral Harold M.; Ramsay, Admiral Bertram H.
Burrough named as, 275, 429, 429n
disbandment of German Navy, 500-501
and dissolution of SHAEF, 514
Little named as, 46
and OVERLORD planning, 66, 121
Allied Naval Expeditionary Force, 45, 57, 68, 70, 97, 276.
See also Allied Naval Commander-in-Chief, Expeditionary Force (ANCXF).
and Combined Signal Committee, 92
and D-Day decision, 169
and Meteorological Committee, SHAEF, 169
operational control of U.S. naval forces assumed by, 47
and OVERLORD planning, 107
planning for Rhine River crossings, 429
role of, 275
Belfort Gap operations, 312
clearing of Colmar Pocket, 318, 402-04
German counteroffensive, 395, 397-402, 401n, 425, 26
American Broadcasting Station in Europe (ABSIE), 161, 345
Allied shortage, 268, 295, 305, 306, 415
German shortage, 418-19
ANGXF. See Allied Naval Commander-in-Chief, Expeditionary Force (ANCXF).
Anderson, Lt. Gen. K. A. N., British directive to, 42
Andrews, Lt. Gen. Frank M., 58n
ANFA. See Casablanca Conference.
Antonov, Gen. Alexei, 444, 462
and bomb lines, 463
and German surrender at Reims, 484, 486, 490, 494
and German surrender ceremony at Berlin, 490
and plans for Soviet-Allied link-up, 466, 469
Antwerp, Belgium, 95, 302, 391
clearing of approaches to, 254-56, 256n, 275, 288, 289-90, 292, 294-95, 296-301, 306, 307, 308, 309
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 359, 360, 372
planning for capture, 250-51, 252, 260
V-bomb attack on, 332
ANVIL, 227-30, 259, 323. See also France, southern.
and Anzio campaign, 111-12
divisions for, 110-11, 114, 115, 116, 219, 223, 224
junction of OVERLORD forces with units of, 228-29, 228n, 275
landing craft for, 109, 111-12, 223
objectives of operation, 223
and OVERLORD planning, 109-17, 120, 415
postponement, 112-17
SHAEF assumes control of forces, 229, 266
target date, 116-17, 219, 220-23
versus extension of Italian campaign, 218-26
Anzio Campaign, 111-13, 117, 119, 164
ARCADIA, 39n
Archer, Admiral E. R., 462, 466, 476, 490-91. See also British Military Mission in Moscow.
Archives, German military, 497-99, 500, 501
Ardennes, 244, 250, 252, 253n, 255, 255n, 288, 312, 313, 316, 317, 329, 417
Allied estimate of German capabilities in, 361-72
casualties in German counteroffensive, 396-97, 397n, 402, 526
command shift during German counteroffensive, 378-81, 385-86, 38n, 388-89, 395
German counteroffensive, 304, 317, 318, 323, 325, 332, 333, 337, 346, 359-61, 372-97, 403, 404, 405, 407, 409, 410, 411, 412, 416, 419, 425, 427, 523, 526, 527, 531
Resistance activities, 238
Argenlieu, Admiral George Thierry d’, 47
ARGONAUT. See Yalta Conference.
Armée Secrète, L’, 152
Armies, Allied. See first Airborne Army.
Armies, Belgian. See Belgian Army.
Armies, British. See Second British Army; British units.
Armies, Canadian. See First Canadian Army; Canadian units.
Armies, French. See First French Army; French Army; French units.
Armies, German. See German Army; German units.
Armies, Soviet. See Red Army.
Armies, U.S. See First U.S. Army; Third U. S. Army; Fifth U.S. Army; Seventh U.S. Army: Ninth U.S. Army; Fifteenth U.S. Army.
Armistice with Germany, 257, 326, 475-94
Armored Divisions, U.S.
7th, 387
10th, 374
Armored Divisions, German. See Panzer divisions.
Armored forces, Allied, 98, 150, 182, 247, 258
in battle for Caen, 183, 184, 185, 187n, 189, 190
Third Army advance in Brittany, 205-06
Army Air Forces, U.S. See Air Forces, U.S.; Arnold, General of the Army Henry H.
Army Group, British. See 21 Army Group, British.
Army Groups, U.S. See 1st Army Group; 6th
Army Group, U.S.; 12th Army Group, U.S.
Army of occupation, 355. See also British Army of the Rhine; U.S. Forces of Occupation.
Arnhem, Netherlands, 295, 302, 305, 334, 427, 429, 434, 450, 451, 457
airborne operations, 255, 284-88, 290, 300
planning operations, 255, 255n, 256, 281-84, 297
Arnold, General of the Army Henry H., 315, 415n
on abolition of AEAF, 274
on airborne operations, 119, 269, 279-80, 281
and ANVIL planning, 220
biographical sketch, 1
and command of strategic air forces, 273
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 375
member CCS, 39
Artificial harbors, 173-75
Astier de la Vegerie, Gen. François d’, 153, 239n
ATS, 531
Allied drive into, 441, 452, 454-56, 467, 468
German National Redoubt in, 448, 452, 468
pre-surrender directive for military government for, 347-48
proposal for link-up with Red Army in, 406, 406n
surrender of German forces in, 479, 482-83, 483n
–B–
Baillie-Grohman, Rear Adm. H. T., 501
Balck, General der Panzertruppen Hermann, 1, 230, 304
Balkans, 164, 202, 249, 314, 472, 478
bomb lines in, 462-63
planning for operations in, 219-22, 225, 406, 406n, 414-16, 414n, 444-45
surrender of German forces in, 483
Barker, Maj. Gen. Ray W. See also G-1 Division, SHAEF.
biographical sketch, 1-2
chief G-1 Division, SHAEF, 60, 73
and civil affairs agreement with France, 142
on collapse of Germany, 105
on command of ground forces in OVERLORD assault, 44
Deputy Chief of Staff, COSSAC, 58-59, 73
and manpower crisis, 392
and personnel for SHAEF, 530
and unconditional surrender formula, 340
Bastogne, Belgium, 359, 360, 372, 374, 374n, 378, 381, 383, 384, 385, 387, 395
BCRA. See Bureau Central de Renseignements et d’ Action (Militaire) (BCRA)
BCRAA. See Bureau Central de Renseignements et d’ Action (Militaire) (BCRA)
BCRAL. See Bureau Central de Renseignements et d’ Action (Militaire) (BCRA)
Becher, Brigadier R. F. R., 73
Belgian Independent Company, 155
Belgian Ministry of National Defense, 330, 331
Belgium, 154, 161, 177, 195, 279, 282, 283, 288, 299, 302, 314, 319, 336, 523
and Allied manpower crisis, 391
Allied pursuit through, 244, 249, 250-51
civil affairs, 79, 80, 83, 138, 139, 328-34, 348, 350.
See also SHAEF Mission (Belgium).
civil affairs agreement with, 139-40, 234, 235, 320
German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 359-61, 372-85, 406
prediction of date for reaching, 257
release of King Leopold, 481, 483
Resistance forces, 238, 329-32
V-bomb attacks on, 332
Bendetsen, Col. Karl R., 80. 81
BENEFICIARY, 197n
Benes, Eduard, 507
Berlin, Germany, 164, 176, 193, 359, 447, 449, 450, 459, 463, 464, 524
Allied Control Council in, 352, 495, 512, 514
Allied garrison for, 514
German defense, 469-74
German evacuation, 470-71
as military objective, 434, 441-47, 445n, 452, 469
occupation, 349, 351, 445n, 467
planning for advance to, 249, 253-54, 255n, 290-91, 293-94, 298, 413, 434
Red Army advance to, 418, 434, 446, 470-71, 471-74, 481
Soviet headquarters in, 497
surrender ceremony at, 486, 490-94, 509
Berlin District, 436n
Bernadotte, Count Folke, 476-77
Bernhard, Prince, 458
Béthouart, Gen. Emile, 235
Betts, Brig. Gen. Thomas J., 60n, 71, 73, 376n, 406
Biddle, Col. Anthony J. Drexel, Jr., 138, 504
BIGOT, 162
Blaskowitz, Generaloberst Johannes, 178-79, 179n, 248n, 302, 429
biographical sketch, 2
commands Army Group H, 419n
and operations in southern France, 227, 229
replaced as commander Army Group G, 304, 419n
surrender of German forces in Netherlands, 503
Bocage country, 173, 183, 187, 192, 197
BODYLINE. See CROSSBOW.
Boehme, General der Gebirgstruppen Franz, 510, 510n
Boehnke, Col. Emil C., 92
BOLERO, 100-101
Bolté, Brig. Gen. Charles L., 141n
Bombardment Division, 9th (U.S.), 384n
Bomber Command, VIII (U.S.), 99
Bomber Command, British. See Royal Air Force Bomber Command.
Bormann, Martin, 213n, 471-72, 471n, 474, 474n
Bornholm, 509
Bosville, Brigadier, T. J. N., 73
Bosy, Gen. Stanislav, 504
Bottomley, Air Marshall Sir Norman H., 272, 309
Boundaries, inter- army. See Zones of action, Allied.
Boundary, Soviet-Allied, 454, 457, 465-69, 504-05, 506, 511
Bracken, Brendan, 89, 388, 527
BRADDOCK II, 346
Bradley, Gen. Omar N., 41, 71, 190, 244, 289, 292, 293, 293n, 314, 387, 456, 525. See also 12th Army Group, U.S.
and airborne planning, 209, 280, 282n
and battle for Caen, 183-84, 186, 188
biographical sketch, 2
and British drive on Lübeck, 451
and broad front strategy, 250-55, 253n, 291-92, 294-95, 296, 312, 409, 410-12, 433, 435-36
on capture of Berlin, 455, 445n, 452
and COBRA operation, 188n, 197-201, 203
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378-81, 386, 386n, 388-89, 391, 295-409, 443
at commanders’ conferences, 310, 316, 422
commands First U.S. Army, 49
commands 1st U.S. Army Group, 49, 261n
commands 12th Army Group, 204, 261-65
and Czech Brigade’s movement to Prague, 506
and D-Day operations, 166, 173
drive to the Rhine, 311, 417-18, 418n, 422-25, 432
drive on Roer and Urft dams, 317, 420
Eisenhower praises, 435
estimate of German capabilities in the Ardennes, 361, 362, 365, 365n, 370n, 371-72
and Falaise Gap operations, 208-10, 214, 217
and German counterattack at Mortain, 208
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 371-84, 376n, 380n, 383n, 395
on landing U.S. forces in Cotentin, 118, 120
and liberation of Paris, 240n, 241, 242, 258
main offensive east of Rhine assigned to, 436, 446, 446n
and military government for Germany, 356
and Montgomery’s press conference after Ardennes fighting, 387-88, 435
Montgomery’s relationship with, 198, 214n, 217, 261-64, 295-96, 312, 383, 387-88, 395, 435
promotion recommended by Eisenhower, 379
on reduction of Brest, 259
and Remagen bridge capture, 424
and Ruhr envelopment, 291, 440
and Soviet-Allied boundary, 454
and Third Army operations, 214, 214n, 255, 303, 454
visits troops before D Day, 158
BRAL. See Bureau Central de Renseignements et d’Action (Militaire) (BCRA).
Brandenberger, General der Panzertruppen Erich, 482, 483
Breakout. See Normandy, breakout.
Brereton, Lt. Gen. Lewis H. See also First Allied Airborne Army.
on Advanced Headquarters, AEAF, 126
on airborne operations, 209-10
and airborne planning, 280-81, 282n, 429
biographical sketch, 2-3
commands First Allied Airborne Army, 271, 279
commands Ninth Air Force, 48
and Germany counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 369n
and MARKET operation, 282n, 287
and COCKADE planning, 105-06
and OVERLORD planning, 109
Briggs, Brigadier R., 93
British Admiralty, 85n, 93, 152, 169, 514
British Air Ministry—Continued
and dissolution of SHAEF, 514
and Meteorological Committee, SHAEF, 169
and reassignment of Leigh-Mallory, 274
and strategic bombing priorities, 309
British Air Staff, 273. See also Portal, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Charles.
British Airborne Corps. See British units.
British Airborne Troops Command, 271-72
British Army. See British units.
British Army of the Rhine, 514. See also 21 Army Group, British.
British Bomber Command. See Royal Air Force Bomber Command.
British Broadcasting Corporation, 84, 157, 345, 523, 524, 526, 527
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 388, 388n
and propaganda before D Day, 161
British Chiefs of Staff, 24n, 37, 57, 62, 63, 289, 292, 468. See also Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan; Cunningham, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew B., Portal, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Charles.
and Air Defense of Great Britain, 48n, 124
and ANVIL controversy, 109-17, 218-19, 221-22, 224, 225-26
and Balkan operations, 219, 221-22, 414
on capture of Berlin, 441-42, 444, 446
and censorship of communications, 147
and civil affairs, 75, 76, 77, 79, 138
and command of air forces in OVERLORD, 44-45, 48, 124-25
and command organization for OVERLORD, 43-44
and directive to Supreme Commander, 49-52, 52n
and drive to Lübeck, 451
and drive to the Rhine, 310
and Dutch food shortage, 335
final briefing before D Day, 166
and French Resistance, 153
and London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare, 85
at Malta Conference, 413
membership of 39
and military for Germany, 346, 354, 355, 357
and planning for cross-Channel attack, 98-100, 101, 103. 109-17
and planning to end war with Germany in 1944, 307-08
and plans for Soviet-Allied link-up, 465, 467-68
and press and propaganda organization of SHAEF, 86
and proposal to bomb Vlissingen, Netherlands, 334
and railway bombing plan, 128
relationship with Churchill, 37
release of OVERLORD information to French, 148
and reports from battle commanders, 37
and security of OVERLORD plan, 89
on single ground force commander, 387, 389-90
on single trust versus broad front strategy, 409-11, 413-14
and unconditional surrender formula, 343
British Chiefs of Staff Committee. See British Chiefs of Staff.
British Combined Commanders. See Combined Commanders, British.
British Combined Operations Headquarters. See Combined Operations Headquarters.
British Control Commission Military Section, 346, 351-52, 353, 354
British Defence Committee, 131
British Foreign Office, 78, 84, 85, 85n
and censorship of foreign communications, 163
and governments-in-exile, 138, 231, 233, 334
and London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare, 85
and military government for Germany, 347, 354
and political officers for SHAEF, 95
and SHAEF press relations, 521
British Home Forces, 72, 98, 99, 102, 529
British Home Office, 162
British House of Commons, 332, 341, 389, 498
British Imperial General Staff, Chief of. See Brooke, Field Marshall Sir Allan.
British Joint Planning Staff, 99
on ANVIL plan, 110
on ending war with Germany in 1944, 307-08
British Joint Staff Mission, 37-39
and CCS meetings, 39
British Military Mission in Moscow. See also Archer, Admiral E. R.
and Allied plans for drive to Leipzig, 441
and German surrender, 486, 490
liaison with USSR, 462
and plans for Soviet-Allied link-up, 466
British Minister of Defence. See Churchill, Winston S.
British Ministry of Economic Warfare, 152, 155
British Ministry of Information, 85n, 89, 527
British Naval Commander-in-Chief, Germany, 501
British Navy. See Royal Navy.
British Operations Research Group, 208n
British Political Intelligence Department, Foreign Office, 84
British Post Hostilities Planning Sub-Committee, 346
British Secretary of State for Air, 131, 274
British Secretary of State of War, 131, 232
British Southern Command, 502
British units
Army, First, 42
Army, Second. See Second British Army.
Army Group, 21. See 21 Army Group, British.
Corps, 1, 173, 185, 186, 201, 300
Corps, 8, 181, 186, 189, 282, 294
Corps, 30, 173, 282, 284, 288, 377, 389, 396, 397n
Corps, Airborne, 271, 282, 283, 286
Division, 1st Airborne, 283, 286, 287, 288
Division, 6th Airborne, 120, 171
Division, 50th, 282
Division, 51st, 383
Division, 52nd (Lowland), 138, 282
Division, Guards Armored, 282, 286, 287
Signals, 5
Headquarters, 97
British War Cabinet, 37, 104, 118, 166, 233
and ban on entry to coastal areas of England, 163
and censorship of foreign communications, 163
and railway bombing plan, 127, 128, 131, 132
and unconditional surrender formula, 341, 343
British War Establishments, 529, 530
British War Office, 42, 71, 73, 78n, 85n, 91, 272, 275
and ban on entry to coastal areas of England, 162
and dissolution of SHAEF, 514
and equipment for Belgian units, 330
French military liaison with, 138
and French Resistance, 152
and invasion currency, 232
and Medical Division, SHAEF, 93
and Netherlands Government-in-exile, 334
and personnel for SHAEF, 530, 531
and railway bombing plan, 129
and SHAEF press relations, 520
Brittany, 98, 109, 179, 185, 187n, 191, 193, 196, 197, 208, 209, 224, 225
clearing of ports, 251, 252, 254, 257, 259, 303
French Resistance activities, 236, 237-38, 328
psychological warfare teams in, 344
Simpson commands forces in, 265, 303
Third U.S. Army advance into, 198, 204-07, 211, 244
Broad front policy. See Strategy, Allied
Broadcast. See American Broadcasting Station in Europe (ABSIE); British Broadcasting Corporation; Radio Luxembourg; Voice of SHAEF.
Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Allan, 28n, 39, 41, 60, 64, 289. See also British Chiefs of Staff.
biographical sketch, 3
and BOLERO plan, 100
Churchill promises supreme command to, 24
and defense of Strasbourg, 401
and deputy supreme commander, 390
on extension of Italian campaign, 219
on port of Antwerp, 297
and railway bombing plan, 128, 130
on single thrust versus broad front strategy, 256n, 410, 433, 433n
and transfer of divisions from Italy to northwest Europe, 416
and 21 Army Group commander, 49
visits Rhine bridgehead, 431
and zones of occupation, 464
Brooks, Lt. Gen. Edward H., 482
Brown, Brig. Gen. Robert Q., 97n, 264, 529n
Browning, Lt. Gen. F. A. M., 154, 271, 280-81, 282, 288
Brownjohn, Maj. Gen. N. C. D., 73
Brussels, Belgium, 251, 252, 284, 314, 330, 331, 486
Belgium Government re-established at, 328
commanders’ conference at, 255, 256, 310
Eisenhower’s speech before Parliament at, 330
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 359, 360, 372
SHAEF meeting on Dutch food shortage at, 457
SHAEF mission to Netherlands established at, 334, 334n
Bulge, Battle of. See Ardennes, German counteroffensive in.
Bull, Maj. Gen. Harold R.
See also G-3 Division, SHAEF.
biographical sketch, 3
chief of G-3 Division, SHAEF, 68-71
conference with Stalin in Moscow, 406
and German surrender, 486, 491
at Malta Conference, 413
and Remagen bridge capture, 424
and SHAEF strategy for defeat of Germany, 253n, 413
and single ground force commander, 390
Bureau Central de Renseignements et d’Action (Militaire) (BCRA), 152, 152n, 153
Burrough, Admiral Harold M.
biographical sketch, 3
commands Allied Naval Expeditionary Force, 275, 429, 429n
disbandment of German Navy, 496, 500-501, 501n
and German surrender 488, 491, 492, 492n
Burrows, Lt. Gen. M. B., 3, 462
Busch, Generalfeldmarschall Ernst, 4, 479, 480, 498
Butcher, Capt, Harry C., 25n, 27n, 31n, 350n, 492n
–C–
Cadran, 337
Caen, France, 106, 108, 111, 118, 120, 173, 180, 181 82, 192, 194, 196, 201, 204, 207, 208, 209, 244, 442
bombing of, 185, 185n, 187-89, 190, 199n
and ANVIL planning, 105, 111, 112
and OVERLORD planning, 105
and strategic air forces in Europe and Mediterranean, 32, 48
and supreme commander for OVERLORD, 28-32, 32n, 105
and zones of occupation, 349
Cameron, Maj. Gen. A. M., 4, 93
Canadian units
Army, First, 503
Corps, 2nd, 200, 201, 215, 216, 300n
Division, 4th Armored, 193n, 215
Carter, Col, W. S. J., 95
Casablanca Conference, 23n, 39
and French rearmament, 150
and HUSKY operation, 103
and OVERLORD planning, 103
and supreme commander for OVERLORD, 23, 58, 103
and unconditional surrender formula, 339
in battle for St. Lô, 192
British, 192, 248n, 287n, 301n, 389, 396-97, 397n, 423, 431, 544
Canadian, 192, 200, 248n, 301n, 423, 544
in clearing Schedule estuary, 301
in COBRA operation, 199
D-Day, 171, 171n, 173, 175, 181
and drive to Berlin, 445
German, 194, 247, 303, 306, 312, 396-97, 422, 427, 508
in German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 396, 397, 397n, 402, 526
in invasion of southern France, 228
in Italian campaign, 115
in MARKET-GARDEN operation, 287, 287n
in OVERLORD rehearsal, 166
and railway bombing plan, 128, 131, 132
release of statistics to press, 526
in Rhine crossing at Oppenheim, 426
United States, 171n, 182, 192, 228, 248n, 287n, 301n, 303, 317, 389, 396-97, 397n, 422, 431, 454, 526, 543
from V-bomb attacks, 252, 252n, 332
CATOR, 271
Censorship, 90-91, 519, 521-22, 523-24, 525, 526
and civil affairs agreement for France, 320
of foreign communications before D Day, 147, 162, 63
of German broadcasts from Flensburg, 498
and German surrender at Reims, 493, 527-28
Central Europe Campaign, 434-40, 447-56
Central Group of Armies, 265, 452. See also 12th Army Group.
Chambers, Brig. Gen. William E., 108
Chaney, Maj. Gen. James E., 99
Cherbourg, France, 93, 106, 109, 118, 120, 173, 180, 202, 222, 223, 242, 256, 257, 322, 336, 337
capture, 181-82, 183, 184, 185, 186, 193
and rocket launching sites, 134-35
Chevallerie, General der Infanterie Kurt von der, 179n, 248
Chevigne, Col. Pierre de, 234
Chief Administrative Officer, SHAEF, 57, 64. See also Gale, Lt. Gen. Sir Humfrey M.
Chief of the Air Staff, British. See Portal, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Charles.
Chief of the Imperial General Staff. See Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan.
Chief Meteorological Officer, SHAEF, 169
Chief of Staff, SHAEF, 57, 62-63, 326, 486. See also Smith, Lt. Gen. Walter Bedell.
Chief of Staff, U.S. Army. See Marshall, General of the Army George C.
Chief of Staff (Air), SHAEF, 275. See also Robb, Air Marshal James M.
Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC), 39, 63, 68, 72, 96. See also Morgan, Lt. Gen. Sir Frederick E.
and air problems, 123
and BIGOT procedure, 162
and civil affairs, 75, 76, 79-81, 82, 138, 142, 347, 348-49
and command of ground forces in OVERLORD assault, 43-45, 49
contribution to SHAEF organization, 56, 58-60
and CROSSBOW, 134-35
and directive to AEAF, 45
and directive to Supreme Commander, 52
and French Resistance, 153
and G-1 and G-4 Divisions of SHAEF, 73
and planning for cross-Channel attack, 58, 66, 103-06, 107-09, 111, 122, 196
and planning for diversionary attacks, 105-06
and political officers, 95
and press and propaganda organization, 86
and RANKIN planning, 104-05, 106
and security of OVERLORD plan, 162
Chiefs of Staff Committee. See British Chiefs of Staff.
Choltitz, Generalleutnant Dietrich von, 213, 240, 241
Churchill, Winston S., 33, 39, 39n, 62, 521
on airborne divisions for OVERLORD assault, 118
on Allied failure to reach Rhine, 314
and ANVIL planning, 111-13, 115, 116-17, 218, 21. 22, 224-27, 228, 415
and Balkan operations, 221-22, 406n, 414-15, 414n
and ban on entry to coastal areas of England, 162
and British drive to Lübeck, 443, 451
on capture of Berlin, 442-44
on capture of Prague, 504
and civil affairs agreement with France, 144, 146, 147-48, 233
and command of armed forces, 36-37, 41, 42
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378, 381, 387, 389
and commander, Allied Naval Expeditionary Force, 46
and defense of Strasbourg, 400-401, 401n
and de Gaulle’s message to French of D Day, 149
and Dutch food shortage, 334, 457
Eisenhower’s relationship with, 41, 218, 222, 225, 27, 228, 381, 387, 389, 401n, 442-44
and final briefing before D Day, 166
and French Committee of National Liberation, 141, 233-34
and German surrender, 477, 485, 491, 493-94, 494n
at international conferences with CCS, 29, 39, 102
and invasion currency, 233
and manpower crisis, 381, 391-92
on Montgomery’s promotion to field marshal, 253n
on OVERLORD at Cairo Conference, 29
and planning for cross-Channel attack, 98, 100, 103
and psychological warfare, 84
and railway bombing plan, 127, 131-32
and release of OVERLORD information to French, 149
and reports from battle commanders, 36-37
and security of OVERLORD plan, 89
and SHAEF Mission (Belgium), 332
and single ground force commander, 390-91
Smith’s relationship with, 41, 63
on Soviet operations on Eastern Front, 247
and strategic air forces for OVERLORD, 124
on strengthening OVERLORD assault, 108, 109, 110
on supreme commander for OVERLORD, 23-24, 28, 28n, 29, 30-31, 32n, 33
and 21 Army Group commander, 49
and unconditional surrender formula, 340-43
and V-bomb damage in United Kingdom, 252n
visits Moscow, 406
visits Rhine bridgehead, 431
visits Versailles, 400-401, 401n
and zones of occupation, 139, 350, 351, 469
Civil affairs, 260, 338. See also individual countries.
agreements with governments-in-exile, 78-79, 138, 139-40, 142-50, 234, 235, 319-20, 325, 326, 513
CCAC pre-surrender directive on Germany, 347-48, 353, 355, 357-58
invasion currency, 231-33, 235, 320
liaison missions with SHAEF, 138-39, 321, 515.
See also French Military Mission.
and military government, 75-76
military government for Germany, 83, 96, 260, 345, 346-58, 459, 461, 498, 511-15
and OVERLORD directive, 55
political officers for SHAEF, 95-96
SHAEF handbooks on, 81, 82n, 82-83, 347, 353, 354-56
SHAEF interim directive for military government of Germany, 356
SHAEF missions to liberated countries, 139, 320-21, 508-11, 513, 514, 530, 532.
See also SHAEF Mission (Belgium); SHAEF Mission (Denmark); SHAEF Mission (France); SHAEF Mission (Luxembourg); SHAEF Mission (Netherlands); SHAEF Mission (Norway).
21 Army Group responsibility for, 82-83, 138, 139, 150, 231, 233, 356
unconditional surrender formula. See Unconditional surrender formula.
in World War I, 75-76
zones of occupation. See Zones of occupation.
Civil Affairs Branch, COSSAC, 80, 81
Civil Affairs Division, SHAEF. See G-5 Division, SHAEF.
Civil Affairs Division, War Department, 78, 81, 85, 485n. See also Hilldring, Maj. Gen. John H.
and civil affairs agreement with France, 144-45
and military government for Germany, 346, 353-54
and unconditional surrender formula, 340
and zones of occupation, 464
Civil Affairs Section, ETOUSA, 80
Clark, Brig. Gen. E. K., 74n
Clark, Maj. Gen. John G. W., 334n
Clark, Lt. Gen. Lucius D., 81, 495
COBRA, 187-88, 188n, 197, 197n, 199-201, 203
Collège Moderne et Technique de Garçons, Ecole Supérieur de Commerce, 419
Collins, Lt. Gen. J. Lawton. See also Corps, U.S., VII.
biographical sketch, 4
on COBRA operation, 199
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 380, 383, 395
clearing of pocket, 318, 369, 402-04, 412
and German counteroffensive in Alsace, 397
Cologne, Germany, 254, 259, 286, 305, 310, 423, 430
in broad for strategy, 291, 294, 295, 313, 410
capture, 423
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 359, 360, 364, 366, 367, 367n, 369, 372, 376
COMAC. See French Military Resistance Committee.
Combined Administrative Liquidating Agency (CALA), 515
Combined Air Transport Operations Room (CATOR), 271
Combined Airborne Headquarters. See First Allied Airborne Army.
Combined Bomber Offensive. See POINTBLANK.
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 25, 27, 28, 28n, 30, 31, 31n, 35, 62, 73, 107, 121, 139, 191, 289, 301, 386, 424, 532. See also British Chiefs of Staff; Joint Chiefs of Staff. and ANVIL planning, 105, 111-12, 115, 117, 218, 219-22, 226
and Balkan operations, 406, 406n, 414-16
and Belgian food shortage, 333
and bomb lines, 463
on capture of Prague, 468-69, 504-05
and CCAC, pre-surrender directive on Germany, 347, 355
and channels of communication with USSR, 444, 445n, 462
and civil affairs agreements, 78-79, 144, 147, 232, 319
and command of French forces, 151
and command of ground forces in OVERLORD assault, 44
and command of European operations, 36-41
and commander, AEAF, 48
and commander, Allied Naval Expeditionary Force, 46
conferences of, 23, 23n, 30-31, 31n, 39, 39n, 58, 102-03, 104, 105, 256, 272-73, 413-16, 436n
on de Gaulle’s visit to Paris, 241
directive to SACMED for transfer of forces to northwest Europe, 416
and directive to commander, AEAF, 45
directive to Supreme Commander, 49-55, 468
and dissolution of SHAEF, 349, 511, 514
and French rearmament, 324, 324n, 392, 460
and German surrender, 476, 476n, 480, 482, 484, 493
and HUSKY operation, 103
and liberation of Paris, 239
meeting in London, 11 June 1944, 219
and military government for Germany, 352, 353-58
and OVERLORD planning, 100, 103, 105, 111-12
and planning to end war with Germany in 1944, 307-08, 309
and planning for Soviet-Allied link-up, 406, 466, 467
and POINTBLANK, 48-49, 48n, 104, 125
and press and propaganda organization for SHAEF, 86
and psychological warfare, 85, 87
and RANKIN planning, 104
and release of OVERLORD information to French, 148
and SHAEF’s strategy for defeat of Germany, 256, 409, 410, 413-16, 436, 436n, 441-43
and 6th Army Group, 266
and Soviet conference with SHAEF representatives, 405, 406
and strategic air forces, 32, 45, 123, 124-25, 131, 272-73
and Stuttgart incident, 460
and supreme commander for OVERLORD, 23-31, 32n, 105
and surrender of German forces in Norway, 510
and target date for OVERLORD, 167, 170
and unconditional surrender formula, 343
and Vlissingen bombing proposal, 334
Wavell appointed supreme commander of ABDA by, 41
and zones of occupation, 349-51, 464-65
Combined Civil Affairs Committee (CCAC), 339
and Belgian food shortage, 333
and civil affairs agreement with Norway, 78
and Combined Chiefs of Staff, 77, 80
establishment of, 77-78
and military government for Germany, 354-57
pre-surrender directive on Germany, 347-48, 354-58
Combined Civil Affairs Committee (London), 78, 352, 354
Combined Commanders, British, 99, 99n, 100, 101, 109, 196
Combined Control Center, 127
Combined Intelligence Committee, 245
Combined Operations Headquarters, 98, 99
Combined Operations Room, 127
Combined Reconnaissance Center, 127
Combined Signal Committee, 92
COMET, 281
Command
of air forces in OVERLORD assault, 44-45, 48
of air forces, reorganization, 261, 269-75
of ANVIL/DRAGOON operations, 223, 227, 229, 265-66
British system, 24, 36-37, 42-43, 72, 73
Eisenhower assumes direct control on Continent, 261-65
of French forces, 150-52, 227, 229, 318
of French Resistance forces, 152-57, 223, 236-37, 328
German system, 175-80
of ground forces on Continent, 180-83, 198, 203-04, 229, 261-68
of ground forces in OVERLORD assault, 43-45, 49, 52, 109, 180, 198
of naval forces in OVERLORD, 46-47.
See also Allied Naval Commander-in-Chief, Expeditionary Force (ANCXF).
Ninth Army returned to 12th Army Group, 439
organization of integrated Allied, at SHAEF, 56-65
relationship between 21 Army Group and First U.S. Army, 294, 295-96
relationship between 21 Army Group and 12th Army Group, 203-04, 261-65, 294-96, 297-98, 312-13, 316, 378-81, 385-86, 387-89, 395, 409, 434, 436, 439, 443
SHAEF assumes control of ANVIL/DRAGOON forces, 229, 266
shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378-81, 385-86, 388-89, 395, 409, 434, 436, 443
single ground force commander proposed, 385-86, 413
of strategic air forces, 32, 44-45, 52, 123-27, 272-74
Command posts. See Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, Advance command posts.
facilities for OVERLORD assault, 44, 92, 519
facilities for SHAEF at Bushy Park, 97
facilities for SHAEF on Continent, 264-65, 276-78, 523
Communications—Continued
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 372
in MARKET-GARDEN operations, 288
Communications Zone, Headquarters, 64, 258, 303, 524, 532. See also Lee, Lt. Gen. John C. H.
and extension of French zone of interior, 326
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 382
Lee commands, 74
and manpower crisis, 392-93
move to Paris, 322-23
relationship with SHAEF and ETOUSA, 74, 267-68
and signal communications, 92
Somervell’s inspection of supply system of, 393
Conferences, Allied. See Cairo Conference; Casablanca Conference; Malta Conference; Potsdam Conference; Quebec Conference (August 1943); Quebec Conference (September 1944); Tehran Conference; Washington Conference; Yalta Conference.
Conferences, SHAEF morning, 62, 63, 400, 400n
Coningham, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur. See also Tactical Air Force, 2nd (British).
biographical sketch, 4
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378n
commands Advanced Headquarters, AEAF, 126
and D-Day decision, 170n
and supply planning, 257n
Conseil National de la Résistance, 143, 152
Control Commission Military Section, British. See British Control Commission Military Section.
Cooke, Rear Adm. Charles M. Jr., 113
Corps, U.S.
V, 99, 171-73, 171n, 215, 241, 267, 311, 371, 374n, 382, 506n. See also Gerow, Lt. Gen. Leonard T.
VII, 171-73, 171n, 182, 197, 199, 364, 382. See also Collins, Lt. Gen. J. Lawton.
VIII, 303, 365, 368, 369, 370-71, 370n, 374, 376, 377
XV, 211, 213. See also Haislip, Maj. Gen. Wade H.
XVIII (Airborne), 210, 271, 374, 451
XX, 395
Correspondence procedures at SHAEF, 63, 65, 91
COSSAC. See Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC).
Cotentin peninsula, 171, 180, 181, 182, 184, 187, 196, 197, 198, 205, 206, 207, 208, 261, 264
and COCKADE, 106
in OVERLORD planning, 106, 109, 111, 118, 120, 122
Counterattack, definition, 359n
Counteroffensive, definition, 359n
Crawford, Maj. Gen. Robert W., 4-5, 73, 267-68. See also G-4 Division, SHAEF.
Creasy, Rear Adm. George E., 5, 169, 170n. See also Allied Naval Expeditionary Force.
Crerar, Gen. Henry D. G., 300, 301n. See also First Canadian Army.
biographical sketch, 5
commands First Canadian Army, 49, 58, 200
drive to the Elbe, 450
drive to the Rhine, 421, 422-23, 430
and Normandy operations, 206, 208, 216
CRICKET. See Malta Conference.
Crossman, R. H. S., 87
Cunningham, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew B., 28n, 29n
biographical sketch, 5
member British Chiefs of Staff Committee, 39
member British Joint Staff Mission, 39n
Currency, invasion
for Germany, 260n
Czech Independent Armored Brigade Group, 503, 506-07
Czechoslovak Military Mission, 505
Czechoslovakia
Allied drive into, 441, 454, 468
Czech brigade moved to, 506-07
government-in-exile, 138, 139, 504, 506, 507
and Soviet-Allied boundary, 469
surrender of German forces in, 479, 486, 502, 503-08
21 Army Group liaison with units of, 138, 503
withdrawal of Allied troops, 507-08
–D–
Danube River, 433, 436, 454, 456, 467
Darlan, Admiral Jean François, 35, 77, 141
Davis, Brig. Gen. Thomas J., 57, 90
biographical sketch, 5
heads Adjutant General’s Division, SHAEF, 91, 522
heads Public Relations Division, SHAEF, 84, 91
Deane, Maj. Gen. John R., 406n, 462, 466. See also Military Mission to Moscow, U.S.
biographical sketch, 5-6
and bomb lines, 463
and German surrender, 476, 490, 491, 492n, 493n
De Gaulle, Gen. Charles. See Gaulle, Gen. Charles de.
De Guingand, Maj. Gen. Francis, 71, 169, 385n
and airfields southeast of Caen, 183
and airborne planning, 280
biographical sketch, 6
at commanders’ conference at Versailles, 294
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 369
and German surrender at Reims, 486
on Montgomery’s press conference after Ardennes fighting, 387-88
negotiations with Seyss-Inquart, 458
and planning for Rhineland offensive, 385n
and single ground force commander, 386-87
on supply for drive to open approaches to Antwerp, 254
and supply planning, 257-58
Dempsey, Gen. Miles C., 198. See also Second British Army.
biographical sketch, 6
commands Second British Army, 49
drive to the Elbe, 450
and Normandy operations, 189, 190, 201, 206, 216, 217
and Rhine River crossings, 430
Denmark, 154, 446, 447, 450, 468, 473
civil affairs, 83, 139, 140, 348
prisoners of war, 476
and propaganda broadcasts, 161, 336
Resistance forces, 509
SHAEF mission to, 139, 508-09.
See also SHAEF Mission (Denmark).
surrender of German forces in, 476-77, 479, 480-81, 502, 508-09, 510
Deputy Chief of Staff, SHAEF, 60-65
Deputy Chief of Staff (Air), SHAEF, 65, 131, 275. See also Robb, Air Marshal James M.
Deputy Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, 27, 57. See also Tedder, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur W.
ground force officer proposed as, 389-91
selection of, 60-82
Dessloch, Generaloberst Otto, 499, 500
Devers, Gen. Jacob L., 48, 59, 142n, 289, 314, 391, 416, 526. See also 6th Army Group, U.S.
biographical sketch, 6
and civil affairs agreement with Norway, 78
and clearing of Colmar Pocket, 369
on command of ground forces in OVERLORD assault, 43, 49.
commands 6th Army Group, 229, 266
drive into Austria, 454-56
drive to the Rhine, 310, 425, 426-27, 432
and French creasing of the Rhine, 432
and German counteroffensive in Alsace, 397, 398, 401
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 376-77
and Giraud, 146
proposal for Red Army link-up with forces of, 406, 406n, 436
and Stuttgart incident, 454, 459
surrender of German forces to, 482-83, 500
Dewing, Maj. Gen. Richard H., 6, 39n, 508-09
DeWitt, Lt. Gen. John L., 199, 261n
Dickson, Col. Benjamin A., 245, 364, 366-69, 367n, 370, 370n
Dill, Field Marshal Sir John
biographical sketch, 6
Marshall’s relationship with, 39
member of CCS, 39
and planning for cross-Channel attack, 98
Displaced persons. See Refugees.
Divisions, U.S. See Airborne Divisions, U.S.; Armored
Divisions, U.S.; Infantry Divisions, U.S.
Documents Section, Combined Administrative Liquidating Agency, 515
Dody, Maj. Gen. André, 382
Dönitz, Grossadmiral Karl, 176, 527
address to German people, 8 May 1945, 497
arrest, 499
biographical sketch, 7
and disarmament of German Navy, 501
and evacuation of German troops from Berlin area by water, 473
headquarters moved to Flensburg, 479
headquarters moved to Ploen, 471
post-surrender government, 496-99
succeeds Hitler, 457, 470-74, 470n, 474n
and surrender of German forces in Czechoslovakia, 505-06, 506n
surrender negotiations, 478-80, 481, 482, 483, 484, 486-87, 490
Dollmann, Generaloberst Friedrich, 179n, 248
Doolittle, Lt. Gen. James H., 7, 316
DRAGOON, 224-26, 224n, 227-30, 265-66. See also ANVIL.
Dunn, Brig. Gen. Beverly C., 7, 93
Dupuy, Col. R. Ernest, 519-20, 522n, 525
–E–
Eaker, Maj. Gen. Ira C., 48n, 99, 462-63
Eastern Front, 99, 100, 176, 182, 202, 230, 306, 433, 463, 472, 480, 484, 486, 490, 499, 505.
See also Red Army.
German casualties, 247
German troops transferred to, 396, 419n, 471
Soviet winter offensive, 396, 405-07, 411, 412, 416, 418
and timing of OVERLORD, 53, 111
Eberbach, General der Panzertruppen Heinrich, 194, 207, 211, 211n, 212, 215, 248
Ecole Pratique de Commerce el d’Industrie, 419n
Ecole Professionelle et Technique de Garçons, 419n, 487
Economic and Relief Guide for Germany, 348
Edelsheim, General der Panzertruppen Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von, 481
Edwards, Maj. Gen. J. K., 334, 334n
Eighth Air Force, U.S., 58, 97
bombing of Düren, Germany, 311n
and COBRA operation, 199
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 384n
and POINTBLANK, 104
and propaganda leaflets, 161, 161n
and railway bombing plan, 134, 134n
and strategic bombing priorities, 308-09, 316
and TORCH, 101
USSTAF responsibility for, 48
VIII Corps, U.S. See Corps, U.S.
Eisenhower, General of the Army Dwight D. See also Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force.
on abolition of AEAF, 274
advance command posts, 97, 171, 173, 181, 198, 275-78, 419-20
on air support of ground troops, 123
on airborne divisions for OVERLORD assault, 118, 119-20, 121, 269
and airborne planning, 210, 279, 281-82
on ANVIL operation, 110-11, 112, 113, 115, 116, 218-23, 225-26, 228
appointed supreme commander OVERLORD, 23, 32
appointed U.S. representative on Allied Control Council, 514
assigns main offensive east of Rhine to 12th Army Group, 436, 446
assumes command of ANVIL/DRAGOON forces, 229
assumes command of SHAEF, 49
assumes direct command on Continent, 264-65
and Belgian food shortage, 333
and Belgian Resistance forces, 329
biographical sketch, 7-8, 33-34
and boundary for Soviet-Allied link-up, 466-69, 504
and British battle reports to Churchill, 37
and British drive to Lübeck, 443, 451
British influence on, 34, 41, 113, 113n, 390
broad front strategy, 249-56, 288-98, 310, 312-17, 389, 407-14, 433, 434-36, 436n, 441-42
and capture of Berlin, 441-47, 445n, 452
and capture of Prague, 468-69, 503-05
CCAC pre-surrender directive on Germany to, 347-48, 353, 354, 355, 357-58
and channels of communication with USSR, 444, 444n, 465-66
Churchill’s relationship with, 41, 218, 222, 225-27, 228, 381, 387, 401, 401n, 442-44
on civil affairs, 83-84
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378, 381, 386, 386n, 388-89, 409, 434, 436
commands ETOUSA, 34, 73, 74, 101, 267, 495
commands U.S. Forces of Occupation in Germany, 495, 514
commands USFET, 514
and Communications Zone headquarters move to Paris, 322-23
conferences with commanders, 252-53, 255, 256, 294-95, 296, 310, 316, 376, 385, 422, 426
conference with Marshall at Marseille, 413
conferences in Washington, January 1944, 33, 107, 144
and D-Day decision, 166-70
and D-Day operations, 171-73
and defense of Strasbourg, 398-402, 400n, 401n
directive to, as Supreme Commander, 49-55, 468
and dissolution of SHAEF, 349, 511-15
and Dönitz government, 499
and Dutch food shortage, 335, 458
and First Allied Airborne Army, 269-72, 279
and French Provisional Government, 325
and French rearmament, 324-25, 402, 403
and French Resistance activities, 238
and German counteroffensive in Alsace, 397, 398-403
and German counteroffensive in Ardennes, 361, 362-63, 365, 365n, 369, 370n, 374-82
German estimate of, 34
and German surrender negotiations, 476, 476n, 477, 480, 484, 485-87, 487n
and German surrender at Reims, 489, 490, 493-94
and invasion currency, 231-32
and liberation of Paris, 240-43
and manpower crisis, 391-92
Marshall’s relationship with, 35, 41, 120, 307, 381, 386, 390, 391, 439, 451n
and military government for Germany, 353-58
and Montgomery’s conduct of battle for Caen, 184-91
Montgomery’s relationship with, 198, 289-90, 293-94, 297-98, 312-14, 316-17, 386-91
and Ninth Army’s Rhine crossing, 431
and operations in Falaise-Argentan pocket, 208-10, 211
and OVERLORD assault plan, 108, 111, 113
and Patton episode, 164-66
and planning for advance into Germany, 434, 441-47, 469
and planning to end war with Germany in 1944, 307-09
and planning for operations in Bay of Biscay, 219
and planning for Soviet-Allied link-up, 454, 465-69, 466n
praise of Bradley and Hodges, 435
press conference before D Day, 89-90
and Ruhr industrial facilities, 439
on security for OVERLORD, 163
and selection of First U.S. Army commander, 49n
and selection of 21 Army Group commander, 49
and SHAEF strategic reserve, 531-32
on SHAEF’s retention after defeat of Germany, 349-50, 350n, 511
and single ground force commander, 386-91
and 6th Army Group’s activation, 265-66
and Soviet conference with SHAEF representatives, 405-06
speech before Belgian Parliament, 330
strategy, memorandum of 28 February 1942, 99
and Stuttgart incident, 459-61
and supply organization, 267-68
and unconditional surrender formula, 340-41
on unity of command, 37, 41-42, 297-98
and Vlissingen bombing proposal, 334
and withdrawal of Allied troops from Czechoslovakia, 507-08
on zones of occupation, 349-50, 350n
Elbe River, 471, 472, 479, 480, 481, 482, 501, 514
Allied drive to, 434-36, 440, 441-54, 457, 469
and Soviet-Allied boundary, 465, 466n, 467, 469
and zones of occupation, 445, 463-64, 465
Elster, Generalmajor Botho, 239
Engineer Command, IX, 258
Engineer Division, SHAEF, 92-93
Erskine, Maj. Gen. George W. E. See also SHAEF Mission (Belgium).
and Belgian food shortage, 332-33
and Belgian Resistance forces, 330-32
biographical sketch, 8
heads SHAEF Mission (Belgium), 328
and SHAEF Mission (Luxembourg), 333
EUREKA. See Tehran Conference.
European Advisory Commission, 339, 339n, 347, 351, 353, 354
and CCAC pre-surrender directive on Germany, 347
France joins, 484
and German surrender instrument, 484-85, 490
and zones of occupation, 350-51, 462, 463-65
European Allied Contact Section, SHAEF, 82, 139, 147, 504, 532
European Civil Affairs Training Center, 83
European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (ETOUSA), 58n, 59, 77, 80, 163, 307. See also U.S. Forces European Theater (USFET).
and civil affairs, 347
and Combined Commanders, 99n, 101
and Combined Signal Committee, 92
and control of troops and supplies for OVERLORD, 73
Eisenhower commands, 34, 73, 74, 101
establishment of, 101
and French Committee of National Liberation, 141n
Hartle commands, in absence of Eisenhower, 102n
Lear appointed deputy theater commander, 392
and manpower crisis, 392-93
and Medical Division, SHAEF, 93
personnel allotments to, 529, 530
relationship with SHAEF and Communications Zone, 267-68
Smith as chief of staff of, 62, 74
SOS consolidated with headquarters of, 74, 267
–F–
Fahrmbacker, General der Artillerie Wilhelm, 502
Falaise, France, 186, 187, 191, 192, 198, 200, 218, 240, 244, 245, 250, 353
bombing, 199n
operations to close gap, 208-17
Fangohr, General der Infanterie Friedrich, 497
FFI. See French Forces of the Interior
Fifteenth Air Force, U.S., 48, 134n
Fifteenth U.S. Army, 266, 436, 436n, 440
Fifth U.S. Army, 68, 414n, 415-16, 456
Fighter Command, British. See Royal Air Force Fighter Command.
FILA. See French Forces of the Interior and Administrative Liaison (FILA).
Financial Guide for Germany, 348
First Allied Airborne Army, 254, 260. See also Brereton, Lt. Gen. Lewis H.
airborne planning, 280-84, 425, 429
MARKET-GARDEN operation, 279-80, 281, 288, 302
organization of, 269-72
and Rhine River crossings, 425, 429, 431
First Canadian Army, 334, 429, 443, 447. See also Crerar, Gen. Henry D. G.
activation of headquarters, 49n
becomes operational, 200-201
casualties, 192, 200, 248n, 301
clearing of Schelde estuary, 290, 295-96, 298, 300, 301, 301n, 310, 313
Crerar commands, 49, 58, 200-201
drive to the Elbe, 450
drive to the Rhine, 417, 421, 422-23
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378
Normandy operations, 185, 197n, 199n, 200-201, 208, 209, 211, 215-16
and Pas-de-Calais, 244, 251, 290
Simonds commands in absence of Crerar, 300
strength in Normandy, 192
First French Army, 304, 305, 310, 328, 447, 525. See also Lattre de Tassigny, Gen. Jean de.
clearing of Colmar Pocket, 318, 402-04
controlled by 6th Army Group, 229, 266
and dissolution of SHAEF, 514
drive into Austria, 454-56
drive to the Rhine, 426-27
and French Resistance activities, 238
and German counteroffensive in Alsace, 397
and INDEPENDENCE operation, 318, 369
operations in Alsace, 312
Rhine River crossing, 425, 432-33
and Stuttgart incident, 454-56, 459-61
surrender of German forces to, 482-83
First U.S. Army, 120, 187, 244, 245, 262, 303, 432, 435, 447, 450, 525, 526. See also Hodges, Gen. Courtney H.
activation, 49
advanced headquarters in city of Luxembourg, 378
assigned to 12th Army Group, 204
attack on Schmidt, 311
Bradley commands, 49
capture of Aachen, 304-05
casualties, 303, 317, 396-97, 397n
and clearing of Schelde estuary, 300, 302
drive, to the Elbe, 452-53
First U.S. Army—Continued
drive to the Rhine, 311-12, 313, 417, 422, 423-24, 433
drive on Roer dams, 317-18, 420-21
envelopment of the Ruhr, 438-40
estimate of German capabilities in the Ardennes, 363, 364-65, 366-72, 366n, 367n, 370n
and German counterattack at Mortain, 207
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 372-75, 377-85, 383n, 386n, 388, 393, 395, 397, 409
gasoline allocations to, 251, 258, 260
headquarters ordered to U.S., 454, 454n
Hodges commands, 204
junction with Red Army, 453, 477
Normandy operations, 181-82, 183-90, 192, 196-201, 205, 206, 207, 209, 211, 214, 216, 217
and OSS detachments, 361n
and OVERLORD assault, 45, 109, 181
and planning for advance into Germany, 250-53, 254, 255n, 291, 292, 294, 295, 296, 298, 310, 409, 436
psychological warfare, teams of, 336-37
Remagen bridge capture, 423-24, 423n
strength, 182
and 21 Army Group, 294, 295-96
1st U.S. Army Group. See also 12th Army Group, U.S.
activation, 49
and civil affairs, 80, 139, 147
and OVERLORD assault, 45
and psychological warfare, 87
renamed 12th Army Group. 183, 261n
Flensburg, Germany, 471, 479, 496, 497-99
Foerisch, General der Infanterie Hermann, 482
Foord, Brigadier E. J., 73
Foreign Office, British. See British Foreign Office.
Foreign Office, French. See French Foreign Office.
Forward Zone, French. See French Forward Zone.
Foulkes, Lt. Gen. C., 300n, 503
Four Party Committee, 96
France, 99, 122, 154, 160, 275, 279, 282, 283, 288, 303, 307, 314, 335, 336, 337, 361, 431, 435, 519, 521. See also France, southern; Normandy; Northern France Campaign.
and Allied Control Council, 512, 514
censorship of French press, 523
civil affairs, 76, 80, 83, 95-96, 138-57, 223, 231-35, 266, 319-28, 348-49, 350.
See also French Committee of National Liberation: SHAEF Mission (France).
civil affairs agreement with, 142-50, 234, 235, 319-20, 325, 326
command of forces of, 150-52, 227, 229
and defense of Strasbourg, 397, 398-401, 401n
and European Advisory Commission, 484
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 382
German forces in, 176-80
German garrisons on Atlantic coast, 318, 369, 436n, 502-03
and German surrender at Reims, 484, 487n, 493-94
and German surrender ceremony at Berlin, 491-92
invasion of. See Normandy Campaign; OVERLORD.
liberation of Paris, 239-43
and military government for Germany, 339, 352, 495
participation of French forces in liberation, 63, 110, 150-51, 221, 227, 323-24
and propaganda broadcasts, 161, 336
and railway bombing plan, 127-28, 130-32, 134, 309
rearmament of forces, 102, 150-51, 152, 323-25, 391-92, 402-03, 411, 460
Resistance forces. See French Resistance.
and Stuttgart incident, 459-61
token force for occupation of Berlin, 514
and zones of occupation, 351, 432, 457, 459-61, 465, 496
France, southern, 102, 179, 193n, 195, 196, 201, 211, 213, 215, 244, 246, 248, 254, 283, 314, 403
bombing targets, 128
commander for invasion, 31n
and French Resistance, 154, 154n, 223, 237-39
German forces in, 178, 179, 179n, 227-30
invasion, 55, 103, 105, 227-30, 275, 324, 429.
See also ANVIL.
and railway bombing plan, 134n
role of French forces in invasion, 150, 227
SHAEF assumes control of ANVIL/DRAGOON forces in, 229, 266
U.S. naval forces in, 47
Francs-Tireurs et Partisans, 152
Frankfurt, Germany, 424, 426, 447
in broad front strategy, 252, 260, 290, 291, 316, 410, 412-13
capture, 432
military government offices in, 513
SHAEF moves to, 513
strength of Supreme Headquarters at, 513
USFET headquarters established at, 514, 532
Fraser, Col. F, E., 333-34
French Army, 236, 327-28, 402, 411, 461, 488. See also Supreme Command of French Forces.
French Army of the Rhine anti the Danube, 328
French Committee of National Liberation, 34, 36, 149, 150. See also French Provisional Government; Gaulle, Gen. Charles de.
and censorship of French communications, 147, 163
and civil administration of France, 139, 141-50, 231-35
and civil affairs agreement, 142-45, 234, 235, 319-20, 325-26
and command of French forces, 150-52
and dissolution of French Resistance forces, 327-28
and French forces for Italian campaign, 150
and French Resistance, 152, 153, 236-37
and invasion currency, 231-33, 320
and liberation of Paris, 239, 241
and railway bombing plan, 132
and role of French forces in invasion, 151
French Council of Resistance, 143, 152
French Forces of the Interior, 153, 229, 305, 525. See also French Resistance.
activities June-August 1944, 237-39
and defense of Strasbourg, 398
dissolution, 327-28
and enemy forces on southwest coast of France, 303
Koenig commands, 236-37
and liberation of Paris, 240-41
French Forces of the Interior and Administrative Liaison (FILA), 153
French Foreign Office, 144, 235
French Military Mission, 142, 147, 153, 232
French Military Resistance Committee, 327
French Ministry of the Interior, 143, 326
French Ministry of National Defense, 398, 487n
French Ministry of War, 326
French National Committee, 138, 140
French Navy, 47
French Provisional Consultative Assembly, 145, 146, 234. See also French Committee of National Liberation; Gaulle, Gen. Charles de.
French Provisional Government, 325-27. See also France; French Committee of National Liberation.
French Provisional Representative Assembly, 146
French PTT system, 278
French Resistance, 70, 72, 102, 138, 140, 142-43, 146n, 158, 205, 233, 521, 527. See also French Forces of the Interior.
activities, June-August 1944, 237-39
and aircraft allocations, 155-56
command reorganization, 231, 236-37
dissolution of forces, 327-26
and liberation of Paris, 240-41
SHAEF coordination of activities of, 152-57, 223
French units
Army, B, 227, 229. See also First French Army.
Army, First. See also First French Army.
Battalion, 4th Parachute, 238
Division, 2nd Armored, 239, 241-42, 304, 311
Division, 9th Colonial Infantry, 150
French Zone of Interior, 320, 326-27, 382, 523
Friedeburg, Generaladmiral Hans Georg von, 479, 480-81
biographical sketch, 8
and disarmament of German Navy, 496, 500
suicide, 499
and surrender at Reims, 483-84, 486-87
and surrender ceremony at Berlin, 491, 492
Frisius, Viceadmiral Friedrich, 503
Front de l’Indépendance, 330, 332
Front National, 152
Future Operational Planning Section, GHQ (British), 98
–G–
–G–
G-1 Division, SHAEF, 64, 70, 340, 528. See also Barker, Maj. Gen. Ray W.
and Handbook for Unit Commanders (Germany), 353
and manpower crisis, 392
organization and functions, 73-74
personnel, 529
G-2 Division, SHAEF, 68, 70, 73, 244, 275, 306, 425n, 427-29, 447-48, 529. See also Strong, Maj. Gen. Kenneth W. D.
estimate of German strength, 282-83
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 363-64, 365, 366n, 375, 376n, 378
organization and functions, 71-73
and railway bombing plan, 131
on Ruhr’s importance to Germany, 309, 435
and Soviet winter offensive, 434
and strategic bombing priorities, 309
G-2 Division, War Department, 73, 85
G-3 Division, SHAEF, 62, 73, 210, 253n, 275, 279, 369, 447, 531. See also Bull, Maj. Gen. Harold R.
and channels of communication with USSR, 444n
and disarmament of German forces, 497
and extension of French zone of interior, 326
and French Resistance activities, 153
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 374n, 378
and military government for Germany, 347, 352
organization and functions, 68-71
and railway bombing plan, 131
Rooks assigned to, 390
G-3 Division, War Department, 68
G-4 Division, COSSAC, 73
G-4 Division, SHAEF, 64, 70, 92, 321n. See also Crawford, Maj. Gen. Robert W.
organization and functions, 73-74
relationship with ETOUSA and Communications Zone, 267-68
G-5 Division, SHAEF, 64, 324. See also Grasett, Lt. Gen. Sir A. E.
and military government for Germany, 347, 353, 356
organization and functions, 75, 81-83
G-5 Section, SHAEF Mission (France), 321n
G-6 Division, SHAEF, 84-86, 87, 530
Gale, Lt. Gen. Sir Humfrey M., 8, 64, 169, 170n, 255, 515
Galloway, Maj. Gen. A., 458
Galloway, Brigadier R. W., 93
GARDEN, 279, 281, 282, 283, 284-88
Garson, Brigadier H. L., 93
Allied shortage, 251, 254, 258, 268, 304, 322
factor in halt short of Rhine, 256, 258
German shortage, 364, 364n, 372, 418
Gaulle, Gen. Charles de, 34, 152, 233, 234, 241, 242, 349. See also French Committee of National Liberation; French Provisional Government.
and aircraft for Resistance activities, 156
and censorship of French communications, 147
and civil administration of France, 143-46, 231-35
and clearing of Colmar Pocket, 402-03
and conference on use of French units, 151
and defense of Strasbourg, 400-401, 400n, 401n
and dissolution of French Resistance forces, 327-28
establishes French Provisional Government, 325
and First French Army’s Rhine crossing, 432
and French Committee of National Liberation, 141, 142
French National Committee organized by, 138, 140
and French rearmament, 402, 403
and French zone of occupation, 432
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 382
and German surrender, 487n, 491
and invasion currency, 232-33
invitation to London, 148-49, 232
invitation to Washington, 232-33, 235, 319, 324
and liberation of Paris, 239, 240-43, 242n
message to French on D Day, 149-50
and military government for Germany, 352
and movement of personnel from Algiers to Paris, 321
and OVERLORD information, 148-49
and replacements for First French Army, 318
and SHAEF Mission (France), 321
and Stuttgart incident, 459-61
Generalstab des Heeres (Gen. St. d. H.), 176, 472, 499, 514
Gerard, Maj. Gen. Yvan Gerard, 329
German Air Force. See Luftwaffe; Oberkommando der Luftwaffe, (OKL).
German Armed Forces High Command. See Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW).
German Armed Forces Operations Staff. See Wehrmachtführungsstab (WFSt)
German Army, 53, 58, 87, 88, 99, 245, 247, 254, 307, 344, 345, 353, 442, 445, 445n, 447, 448, 478, 521. See also German units; Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH).
casualties, 194-95, 247, 303, 312, 396-97
command organization, 175-80
counteroffensive in Hungary, 418
defense against invasion of Continent, 176-80
disarmament, 496, 497-500, 530
policy on operations at end of war, 472
strength in west, 248, 282-83, 411, 427-29
troop transfers, 396, 405, 419n, 471
German Army General Staff. See Generalstab des Heeres (Gen. St.d.H.).
German Army General Staff, Operations Group, 472
German Minesweeping Administration, 501
German Ministry of Propaganda, 249
German Navy, 175-76, 496, 500-501. See also Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine (OKM).
German Replacement Army, 203, 246, 303
German units
Armed Forces Commander Denmark, 472n, 476, 508
Armed Forces Commander Netherlands, 177, 179n, 360n
Armed Forces Commander Norway, 472n, 510
Army, First, 177, 179n, 208, 211, 211n, 228, 230, 230n, 397, 425, 433, 482
Army, First Parachute, 284, 286n, 360n, 419, 419n, 429, 438
Army, Third Panzer, 480
Army, Fourth Panzer, 230
Army, Fifth Panzer, 207n, 210, 211, 211n, 212, 213-15, 230, 230n, 304, 361, 363, 364, 372, 375, 382, 384, 438. See also Panzer Group West.
Army, Sixth Panzer, 359, 359n, 361, 363, 364, 366, 367n, 368, 372, 375, 378, 382, 384, 395, 396
Army, Sixth SS Panzer, 359n. See also Army, Sixth Panzer.
Army, Seventh, 177, 179, 179n, 194n, 195, 195n, 206, 207, 207n, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 363, 372, 375, 382, 384, 425, 425n, 426, 429, 433
Army, Twelfth, 452, 471, 472-73, 472n, 480, 481
Army, Fifteenth, 177, 179n, 180, 182, 193-94, 286, 299, 360, 372, 375, 384, 423, 438
Army, Nineteenth, 177, 179n, 215, 228, 230, 397, 397n, 425, 433, 472, 482
Army, Twentieth Mountain, 510
Army, Twenty-first, 480
Army, Twenty-fourth, 483
Army Ostpreussen, 472n
Army Group B, 177, 179, 194, 194n, 207, 21n, 213, 213n, 230n, 245-46, 248, 286, 286n, 360, 360n, 363, 369, 372, 384, 419, 425n, 429, 438, 439, 440
Army Group D, 177. See also Oberbefehlshaber West (OB WEST).
Army Group E, 482
Army Group G, 178, 179, 211n, 228, 229, 230, 230n, 246, 304, 360, 363, 372, 375, 384, 395, 397, 397n, 419, 419n, 425, 425n, 426, 427, 429, 433, 438, 472, 482
Army Group H, 360, 360n, 372, 375, 384, 419, 419n, 421, 429, 438, 472n. See also Oberbefehlshaber Nordwest (OB NORDWEST).
Army Group Center, 472, 473, 474, 482, 483
Army Group Kurland, 472n
Army Group Mueller, 480
Army Group Oberrhein, 360, 372, 396, 397, 397n, 419n. See also Army Group Weichsel .
Army Group Ostmark, 483. See also Army Group South .
Army Group South, 472, 473, 482, 483
Army Group for Special Employment, 177. See also Army Group B.
Army Group Student, 360n. See also Army Group H.
Army Group Weichsel, 396, 419n, 472n, 473. See also Army Group Oberrhein.
Brigade, 150th Panzer, 367n
Corps, II Parachute, 284
Corps, II SS Panzer, 206, 284, 288
Corps, XLVII Panzer, 207
Corps, LXIV, 228
Division, 2nd Panzer, 182n, 368
Division, 3rd Panzer Grenadier, 366
Division, 3rd Parachute, 366
Division, 9th SS Panzer, 182, 283
Division, 10th SS Panzer, 182, 283
Division, 116th Panzer, 366, 368
Division, 159th, 229
Division, 212th Volks Grenadier, 370
Division, 265th, 182n
Division, 275th, 182n
Division, 319th, 179n
Division, 326th, 374
Division, 338th, 228
Division, 352nd, 171
Division, Panzer Grossdeutschland, 367
Division, Panzer Lehr, 367
Group Elster, 229
Panzer Group Eberbach, 211n. See also Army, Fifth Panzer; Panzer Group West.
Panzer Group West, 179, 194, 194n, 195, 207, 207n. See also Army, Fifth Panzer.
Germany, 144, 154, 202, 217, 218, 221, 228, 229, 244, 253n, 258, 259, 260, 261, 282, 283, 288, 303, 321, 329, 330, 359, 361, 362, 364, 367, 368, 372, 393, 395, 430, 433, 448, 458, 459, 497, 532
Allied Control Council established in Berlin, 512, 514
Allied strategy for defeating, 50-52, 99, 468
CCAC pre-surrender directive on, 347-48, 353, 355, 357
disarmament of forces, 497-501
Dönitz government, 457, 469-74, 470n, 499
and Dutch food shortage, 335
estimate of situation of, 104-05, 244-45, 306, 425n, 427-29, 447-48
junction of Soviet and Western Allied forces in, 453, 469
military government for, 83, 96, 260, 339, 345, 346-58, 459, 495-96, 498, 511-15
occupation, 511
occupation currency, 260n
planning for advance into, 249-56, 258-59, 281, 288-98, 312-17, 389, 405, 406, 407-14, 434-36, 441-47, 469
planning for ending war with, in 1944, 307-09
prediction of date for reaching border, 257
psychological warfare against, 339-46
SHAEF interim directive for military government, 355-56
surrender, 257, 326, 334n, 339, 407, 474n, 475-90, 495, 502-06, 511, 514
surrender ceremony at Berlin, 490-94
terrain, 447
and unconditional surrender formula, 339-43, 344, 357, 457
zones of occupation, 139, 348-51, 432, 445, 445n, 459-61, 462, 464-65, 496
Gerow, Lt. Gen. Leonard T., 9, 34, 241, 242, 266, 395, 436n. See also Corps, U.S., V; Fifteenth U.S. Army.
Geyr yon Schweppenburg, General der Panzertruppen Leo Freiherr. 179, 194
Giraud, Gen. Henri Honoré, 35, 140-43, 146, 150, 151, 152
Gilder forces, Allied, 118, 119, 120-21, 269
Göring, Reichsmarschall Hermann, 9, 175-76, 470-72, 472n, 483. See also Luftwaffe.
GOLD Beach, 171
Grasett, Lt. Gen. Sir A. E. See also G-5 Division, SHAEF.
biographical sketch, 9
on civil affairs administration, 82-83
and civil affairs agreement for France, 147
and liaison missions of governments-in-exile, 139
and rearmament of French forces, 324
and SHAEF missions, 139
Great Britain, 344, 431, 459, 471n, 515, 520. See also Churchill, Winston S.
and Allied Control Council, 512, 514. See also British Control Commission Military Section.
and Balkan area, 414n
civil affairs agreement with France, 319
and Dönitz government of Germany, 498
and French Committee of National Liberation, 141, 143-50, 231-34
and French rearmament, 323
and German surrender negotiations, 476-77, 480, 482, 484
and governments-in-exile, 138-39, 334, 463, 506. 507
liaison with Soviet Union, 461
and manpower crisis in Europe, 381, 391
and military government for Germany, 339, 346. 348, 352, 495
recognizes French Provisional Government, 325
and unconditional surrender formula. 340
and V-E Day, 494
and zones of occupation, 349-51, 463-65, 466, 496
GREIF, 360
Greim, Generalfeldmarschall Robert Ritter von, 472
GRENADE, 417
Grigg, Sir James, 232
Groupe del’ Armée, 152
Gubbins, Maj. Gen. Colin, 152
Guderian, Generaloberst Heinz, 9, 176
Guided missiles, 134-37
Guingand, Maj. Gen. Francis de. See De Guingand, Maj. Gen. Francis.
–H–
H Hour, 169
Haislip, Maj. Gen. Wade H., 213, 482. See also Corps. U.S.. XV.
Halder. Generaloberst Franz, 176
Hall, Rear Adm. John L.. 173
Hamburg, Germany, 434, 450, 473
capture, 451
command of German naval forces in, 501
and German surrender negotiations, 478, 480
Handbook, Standard Policy and Procedure for Combined Civil Affairs Operations in Northwest Europe. 81, 82-83. 82n
Handbook for Military Government in Germany. 347, 353. 354-56
Handbook for Unit Commanders (Germany), 353, 354-55
HANDS UP, 197n
Harper, Maj. Gem Robert W.. 500
Harriman, Averell, 29n, 405, 406
Harris, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Arthur T., 274. See also Royal Air Force Bomber Command.
biographical sketch, 9
and bombing of Caen. 185
commands RAP Bomber Command. 124
on defeat of Germany by air power. 127n
member British Joint Staff Mission, 39n
and railway bombing plan, 127, 130
Haskell, Col. Joseph F., 153, 155, 237
Hausser, Generaloberst der Waffen SS Paul, 207, 207n, 215, 248
biographical sketch, 10
commands Army Group B. 212
commands Army Group G, 419n
and German withdrawal east of the Rhine, 425
Headquarters command, SHAEF, 529, 531, 532, 533
Headquarters Command, USFET, 532
Headquarters Commandant, SHAEF. See Brown, Brig. Gen. Robert Q.
Heine, Generalmajor Siegfried, 503
Heinrici, Generaloberst Gotthard, 473
Hesse, Dr. F., 475
Hilldring, Maj. Gen. John H., 142n. See also Civil Affairs Division, War Department.
on civil affairs administration, 78
and military government for Germany, 353, 357
and unconditional surrender formula, 340, 342
Himmler, Reichsführer SS Heinrich, 194, 419n, 429, 471
biographical sketch, 10
commands Army Group Oberrhein, 360n
commands Army Group Weichsel, 396
negotiations for surrender, 473, 473n, 476-77
Hitler, Adolf, 75, 114, 247, 259, 302, 305, 407. 429. 448, 475, 476, 477, 514
and Allied drive into southern Germany, 433
and Allied encirclement of the Ruhr, 438
attempt on life, 194, 201, 345
conference with military advisers, 201-03
and counterattack at Mortain, 207-08
and counteroffensive in Alsace, 397, 403-04
and counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 346, 359-60, 363, 375, 376n, 384, 395, 396
and defense of Berlin, 471-74
and defense of West Wall, 246-47, 248
demands Goering’s resignation, 472
estimate of Allied intentions, 180, 182, 193-94
expels Goering and Himmler from Nazi party, 473
and formation of new divisions, 302-03
and German command organization, 175-76, 178
and German withdrawal east of the Rhine, 421
and operations in Normandy, 201, 208, 210-13, 215
and operations in southwestern France, 304
replaces Army Group G commander, 304
and 319th Division, 179n
and transfer of government to Dönitz, 469-74, 470n
von Kluge removed as Commander-in-Chief West by, 212-13
Hodges, Gen. Courtney H., 165, 294, 525. See also First U.S. Army.
biographical sketch, 10
and capture of Aachen, 305
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 380, 395
commands First U.S. Army, 204
drive to the Elbe, 453
drive to the Rhine, 310, 417, 423-24
drive to the Roer, 317
Eisenhower’s praise of, 435
and envelopment of the Ruhr, 437, 440
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 367, 370n, 371, 372, 377, 381, 383, 385
and Normandy operations, 206, 209, 211, 215
ordered to the Pacific, 454
and planning for advance into Germany, 253, 255
and Remagen bridge capture, 424
Hoge, Brig. Gen. William M., 424
Holmes, Brig. Gen. Julius C:., 57, 82n, 319n
and civil affairs agreement with France, 145
Deputy Chief, G-5 Division, SHAEF, 81-82
and handbook on civil affairs, 82
Home Office, British. See British Home Office.
Hopkins, Harry L., 311n, 36, 464
and ANVIL planning, 224
on strengthening OVERLORD assault, 108
and supreme commander for OVERLORD, 24, 28, 29, 31-32
Howell, Brig. Gen. George P., 334, 334n
Hughes, Maj. Gen. H. B. W., 10, 93
Hull, Cordell. See also State Department.
and civil affairs agreements, 79, 142, 146-48
and defense of Strasbourg, 401
and French Committee of National Liberation, 141, 146-48
and Morgenthau plan for Germany, 342
and political officer for SHAEF, 95
and unconditional surrender formula, 340, 341
German counteroffensive in, 418
Soviet offensive in, 427
HUSKY, 103. See also Sicily.
–I–
I. G. Farbenindustrie Building, 513, 514, 515
Imperial Defence Committee, British. See British Imperial Defence Committee.
Imperial General Staff, Chief of. See Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan.
Infantry divisions, German, 179, 182, 194-95, 246, 248, 303. See also German units.
Infantry Divisions, U.S.
1st, 387
4th, 241
9th, 387
26th, 284
28th, 242
30th, 207
66th, 502
94th, 303
95th, 284
99th, 374n
104th, 284
106th, 526
Infantry Replacements. See Replacements, Infantry.
Initial Joint Plan. See NEPTUNE, Initial Joint Plan.
Intelligence, Allied, 171
estimate on French Resistance. 156
estimate of German strength in west, 282-83, 306
estimate of importance of Ruhr to Germany, 309, 434-35
estimate of probable collapse of Germany, 104-05, 244-45, 427-29, 447-48
estimate on railway bombing plan, 130
and German counteroffensive in Alsace, 397
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 361-72
and Soviet winter offensive, 434
and unconditional surrender formula, 340
and withdrawal of German forces east of the Rhine, 425, 425n
Intelligence, German
and Allied drive to the Rhine, 429
and Allied offensive in the Ardennes, 393n
estimate of Allied forces in United Kingdom, 180, 180n
estimate of Allied strength on Continent, 248
estimate of Eisenhower, 34
estimate of Tedder, 61
and OVERLORD plan, 164
Intelligence Division, SHAEF. See G-2 Division, SHAEF.
Interim Directive for Military Government of Germany, 356
Internal security troops, 324-25
International Red Cross, 334
Inter-Services Security Board, 162
Ismay, Gen. Sir Hastings L., 24n, 28n, 37, 39, 42n, 85n
Italy, 34, 49, 58, 61, 102, 202, 231, 314, 323, 392, 403, 411, 414n, 429, 435, 441, 451, 454, 472
bombing of railways in, 127, 128
campaign in, 32, 101, 104, 111-17, 164, 218-19, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 306, 406n, 415, 416
civil affairs administration, 75, 76, 80-81
junction of Seventh and Fifth Army units in, 456
9th Colonial Infantry Division ordered to, 150
proposal to transfer Allied troops to Balkans from, 406, 406n
surrender of German forces in, 473, 475, 476n, 477, 78, 482
transfer of Allied units to northwest Europe from, 415-16
unconditional surrender, 104, 485
–J–
Jackson, C. D., 87
Japan, 101, 445, 494, 501, 507
Jaujard, Rear Adm. Robert, 47
Jedburgh, team, 155
Jodl, Generaloberst Alfred, 176
arrest, 499-500
biographical sketch, 11
and defense of Berlin, 471-72
and disarmament of German forces, 496-97
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 359-60, 375n
and German surrender at Reims, 486-89, 502
and Normandy operations, 194, 201-03, 210, 213
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 24n, 33, 35, 37, 233, 289, 292, 488. See also Arnold, General of the Army Henry H.; King, Fleet Admiral Ernest J.; Leahy, Fleet Admiral William D.; Marshall, General of the Army George C.
and ANVIL planning, 111-17, 113n, 218-23, 224, 226
and Balkan operations, 414-15
and British battle reports to Churchill, 37
and British drive to Lübeck, 451
on capture of Berlin, 441-45
and channels of communication with USSR, 444
and civil affairs administration, 75, 76, 77, 78-79
and command organization for OVERLORD, 43-45
and commander, AEAF, 48
directive to McNarney in Mediterranean, 42n
and directive to Supreme Commander, 49-53
and dissolution of SHAEF, 514
and Dutch food shortage, 457
and French Resistance, 153
and German surrender negotiations, 477
on invasion currency, 233
and London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare, 85
at Malta Conference, 413
and manpower crisis in Europe, 392
and military government for Germany, 357-58
and military victory, 468
and OVERLORD planning, 99, 100, 102, 111, 113
and planning to end war with Germany in 1944, 308
and press and propaganda organization for SHAEF, 86
and recognition of French Provisional Government, 325
and Roosevelt’s policies, 36-37
and SHAEF strategy for defeat of Germany, 409, 413-14
and strategic air forces, 32n, 44-45, 48, 124-25
and supreme commander for OVERLORD, 25, 29-30
and unconditional surrender formula, 340, 457
and U.S. attack on Soviet column, 462
U.S. Group Control Council established by, 351
USSTAF in Europe established by, 48
withdrawal of troops from Czechoslovakia, 507-08
Joint Intelligence Committee (London), 72, 72n
Joint Intelligence Committee (SHAEF), 72, 95
Joint Intelligence Sub-Committee, War Cabinet, 104, 130, 156
Joint Planning Staff, British. See British Joint Planning Staff.
Joint Press Censorship Group, 90
Joint Rearmament Commission, 324. See also Rearmament Division, SHAEF Mission (France).
Joint Staff Planners, U.S., 99, 414n
Jones, Brigadier S. O., 333
Juin, Gen. Alphonse-Pierre, 63, 487n
biographical sketch, 11
and clearing of Colmar Pocket, 402-03
and defense of Strasbourg, 398-401
and French zone of interior, 326
Jullouville, France, 264-65, 276
Junck, Generalleutnant Hans, 502
JUNO Beach, 171
–K–
Keitel, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm, 175. See also Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW).
arrest, 497
biographical sketch, 11
and control of army units in north, 472-73, 472n
and defense of Berlin, 471-72, 473
on German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 360
and German surrender, 481, 483, 486-87, 491, 492-93, 502
Kenner, Maj. Gen. Albert W., 11, 93
Kesselring, Generalfeldmarschall Albert, 212, 415
arrest, 499
biographical sketch, 11
defense of Rhine River line, 429
named commander in south, 470, 470n, 472, 478n, 483
orders release of Goering, 472n
replaces Rundstedt as Commander-in-Chief West, 429
surrender of German forces, 478, 479, 482-83
King, Fleet Admiral Ernest J., 27n, 28n, 39n, 415n. See also Joint Chiefs of Staff.
biographical sketch, 12
and BOLERO plan, 101
member CCS, 39
and naval planning for OVERLORD, 46
and Pacific alternative, 101
and Ruhr industrial facilities, 439
on supreme commander for OVERLORD, 29
and zones of occupation, 351
Kinzel, Generalleutnant Eberhardt, 479
Kirk, Vice Adm. Alan G., biographical sketch, 12
commands U.S. naval elements on Continent, 275
commands U.S. naval forces in OVERLORD, 47
and SHAEF Mission (France), 321n
Kluge, Generalfeldmarschall Guenther von, appointed Commander-in-Chief West, 194
biographical sketch, 12
and counterattack at Mortain, 206-08, 207n
and operations in Normandy, 194, 201-03, 206-08, 210-13
Koblenz, Germany, 252, 253, 254, 366, 423, 425
capture, 426
and zones of occupation, 351
Koetz, Lt. Gen. Louis, 321
Koenig, Gen. Pierre Joseph, 63, 163, 234, 521
biographical sketch, 12
on bombing targets in France, 132
and civil affairs agreement with France, 146-48, 235, 319, 319n
commands French Forces of the Interior, 236-37
commands French occupation forces, 514
and French Resistance, 153, 156, 327, 328
and invasion currency, 235
and liberation of Paris, 240-41, 242
military governor of Paris, 240-41
and movement of Communications Zone headquarters to Paris, 322
and OVERLORD information, 148
and SHAEF Mission (France), 321
Koller, General der Flieger Karl, 470-72, 471n
Konev, Marshal Ivan S., 418
Kramer, Maj. Gen. Herman F., 502
Krancke, Admiral Theodor, 177
Krebs, General der Infanterie Hans, 13, 176
Krosigk, Graf Schwerin von, 474n, 527n
–L–
Lanahan, Maj. Gen. Francis H., Jr., 13, 92
Landing craft, 120, 122, 167, 301
for ANVIL, 223
in ANVIL-OVERLORD debate, 109-17, 218
British program for production, 98
diversion from Pacific to Mediterranean, 116-17
and Rhine River crossings, 429
Lattre de Tassigny, Gen. Jean de. See also First French Army.
biographical sketch, 13
and clearing of Colmar Pocket, 305, 312, 318, 397, 402, 404
commands First French Army, 227, 229
and defense of Strasbourg, 400
and dissolution of French Resistance forces, 328
drive into Austria, 456
drive to the Rhine, 426-27
and German surrender ceremony at Berlin, 491-92, 492n, 493n
and German surrender at Reims, 487n
and Rhine River crossings, 432-33
surrender of German forces to, 482-83
and Stuttgart incident, 459-60
LCTs, 111, 116. See also Landing craft.
Leahy, Fleet Admiral William D., 27n, 28n, 30, 36, 114. See also Joint Chiefs of Staff.
biographical sketch, 13
on capture or Berlin, 446
on drive into Czechoslovakia, 468-69
and German surrender at Reims, 494n
member CCS, 39
and Ruhr industrial facilities, 439
and zones of occupation, 351
Lear, Lt. Gen. Ben, 392
Leclerc, Brig. Gen. Jacques-Philippe, 239, 241-42
Lee, Lt. Gen. John C. H. See also Communications Zone, Headquarters.
commands Communications Zone, 74
commands Services of Supply in ETO, 74, 267
as deputy theater commander, ETOUSA, 74, 267
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 382
and manpower crisis, 392-93
moves Communications Zone headquarters to Paris, 322-23
and supply controversy, 267-68
Leeb, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Ritter von, 483
Leigh-Mallory, Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford, 45n, 50, 99n, 114, 160, 197. See also Allied Expeditionary Air Force, Advanced Headquarters, AEAF, established by, 126-27
and air attacks in Normandy, 188, 199n
and Air Defence of Great Britain, 48n
on airborne divisions for OVERLORD assault, 118, 120-21
on aircraft for Resistance activities, 155
and ANVIL-OVERLORD planning, 109
assigned to southeastern Asia air command, 274
biographical sketch, 13-14
commands AEAF, 48, 73, 123-24, 127
and CROSSBOW, 136
death, 275n
and First Allied Airborne Army, 271
and Initial Joint Plan, 121
and railway bombing plan, 127, 128, 131, 132
Leipzig, Germany
capture, 452
as military objective, 413, 434, 436, 441, 444, 446
Lend-lease, 99, 162, 247, 247n, 460, 462
Lewis, Maj. Gen. John T. See also SHAEF Mission (France).
biographical sketch, 14
and French Resistance forces, 328
heads SHAEF Mission (France), 320
Liége, Belgium, 250, 303, 346, 372, 376, 377, 382, 419
Lindemann, Generaloberst Georg, 476, 508, 509
Lines of communications, troops for, 324, 392, 532
LINNET I, 280
LINNET II, 280
Liska, Maj. Gen. A., 503
List, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm, 483
Little, Admiral Sir Charles, and Combined Commanders, 99n
member British Joint Staff Mission, 39n
and naval planning for OVERLORD, 46
Lockhart, Sir Robert Bruce, 85n, 131, 149
Lodgment on Continent, 171-91
Loehr, Generaloberst Alexander, 483, 483n, 499
Logistics. See Supply.
London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare, 85, 85n, 131, 132
London Emergency Propaganda Committee. See London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare.
London Political Warfare Coordinating Committee. See London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare.
London Propaganda Coordinating Committee. See London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare.
Loomis, Brig. Gen. Harold F., 321n, 324
Lorraine campaign, 244, 250-51, 254-55, 258-59, 284, 303-04
LSTs, 111, 115, 116, 117, 166. See also Landing craft.
Lübeck, Germany, 443, 446, 447, 470
capture, 451
Second British Army drive to, 451, 468, 478
surrender negotiations at, 477
Luftwaffe, 87, 99, 126, 129, 130, 137, 175, 273, 315, 396n, 424, 427, 431, 448, 524. See also Luftwaffe units; Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL).
and command in southern Germany, 470
Goering replaced by von Greim as head, 472
Luftwaffe units
Air Force, Third, 177
Air Force, Sixth, 500
Lumley, Maj. Gen. Sir Roger, 80, 81, 82
Luxembourg, 154, 337, 363, 389
Allied pursuit through, 244, 250
civil affairs, 83
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 385
government-in-exile established, 138
Luxembourg, city of, 378, 419, 523, 524. See also Radio Luxembourg.
Luxembourg Civil Affairs Detachment, 333
–M–
Maastricht, Netherlands, 259, 305
and airborne planning, 280
commanders’ conference at, 316
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 372
McClure, Brig. Gen. Robert A., 57, 86, 87. See also Psychological Warfare Division, SHAEF
on abolition of G-6 Division, SHAEF, 86
biographical sketch, 14
and de Gaulle’s message to French on D Day, 149
heads G-6 Division, SHAEF, 84, 86
heads Psychological Warfare Division, SHAEF, 84
and press censorship, 89-90, 521
and propaganda for Germany, 340, 341, 342-43, 344-45
and psychological warfare organization in army groups, 87
and unconditional surrender formula, 340, 341, 342-43
McCroskey, Brig. Gen. Samuel L., 95
McLean, Brigadier Kenneth G., 14, 68, 109n
MacMillan, Harold, 151
McNair, Lt. Gen. Lesley J., 102, 183, 199, 261n
McNarney, Lt. Gen. Joseph T., 42n, 415n, 522
McSherry, Brig. Gen. Frank J., 81-82
Malta Conference, and Balkan operations proposal, 414-16
and SHAEF strategy for defeat of Germany, 413-14, 436n, 443
and zones of occupation, 464
Manpower shortage, 391-97, 530, 531. See also Replacements, infantry.
Manteuffel, General der Panzertruppen Hasso von, 304
MARKET-GARDEN operation, 279, 281-88, 287n, 303. See also Arnhem, Netherlands.
Marseille, France, 239, 256, 314
in ANVIL planning, 219-23
capture, 227-28
Marshall’s conference with Eisenhower at, 413, 413n
Marshall, General of the Army George C., 110, 115, 121, 143, 151, 156, 209, 234, 251, 274, 310, 315, 375, 380, 401n, 433. See also Joint Chiefs of Staff, War Department.
on airborne operations, 119-20, 269-71, 279
biographical sketch, 14
and BOLERO plan, 100-101
and bomb lines, 463
and command in OVERLORD assault, 44-45
conference with Eisenhower at Marseille, 413
and de Gaulle, 234
Dill’s relationship with, 39
and directive to Supreme Commander, 52
on drive into Czechoslovakia, 468
on drive into southern Germany, 435
Eisenhower’s relationship with, 35, 41, 307, 381, 386, 390, 391, 439, 451n
on Eisenhower’s taking direct command on Continent, 264
and 1st Army Group commander, 49n
and French rearmament, 324
and German surrender negotiations, 477
and HUSKY operation, 102-03
and manpower crisis in Europe, 392-93
member CCS, 39
Morgan invited to Washington by, 28
on organization of SHAEF, 59, 86
and Pacific alternative, 101
and Patton episode, 165
and planning to end war with Germany in 1944, 307-09, 308n
policy on military operations, 468
on port of Antwerp, 297
on press coverage of Bradley and Hodges, 435
and proposal for link-up with Red Army in Austria, 406n
and Ruhr industrial facilities, 439
and SHAEF strategy for defeat of Germany, 409, 413-14
on single ground force commander, 386, 390, 413
and Somervell’s inspection of supply system in Europe, 393
and Soviet conference with SHAEF representatives, 406n, 407n
and strategic air forces in Europe, 29
and strategy in Europe, 99-101, 102-03, 112-13, 292
on strengthening OVERLORD assault, 108
and supreme commander for OVERLORD), 24-33, 32n, 44n
and TORCH operation, 100-101
on unity of command, 41, 44-45, 86
on use of 82nd Airborne Division, 451n
and zones of occupation, 464
Martel, Lt. Gen. G. LeQ., 462
Medical Division, SHAEF, 93
Mediterranean Allied Air Forces, 61, 462-63
Mediterranean theater, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 46-47, 49, 51, 62, 68, 71, 73, 93, 107, 111, 120, 122, 123, 151, 153, 164, 178, 179n, 193, 266, 278, 292, 308. See also Allied Force Headquarters (AFHQ).
AFHQ’s contribution to SHAEF organization, 56, 58
civil affairs administration, 75, 77, 80-81, 82, 83
command of ANVIL/DRAGOON forces transferred to SHAEF, 229
decision for HUSKY operation, 103
directive to McNarney as commander in, 42n
and French forces, 150
Italian campaign. See Italy, campaign in.
and landing craft, 116-17, 415
North African campaign. See North Africa, campaign in.
and planning for Balkan operations, 219-22, 225, 406, 414-16
planning for operations in, as aid to OVERLORD, 109-17, 218-27
and railway bombing plan, 128, 134n
Sicilian campaign. See Sicily, campaign in.
strategic air forces, 32, 45, 48
supreme commander for, 27, 31n, 32, 41-42. See also Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Theater.
Merrick, Lt. Col. Richard H., 90
Messages
of CCS to Eisenhower channeled through WD, 41
Supreme Commander’s log of, 63
Meteorological Committee, SHAEF, 169
Meteorological Section, SFHQ 70
Allied drive toward, 244, 249-52, 255, 258, 284, 305
Meuse River, 246, 282, 284, 286, 295, 436n
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 364, 372, 375-77, 380, 382, 384, 385, 388
Middleton, Drew, 189
Middleton, Lt. Gen. Troy H., 371. See also Corps, U.S., VIII.
Military government. See Civil affairs.
Military Mission to Moscow, U.S., 406n. See also Deane, Maj. Gen. John R.
and Allied plans for drive to Leipzig, 441
and channels of communication with USSR, 462
and German surrender, 486, 490
and plant for Soviet-Western-Allied link-up, 466
Military Railways Branch, G-4 Division, SHAEF, 321n
Minister of Defence, British. See Churchill, Winston S.
Ministerial Control Party, U.S.-British, 499
Ministry of Economic Warfare, British. See British
Ministry of Economic Warfare.
Ministry of Information, British. See British Ministry of Information.
Mission Militaire Liaison Administrative (MMLA), 153
Mockler-Ferryman, Brigadier E. F., 153
Model, Generalfeldmarschall Walter, 215, 302
and Allied encirclement of the Ruhr, 438-39, 440
appointed Commander-in-Chief West, 212-13
biographical sketch, 14-15
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 360, 369
and MARKET-GARDEN operation, 286
removed as Commander-in-Chief West, 245-46, 248
Montgomery, Field Marshal Sir Bernard L., 42n, 61, 71, 89, 214n, 231, 275, 317, 426, 486, 520. See also 21 Army Group.
and air support in OVERLORD assault, 126
and airborne planning, 209-10, 280-84, 282n
and Allied Control Council, 514
and ANVIL planning, 113-14
and ban on entry to coastal areas of England, 163
biographical sketch, 15
bombing of plane of, 385n
Bradley’s relationship with, 198, 214n, 217, 261-64, 295-96, 312, 383, 387-88, 395, 435
and clearing of approaches to Antwerp and Rotterdam, 256
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378-81, 385-86, 386n, 387-89, 395, 409, 436, 443
and commander, Second British Army, 49
at commanders’ conferences, 255, 310, 316
commands round operations in Northern France, 180-91, 197-98, 203-04, 261-64
commands OVERLORD assault, 49, 180, 198
commands 21 Army Group, 33, 49, 265
criticism of, in battle for Caen, 183-91
and D Day, 166, 169-70, 171, 173-75
drive to the Elbe, 442, 445-46, 445n, 446n, 450-51
drive on Lübeck, 451
drive to the Rhine, 417-18, 421, 422, 429-31
Eisenhower’s relationship with, 198, 289-90, 292-94, 297-98, 312-14, 316-17, 386-91
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 369, 370n, 376-83, 383n, 387-88, 393
and German surrender negotiations, 479, 480-81, 503, 509
and liberation of Paris, 240, 242
and MARKET-GARDEN operation, 256, 287-88
and military government for Germany, 356
and Normandy operations, 200-201, 206, 209-10, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217
and planning for advance into Germany, 443
and planning for OVERLORD assault, 66, 107, 108-09, 113-14, 118, 120, 121
planning for Rhineland offensive, 385-86, 385n
and planning for the breakout, 197-96
press conference on Ardennes fighting, 387-89, 435
promotion to field marshal, 253n
and Rhine River crossings, 429-31
on single ground force commander, 385-89, 390-91
and single thrust strategy, 250-56, 259, 260, 281, 289-98, 293n, 310, 310n, 312-17, 318, 409-10, 413, 414, 434-36, 436n, 442
on 12th Army Group’s drive to the Elbe, 436n
visits troops before D Day, 158
Moorehead, Alan, 88
Morgan, Lt. Gen. Sir Frederick E., 62n, 105, 107. See also Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC).
and ANVIL, 103
appointed Deputy Chief of Staff, SHAEF, 60, 63-64
and ban on entry to coastal areas of England, 162
biographical Sketch, 15
and civil affairs agreement for France, 147
on civil affairs organization for SHAEF, 76, 77, 79-80
on COCKADE, 106
and command of ground forces in OVERLORD as-sault, 43-45, 43n, 49
and CROSSBOW, 134-35
and directive to AEAF, 45
and directive to Supreme Commander, 52, 52n
and extension of French zone of interior, 326
and French Resistance, 153
and German surrender at Reims, 487
and liaison missions of governments-in-exile, 138
and liberation of Paris, 239
and movement of an embassy staff to Paris, 322
on organizing an integrated Allied command, 58, 59
and personnel for SHAEF, 531
and planning for cross-Channel attack, 58, 103-04, 109
and press and propaganda organization for SHAEF, 86
on supreme commander for OVERLORD, 24, 28
Visits Washington, October-November 1943, 28, 44, 108
Morgenthau, Henry J., Jr., 36, 341n, 342
Morning conferences, SHAEF. See Conferences, SHAEF morning.
Mortain, France, 187, 197, 206-08, 209, 211, 250, 304
Moscow, USSR, 62, 441, 442, 444, 458, 462, 466, 467, 484, 485, 486, 490, 491, 493, 494, 505, 527
Churchill’s visit, 406
conference of SHAEF representatives with Stalin in, 406-07, 406n
Moscow Conference (October 1943), 78n, 142, 144
Moselle River, 229, 246, 252, 303, 304, 317, 418, 422, 423, 425, 427
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 368, 376, 377, 383n
and Rhineland offensive planning, 409, 412, 414
Mountbatten, Admiral Lord Louis, 29n, 98n, 99, 274
Muirhead-Gould, Rear Adm. G. C., 501, 501n
MULBERRIES, 173-75
Munich, Germany, 291, 434, 435, 482
capture, 454-56
Murphy, Robert D., 15-16, 95, 95n, 485n. See also Political Officers, SHAEF.
Mussolini, Benito, 75, 85, 104, 473
–N–
Nachrichten für die Truppe, 161, 161n
Nation Belge, La, 330
National Redoubt, German, 435, 447, 448, 452, 456, 468
Naval Command, Allied. See Allied Naval Expeditionary Force.
Naval Division, SHAEF Mission (France), 321n
Naval Planning Branch, COSSAC, 46
Navy, British. See Royal Navy.
Navy, French, participation in OVERLORD, 47
and planning for OVERLORD, 46-47
Navy Group West, 177
NEPTUNE, 107-22, 129, 162. See also OVERLORD.
NEPTUNE Initial Joint Plan, 121-22
NEST EGG, 502
Netherlands, 154, 158, 177, 195, 244, 278, 295, 298, 319, 333, 374, 438, 450, 474n, 523
civil affairs, 79, 80, 138, 139, 334-36, 348, 350.
See also SHAEF Mission (Netherlands).
civil affairs agreement with, 139-40, 235, 320
food shortage, 334-36, 457-59, 477, 503
MARKET-GARDEN operation, 279-88
and propaganda broadcasts, 161, 336
surrender of German forces in, 450-51, 478, 480, 81, 502, 503
21 Army Group liaison with units of, 138
Vlissingen bombing proposal, 334
Netherlands Red Cross, 335
Nevins, Brig. Gen. Arthur S., 16, 68
Nicholls, Maj. Gen. L. B., 92
Nijmegen, Netherlands, 295, 301n, 306, 310n, 376, 421
airborne operations, 284-88, 300
planning for operations, 281-83, 297
Ninth Air Force, U.S., 93, 524
bombing of Caen, 189
and COBRA operation, 199
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378n
and disarmament of German forces, 500
and First Allied Airborne Army, 271
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 384n
and XII Tactical Air Command, 266
USSTAF responsibility for, 48
Vandenberg commands, 271n
Ninth U.S. Army, 447, 452, 454n. See also Simpson, Lt. Gen. William H.
becomes operational, 265
casualties, 303, 317, 422, 431
clearing of Brest peninsula, 265, 303
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 380, 391, 395, 409, 434, 436, 443
drive to the Elbe, 452-53, 472-73
drive to the Rhine, 311-12, 313, 417-18, 421-23, 430-31, 434
VIII Corps transferred to, 303
envelopment of the Ruhr, 437-40
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 363, 364, 367, 367n, 378, 380, 382-83
ordered into line between First and Third Armies, 303
and OSS detachments, 361n
and planning for advance into Germany, 310, 316, 318, 434, 436
returned to command of 12th Army Group, 439, 450, 451
Rhine crossing, 430-31
surrender of German forces to, 229, 481-82
NORDWIND, 397
Norfolk House, St. James’s Square, London, COSSAC organized at, 58
SHAEF opens at, 96
Normandy, 98, 117, 119, 134, 150, 154n, 179, 180, 183, 184, 190, 218, 219, 224, 227, 228, 246, 250, 254, 257, 264, 266, 276, 297, 306, 312, 313, 314, 336, 345, 353, 370, 384n, 424, 466, 520
advance command post established in, 181
air attacks, 185, 188-89, 199n
civil affairs administration, 231, 234, 235-36
French Resistance activities, 236, 238
German forces. 195-96
German reaction to Allied advance, 201-03
strength of Allied forces, 23 July 1944, 192-93
Normandy Campaign, 171-91
North Africa, 33, 35, 60, 61, 70, 76, 77, 86, 95, 96, 141, 152, 155, 178. See also Mediterranean theater.
campaign in, 34, 35, 36, 101-02
directive to First British Army commander in, 42
planning for invasion, 100-101
rearmament of French units, 102, 150-52, 323-24
2nd French Armored Division transferred from, 239
North African Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (NATOUSA), 266
Northern France Campaign, 192-217, 244-60
Northern Group of Armies, 265, 288, 417, 442. See also 21 Army Group.
Northwest African Air Forces, 48, 61, 65
Norway, 68, 138, 154, 336, 348, 411, 468, 523
civil affairs agreement with, 78-79, 80, 83, 139-40, 235, 320
and COCKADE planning, 106
liaison with Allied Land Forces (Norway), 139
liaison with SHAEF, 138
prisoners of war, 476
and propaganda broadcasts, 161
SHAEF mission to, 139, 509-11.
See also SHAEF Mission (Norway).
strength of German forces, 510, 510n
surrender of German forces, 476-77, 479, 480, 496, 502, 509-11
–O–
–O–
Oberbefehlshaber Nordwest (OB NORDWEST), 472n, 479, 480, 498. See also German units, Army Group H .
Oberbefehlshaber Süd (OB SÜD), 483, 500
Oberbefehlshaber Südost (OB SÜDOST), 472, 483
Oberbefehlshaber Südwest (OB SÜDWEST), 472, 478, 478n
Oberbefehlshaber West (OB WEST), 177, 177n, 194n, 472. See also Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschal Gerd von.
counterattack at Mortain, 207
defense of West Wall, 248
and disarmament of German forces, 499
Fifth Panzer Army attached to, 230n
in German command organization, 177
Kesselring commands, 429
Kluge commands, 194
Model commands, 212-13
and operations in Normandy, 194, 201, 207
and operations in southwestern France, 304
Rundstedt commands, 177, 245-46, 248
Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH), 175, 176, 176n, 177, 359n, 500n
Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine (OKM), 175-76, 499, 500-501
Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL), 175, 500
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), 175-76, 176n, 180, 486, 506n. See also Keitel, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm.
and Allied drive to the Elbe, 452
and Allied drive into southern Germany, 433
and Allied encirclement of the Ruhr, 438, 439, 440
archives, 497-99
arrest of members, 499
and control of operations at end of war, 472-74
defense of Berlin, 471
and disarmament of German forces, 497-500, 501
estimate of Allied intentions, 193
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 384
headquarters moved to Strub, 471, 471n
and mobile reserve, 179
northern and southern sections reunited, 496
and operations in Normandy, 201, 203, 210
and operations in southern France, 227-28
radio broadcast from Flensburg, 498
replaces Army Group G commander, 433
Rommel responsible to, 177
and strength of German forces evacuated from Denmark, 509n
and surrender of German forces on Bornholm, 509
and von Kluge’s removal as Commander-in-Chief West, 212-13
and West Wall defenses, 248
Winter takes control of Operations Staff B, 472n, 483
Occupation of Germany. See British Army of the Rhine; U.S. Forces of Occupation in Germany.
O’Connor, Lt. Gen. Sir Richard, 188
OCTAGON. See Quebec Conference (September 1944).
Oechsner, Fred, 87
Office of Strategic Services, 72, 476n
and French Resistance, 153-57
and German counteroffensive in Ardennes, 361, 361n
and psychological warfare, 84-85, 87
Office of War Information
and London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare, 85
and psychological warfare, 84-85, 87, 161
and unconditional surrender formula, 342
Oil
German shortage, 364, 364n, 372, 418, 429
as target for strategic bombing, 129, 130, 136, 273, 308-09, 316, 429
OKH. See Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH).
OKL. See Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL).
OKM. see Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine (OKM).
OKW. see Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW).
Operations Division, SHAEF. See G-3 Division, SHAEF.
Operations Division, War Department, 27, 34, 62, 99
Operations Staff B, OKW, 472n, 483
Organization Todt, 203, 509-10, 509n, 510n
Orne River, 106, 109, 122, 171, 173, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 187, 189, 196, 201, 208, 211, 213
OVERLORD, 58, 62, 138, 153, 156, 158, 254, 259, 266, 292, 304, 323. See also NEPTUNE.
airborne planning, 118-22
and ANVIL operation, 55, 109-17, 120, 218-23, 228
command of air forces, 43-45, 48, 123-27, 272-75.
See also Allied Expeditionary Air Forces.
command of ground forces in assault, 43-45, 49, 52, 109, 180-83, 198, 203-04
command of naval forces, 46-47
directive to Supreme Commander, 49-55
divisions for, 103, 106, 108, 111, 122, 171
final preparations for D Day, 158-70
junction of ANVIL, forces with units of, 228-29, 228n, 275
landing craft for, 109, 111-13
logistics planning, 73-74, 257, 267-68
railway bombing plan, 127-34
rehearsals, 166
release of information to French, 148-49
role of French forces, 150-51
security of plan, 88-99, 162-64
and Soviet offensive on Eastern Front, 53, 111
supreme commander for, 23-33, 31n, 40, 44n, 105
target date, 31, 53, 103, 106, 111, 167-70
OVERLORD Security Sub-Committee, 162
–P–
Pacific theater
First U.S. Army headquarters ordered to, 454
and landing craft, 116-17, 415
redeployment of U.S. forces to, 495
Soviet assistance in, 445, 468
Paget, Gen. Sir Bernard, 102
biographical sketch, 16
commands 21 Army Group, 33, 45, 49
and planning for cross-Channel attack, 98-99
Panzer divisions, 179, 181, 182, 189, 194, 195, 201, 207, 208, 210, 217, 246, 248, 283
Parachute troops, Allied, 120, 269. See also Airborne divisions, Allied.
Paris, France, 68, 151, 152, 173, 179, 191, 192, 196, 202, 206, 208, 209, 215, 217, 222, 228, 231, 235, 238, 244, 250, 251, 259, 260, 276, 319, 336, 337, 370, 370n, 397, 401n, 514, 527
bombing of Eisenhower’s train in, 385n
civil affairs supplies for, 257, 258
communication facilities, 520, 524
French Provisional Government established at, 325
Joint Rearmament Commission moved to, 324
liberation, 96, 239-43, 327, 353, 523
movement of Communications Zone headquarters to, 322-23
movement of French officers from Algiers to, 321
policy on transportation of civilians to, 321-22
Public Relations Division, SHAEF, established in, 522-23
SHAEF Mission (France) established in, 320
Partisans. See also French Resistance.
Austrian, 456
Czechoslovak, 454, 504, 505-06
Italian, 473
Yugoslav, 415
Pas-de-Calais, 179-80, 182, 193, 201, 207, 263, 299
and COCKADE planning, 106
defined, 180n
planning for capture, 250-52, 254, 260
and rocket launching sites, 134, 244, 250
Patch, Lt. Gen. Alexander M. See also Seventh U.S. Army.
biographical sketch, 16
commands Seventh U.S. Army, 227
drive to the Rhine, 425-27, 432
drive into southern Germany, 456
and operations in Alsace, 305, 318, 397, 400
and Stuttgart incident, 456, 459
surrender of German forces to, 482
Patton, Gen. George S., Jr., 35, 187, 245, 265, 292, 293, 314, 316, 380n, 387, 460, 525. See also Third U.S. Army.
biographical sketch, 16-17
commands Third Army, 183, 204, 261-63
and Czech Partisan uprising in Prague, 504
drive into Austria, 453-54
drive into Brittany, 205-06
drive to the Rhine, 418, 422, 424-26
drive on the Saar, 311, 318, 410, 426
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 376-77, 376n, 378n, 381-83, 383n, 385, 395
and liberation of Paris, 240n
and Lorraine campaign, 304
and Moselle River crossing, 255
and Normandy operations, 209-10, 211, 213-14
and planning for advance into Germany, 250-51, 252-53, 253n, 254, 255n, 258-59, 310, 410-11
policy on Third Army operations, 293n
on reduction of Brest, 259
and 2nd French Armored Division, 239
speech episode, 164-66
Peake, Charles B. P., 17, 95, 146n. See also Political Officers, SHAEF.
Personnel Division, SHAEF. Ste G-1 Division, SHAEF.
Pétain, Marshal Henri Philippe, 141
Philip, André, 143
Phillips, Col. Joseph B., 519
Phillips, William, 79, 95, 95n. See also Political Officers, SHAEF.
and aircraft for French Resistance activities, 155
biographical sketch, 17
and security of OVERLORD plan, 89
and unconditional surrender formula, 341
Pierlot, Hubert, 328, 329, 330, 331
Pilotless aircraft, 126, 134, 135, 136, 168. See also V weapons.
Plans Branch, G-3 Division, SHAEF, 347
PLUNDER, 430n
effectiveness, 105
Portal agent for CCS in, 48-49, 48n, 125
and railway bombing plan, 127, 128-29
and strategic bombing for OVERLORD, 123-27
and bomb lines, 463
and manpower crisis in Europe, 391
Soviet drive through, 418
21 Army Group liaison with units of, 138
Polish Armored Division, 193n, 215
Polish Government-in-exile, 463
Polish Parachute Brigade, 1st, 271, 282, 286, 287, 287n
Political Officers, SHAEF, 72, 95-96
and Dönitz government, 499
and recognition of French Provisional Government, 325
and unconditional surrender formula, 341
Political Warfare Executive, 72
and French Resistance, 154
and London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare, 85
and propaganda for northwest Europe, 85, 87
Portal, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Charles, 27n, 28n. See also British chiefs of Staff.
agent of CCS in POINTBLANK, 48-49, 48n, 125
on airborne divisions for OVERLORD assault, 118
biographical sketch, 17
on command of air forces in OVERLORD, 48, 124-25
and command of strategic air forces, 273
member British Chiefs of Staff Committee, 39
on operations in Istria, 219
on POINTBLANK, 105
and railway bombing plan, 128, 130, 132
Portsmouth, England, 167
advance command post at, 96-97, 171, 173, 198, 275, 276
and D-Day decision, 169
Post-Hostilities Planning Sub-Committee, 346
Post-Hostilities Planning Sub-Section, G-3 Division, SHAEF, 347
Potsdam Conference, 39
Pound, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley, 39
Prague, Czechoslovakia, 449
Partisan uprising, 486, 503-04, 505
SHAEF’s policy on advance to, 468-69, 503-08
and surrender of German forces, 479, 504-08, 506n
Press relations, 84, 86, 88-91, 223, 435, 519-28
Eisenhower’s press conference before D Day, 89 90
and German surrender at Reims, 493-94
in liberated countries, 336-37
Montgomery’s press conference after Ardennes fighting, 387-89
captured by Allies, 182, 189, 228, 292, 300, 301, 301n, 303, 305, 306, 312, 335, 367, 370, 396, 422, 423, 427, 440, 449, 454, 480, 530
captured by Germans, 348, 476, 482, 495, 510, 511
Propaganda. See Psychological warfare.
Provisional Government of the French Republic. See French Provisional Government.
Psychological warfare, 84-88, 102, 155, 161, 308, 336-37, 449
and ANVIL operation, 223
propaganda for Germany, 339-46
propaganda leaflets, 161, 345-46
safe-conduct pass, 344
Psychological Warfare Division, SHAEF, 70, 149, 521, 530. See also McClure, Brig, Gen. Robert A.
McClure heads, 84
organization and functions, 84, 86-88
and propaganda for Germany, 343-46
and public information activities in liberated countries, 336-37
Psychological Warfare Section, 12th Army Group, 344
Public Relations Council, SHAEF, 521
Public Relations Division, SHAEF, 530
activities, 519-28
Allen heads, 522
organization and functions, 84, 88-91
and transportation of civilians to Paris, 322
Publicity and Psychological Branch, COSSAC, 86
Publicity and Psychological Warfare Division, SHAEF. See G-6 Division, SHAEF.
Pyle, Ernie, 88
–Q–
QUADRANT. See Quebec Conference (August 1943).
Quebec Conference (August 1943), 39, 73, 107
and ANVIL planning, 103
and civil affairs, 79
and commander, AEAF, 48
and commander, Allied Naval Expeditionary Force, 46
and OVERLORD planning, 103, 108
and RANKIN planning, 104
and supreme commander for OVERLORD, 24, 28
Quebec Conference (September 1944), 39, 256
and Morgenthau plan for Germany, 342
and Southeast Asia Command, 274
and strategic air forces, 272-73
and zones of occupation, 349, 351, 464
Quesada, Maj. Gen. Elwood R., 199, 200
–R–
Radio Communications. See Communications; Messages.
Radio France, 523
Radio Luxembourg, 337, 345, 523, 524
Raeder, Grossadmiral Erich, 17, 176
Railway bombing plan, 126, 127-34, 136, 155. See also Strategic bombing, priorities for.
Railway Research Service, 131
Ramsay, Admiral Sir Bertram H., 492n. See also Allied Naval Commander-in-Chief, Expeditionary Force (ANCXF).
biographical sketch, 17
commands Allied Naval Expeditionary Force, 46-47, 275
and D Day, 166, 169-70, 171, 173
and Initial Joint Plan, 121
operational control of U.S. naval forces assumed by, 47
RANKIN, 58, 104-05, 106, 143, 153, 339, 510n
Ray, Cyril, 526
Rearmament, French. See France, rearmament of forces.
Rearmament Division, SHAEF Mission (France), 321n, 324, 324n
Reber, Samuel, 18, 95-96, 95n, 325. See also Political Officers, SHAEF.
Records, German, 497-99, 500, 515
Red Air Force, 462-63
Red Army, 218, 219, 247, 247n, 273, 302, 315, 340, 343, 432, 436, 441, 448, 449, 451, 452, 475
advance to Berlin, 418, 434, 442, 446, 470-71, 472-74, 481
and bomb lines, 462-63
drive into Czechoslovakia, 468
and German surrender negotiations, 474n, 478, 479, 481, 483, 484, 486, 490
junction with Western Allied forces, 453-54, 467, 469, 477, 527
liaison with, 461-69
occupation of Bornholm, 508-09
operations on Eastern Front, 246-47, 392, 396
proposal for link-up in Austria, 406, 406n
and Schleswig-Holstein, 446, 450
and Soviet-Western Allied boundary, 454, 465-69, 504-05
and surrender ceremony at Berlin, 490-93
and surrender of German forces in Czechoslovakia, 503-08
Western Allied plans for link-up with, 465-69
winter offensive on Eastern Front, 396, 405-07, 411, 412, 416, 418, 427, 434
withdrawal of forces from Czechoslovakia, 507-08
Red Cross, 322, 334, 335, 457, 476
Red Lion Route, 284
REDLINE, 278
Redman, Maj. Gen. Harold, 18, 237, 320
Reims, France, 258, 277, 304, 374
German liaison party at, 497
German surrender at, 358, 454, 483-90, 492, 493-94, 495, 496, 497, 500, 502, 503, 504, 505, 509, 510, 527
SHAEF Forward moves to, 419-20
SHAEF moves to Frankfurt from, 513
Remagen, Germany, 367n, 423-24, 423n, 429, 435, 436n, 438
Rendulic, Generaloberst Dr. Lothar, 478
Replacement Army, German, See German Replacement Army.
Replacements, infantry, 306, 325, 383, 391, 392, 416
Reserve, SHAEF. See Strategic reserve, SHAEF.
Resistance forces. See French Resistance.
Rhine River, 193, 204, 279, 287, 291, 292, 295, 304, 305, 309, 310, 310n, 318, 334, 335, 436, 438, 439, 440, 445, 447, 449, 452, 456, 469, 512
airborne operation in crossing, 431
Allied crossings, 275, 423-33, 434-35
Allied drive to, 310-11, 312, 417, 418, 419, 420-33, 436n
Allied pursuit stopped short of, 244-60
and German attack in Alsace, 397, 401, 404
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 359, 360n, 361-62, 363, 364, 365, 367, 367n, 368-69, 376, 377, 395, 396
Remagen bridge capture, 423-24, 435
and Rhineland offensive planning, 249-56, 253n, 281, 284, 291-92, 294, 295-96, 298, 302, 312-17, 405, 409-10, 411-14, 434
and zones of occupation, 351
Rhineland Campaign, 279-301, 302-18, 385-93, 417-18, 420-33, 442
Rhône River, 219, 223, 228, 229, 238, 244, 324
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 472, 475
Ridgway, Maj. Gen. Matthew B., 395
Ripka, Hubert, 504
Robb, Air Marshal James M., 62n, 128n, 383n
appointed Chief of Staff (Air), SHAEF, 275
biographical sketch, 18
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 386n
as Deputy Chief of Staff (Air), SHAEF, 65
and German surrender at Reims, 488
and railway bombing plan, 131
Robbins, Brigadier T., 82
Rocket launching sites, 250, 252
bombing of, 123, 125, 126, 134-37, 135n, 160, 252n
Canadian forces overrun, 244
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 364, 366, 368, 369-70, 370n, 372, 396
operations against dams, 317-18, 368, 417, 420-22
Rokossovski, Marshal Konstantin K., 418
Rommel, Generalfeldmarschall Erwin, 61, 194, 248, 388
biographical sketch, 18
and command authority in west, 177-80
death, 194
forces available to, on D Day, 179n
Rooks, Maj. Gen. Lowell W., biographical sketch, 19
deputy chief G-3 Division, SHAEF, 68, 390
and disarmament of German forces, 497-99
Roosevelt, Col. Elliott, 31n, 32n
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 109, 131, 387, 527
on Allied failure to reach Rhine, 315
on ANVIL, 114-15, 221-22, 224-25
and Balkan operations, 415
and capture of Berlin, 441, 442, 443, 445
and civil affairs administration, 77, 79, 141, 143-45, 146-49
and command of armed forces, 36-37
and cross-Channel attack, 101
and defense of Strasbourg, 400-401
de Gaulle invited to Washington by, 232-33, 235
and Dutch food shortage, 334
and French Committee of National Liberation, 141, 143-45, 146-49, 151, 231, 232-33, 234, 235, 325
and French rearmament, 150
and German surrender negotiations, 475
at international conferences with CCS, 39, 39n, 102
and invasion currency, 233
and liberation of Paris, 239
and manpower crisis, 392
and military government for Germany, 354-55
and Morgenthau plan for Germany, 342
and Pacific alternative, 101
and political officer at SHAEF, 95
and psychological warfare, 84-85
and RANKIN, 143
and release Of OVERLORD information to French, 148-49
and Soviet conference with SHAEF representatives, 406
and supreme commander for OVERLORD, 23-33, 31n, 32n, 34
and TORCH operation, 101
unconditional surrender formula, 339-43
and zones of occupation, 139, 349-51, 464-65
Rothwell, Lt. Col. H. J., 529n
Routh, Dennis, 87
Royal Air Force. See also Portal, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Charles.
and abolition of AEAF, 274-75
and command organization for OVERLORD, 43
and command of strategic air forces, 273-74
and First Allied Airborne Army, 271
and propaganda leaflets, 161, 161n
Royal Air Force Bomber Command, 45, 48n, 70, 188n, 274. See also Harris, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Arthur T.
bombing of Caen, 185, 189, 199n
bombing of Caumont, 199n
bombing of Düren, Germany, 311n
bombing of Falaise, 199n
and CROSSBOW, 134
and POINTBLANK, 104
and railway bombing plan, 130, 131, 132-34, 134n
and strategic bombing for OVERLORD, 124-26, 309
Royal Air Force Coastal Command, 123, 124
Royal Air Force Fighter Command, 48, 48n, 99, 123
Royal Air Force Malta Air Command, 61
Royal Air Force Middle East, 61
Royal Air Force North Africa, 65
Royal Air Force Tactical Air Force, 48
Royce, Maj. Gen. Ralph, 271n
Ruhr Valley, 221, 282, 290, 300, 389, 396, 407, 418, 429, 441, 449, 452
Allied drive to the Rhine north of, 430, 434-35, 436n
in broad front strategy, 249-50, 253-54, 259, 291-98, 312-13, 316, 318, 386, 409-10, 412, 413, 414, 434-36
double envelopment of, 291, 310, 436-40, 436n
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 359, 363-64, 372
industrial importance to Germany, 309, 434-35
and zones of occupation, 351
Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von, 303, 304, 418. See also Oberbefehlshaber West (OB WEST).
appointed Commander-in-Chief West, 177, 246, 248
Army Group G established by, 178
biographical sketch, 19
capture, 483
control of armored units, 178-79
and defense of West Wall, 248
forces available to, on D Day, 179
and German counteroffensive in Alsace, 404
and German counteroffensive in Ardennes, 359-60, 364, 367, 368, 369, 372, 375, 384, 385, 387-88, 395, 396
replaced by Kesselring, 429
replaced by von Kluge, 194
Rommel’s relationship with, 177-78
Ryan, Brig. Gen. Cornelius E., 80
–S–
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 377, 381, 383
offensive against, 311, 317-18, 376n, 410, 426, 427
planning for drive to, 252, 254, 258, 260, 290, 413
and zones of occupation, 351
St. Lô, France, 173, 182, 190, 196, 197, 197n, 198, 199, 200, 244
battle for, 183, 184, 186, 188, 192
bombing, 199n
Salmuth, Generaloberst Hans von, 179n, 299
Sargent, Sir Orme, 85n
Sarnoff, Brig. Gen. David, 519
SCAEF. See Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force.
Schelde Estuary, 254, 254n, 256, 282, 295, 296, 298-301, 306, 310, 313, 334
Schelienberg, Brigadeführer Walter, 476-77
Schleswig-Holstein, 446, 450, 480, 481, 498
Schmidt, General der Infanterie Hans, 483
Schmieden, Dr. Werner von, 475
Schoerner, Generalfeldmarschall Ferdinand, 474, 499
biographical sketch, 19
and surrender of German forces in Bohemia, 478, 483, 486, 505-06, 505n
Schulz, General der Infanterie Friedrich, 433, 482, 483
Schwartz, General, 400
Scottish Command, 510
SD (Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers SS), 508, 508n
Second British Army, 198, 290, 295, 304, 447. See also Dempsey, Gen. Miles C.
activation, 49n
and advance into Belgium, 251-52
clearing of Schelde estuary, 298, 299-300
Dempsey commands, 49
drive to the Rhine, 421
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 367, 367n, 378
and MARKET-GARDEN operation, 282, 287
operations in the Netherlands, 298, 299-300, 311
operations in Normandy, 181-91, 200-201, 209, 216, 217
and planning for advance into Germany, 255n, 291, 295
Rhine River crowing, 430-31
2nd Tactical Air Force. See Tactical Air Force, 2nd (British).
Secretary, General Staff, SHAEF, 62-63, 63n, 91, 275, 444n
Secretary, General Staff, War Department, 62
Secretary of the Navy. See Knox, Frank.
Secretary of the Treasury. See Morgenthau, Henry J., Jr.
Secretary of War. See Stimson, Henry L.
Seine River, 68, 132, 179, 179n, 194n, 218, 228, 238, 239, 244, 245, 249, 250, 252, 259, 260, 276, 277, 283, 304
Allied advance to, 192, 193, 193n, 196, 197, 204, 206, 209-17
planning for airborne operation at, 209-10, 279
prediction of date for reaching, 257
Selborne, Lord, 155
Services of Supply, European Theater of Operations, 74, 267.
See also Communications Zone, Headquarters.
Seventh U.S. Army, 403, 447, 526. See also Patch, Lt. Gen. Alexander M.
controlled by 6th Army Group, 266
drive to the Rhine, 318, 425-27
drive to the Saar, 317-18, 425-27
drive into southern Germany, 454-56
drive on Strasbourg, 311
and French Resistance activities, 238
and German counteroffensive in Alsace, 397-98, 401, 403-04
invasion of southern France, 227
junction with Fifth Army, 456
junction with Third Army, 228-29, 304
Moselle River crossing, 304
Patch commands, 227
Rhine River crossing, 432-33
and Stuttgart incident, 454-56, 459-60
surrender of German forces to, 482-83, 500
Sevez, Maj. Gen. François, 487, 487n, 488
SEXTANT. See Cairo Conference.
Seyss-Inquart, Arthur, 336n, 474n
and Canadian operations in the Netherlands, 451, 457-58
negotiations with Allies, 457-59, 477, 478, 480
SFHQ. See Special Force Headquarters (SFHQ.).
SHAEF. See Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force.
SHAEF Mission (Belgium), 139, 532, 533
and Belgian food shortage, 332-33
and Belgian Resistance forces, 330-32
and civil affairs in Luxembourg, 333-34
dissolution, 513
establishment, 328-29
SHAEF Mission (Denmark), 532, 533
dissolution, 513
establishment, 139
and surrender of German forces, 508-09
SHAEF Mission (France), 139, 323, 532, 533. See also Lewis, Maj. Gen. John T.
dissolution, 513
and French Provisional Government, 325
and French rearmament, 324
SHAEF Mission (Luxembourg), 333-34
SHAEF Mission (Netherlands), 532, 533
dissolution, 513
and Dutch food shortage, 335
SHAEF Mission (Norway), 508, 532, 533
dissolution, 513
and surrender of German forces in Norway, 509-11
SHELLBURST, 276
SHIPMATE, 275n
Sibert, Brig. Gen. Edwin L., 369n, 371
Sibley, Col. Alden K., 320
campaign in, 61, 101, 104, 108, 120
civil affairs administration, 80-81
decision for invasion, 103, 112
Siegfried Line, 246, 253, 254, 255, 257, 282, 283, 294, 311, 417. See also West Wall.
Signal Division, SHAEF, 92, 264, 277
Signal Service Battalion, 3118th, 97
Simonds, Lt. Gen. G. G., 300n
commands 2nd Canadian Corps, 200
and clearing of Schelde estuary, 300, 301n
and operations in Falaise-Argentan Pocket, 215
Simpson, Lt. Gen. William H., 446, 452. See also Ninth U.S. Army.
and attack on Brest, 303
biographical sketch, 19-20
commands Ninth Army, 265
conference with Eisenhower and Bradley, 422
drive to the Elbe, 452
drive to the Rhine, 310, 417, 421-22
drive to the Roer, 317
and envelopment of the Ruhr, 437, 439, 440
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 380, 381, 395
and Ninth Army crossing of the Rhine, 430-31
and surrender of Group Elster, 229
Sinclair, Sir Archibald, 274
6th Army Group, U.S., 248n, 256, 302, 304, 305, 389, 522. See also Devers, Gen. Jacob L.
command of ANVIL/DRAGOON forces assumed by, 229, 266
controls operations of First French Army, 229
counterattack in Alsace, 402-04
drive into Austria, 454-56
drive to the Rhine, 425-27
drive on Strasbourg, 311
and French military government teams, 353
and German counteroffensive in Alsace, 397-98
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 376
and German withdrawal cast of the Rhine, 425
and planning for advance into Germany, 294, 434, 436
Rhine River crossings, 432-33
and Stuttgart incident, 459-60
surrender of German forces to, 479, 480, 482-83, 500
Twelfth Air Force transferred to support of, 416
Ski sites. See Rocket launching sites.
Skorzeny, SS Obersturmbannführer Otto, 367, 367n, 380, 385n
SLEDGEHAMMER, 100-101
Smith, Maj. Gen. C. M., 73
Smith, Lt. Gen. Walter Bedell, 29, 29n, 33, 41, 62n, 71, 108, 279, 326
biographical sketch, 20
and Chief Administrative Officer, SHAEF, 64
as chief of staff of ETOUSA, 62, 74
as chief of staff of SHAEF, 62-63
Churchill’s relationship with, 41, 63
on civil affairs, 81, 82n, 144, 145, 232, 235
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378, 386, 386n
and COSSAC chief, 63-64
and D-Day decision, 169-70
and defense of Strasbourg, 400, 401
and de Gaulle’s message to French on D Day, 149
on Eisenhower’s taking direct command on Continent, 264
and French participation in ANVIL, 151
and French participation in OVERLORD, 63, 151
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 364, 365n, 374, 374n, 375n, 378, 381, 383n
and German surrender, 485-89, 485n, 496
and invasion currency, 232, 235
and Joint Intelligence Committee (SHAEF), 72
at Malta Conference, 413-14
and MARKET-GARDEN operation, 284
and military government for Germany, 353, 355
and movement of organizations into Paris, 321-23
negotiations with Seyss-Inquart, 458-59, 477, 478
and organization of SHAEF, 59-60, 62-64
and OVERLORD plan, 107-09
on personnel for SHAEF, 530, 532
and political officers for SHAEF, 95
and press relations, 520, 521, 522, 525
and railway bombing plan, 132
and SHAEF missions, 139
and SHAEF strategy for defeat of Germany, 413-14
and single ground force commander, 390
and supply controversy, 267-68
and unconditional surrender formula, 340
Snow, Brigadier A. E., 503
Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B., 27n, 393
Southeast Asia Command, 274, 275n
Southern France. See France, southern.
Southern Group of Armies, 452. See also 6th Army Group, U.S.
Soviet Air Force, 462-63
Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Spaatz, Gen. Carl, 65, 197. See also U.S. Strategic Air Forces (USSTAF).
on aircraft for Resistance activities, 155
biographical sketch, 20
and bomb lines, 463
commands USSTAF, 48-49, 124, 273-74
on defeat of Germany by airpower, 127, 127n
on German air strength, 315-16
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 375
and German surrender, 487, 491, 492
and oil bombing plan, 129-30
promotion recommended by Eisenhower, 379
and railway bombing plan, 127, 130
and strategic bombing priorities, 309, 429
Special Air Service, 154, 155, 238, 329, 450
Special Force Headquarters (SFHQ)
estimate of French Resistance strength, 238
and French Resistance, 153-57, 236-38
Special Intelligence Services, 155
Special Operations Branch, OSS, 153-57
Special Operations Executive (SOE), 152-57
Special Staff Divisions, SHAEF, 91-96
Speidel, Generalleutnant Hans, 213n
Sperrle, Generalfeldmarschall Hugo, 177
SPRING, 197n
Stagg, Group Captain J. M., 168, 169
Stalin, Marshal Joseph. See also Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
and Allied plans for advance into Germany, 441, 444
on Balkan operations, 406-07
channels of communication with, 462
conference with SHAEF representatives, 405-07, 445n
on defense of Strasbourg, 407
and German surrender negotiations, 475-76, 477
on link-up of forces in Austria, 406, 406n
proposal for an Allied advance through Switzerland, 406
and Soviet winter offensive, 405-07, 406n, 434
and supreme commander for OVERLORD, 30-31, 31n
and unconditional surrender formula, 343
and V-E Day, 494
and zones of occupation, 464-66
Stark, Admiral Harold R., 39n, 152n
and French Committee of National Liberation, 141n
and London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare, 85n
and naval planning for OVERLORD, 46-47
STARKEY, 106
State Department, 131, 485n. See also Hull, Cordell; Stettinius, Edward R., Jr.
and aircraft for Resistance activities, 156
and civil affairs administration, 75
and civil affairs agreements, 79, 142, 143-44, 235
and defense of Strasbourg, 401
and Dönitz government of Germany, 499
and French Committee of National Liberation, 232
and inter-zonal boundaries, 465
and London Coordinating Committee for Political Warfare, 65
and military government for Germany, 347, 353
and political officers for SHAEF, 95, 96
and propaganda for Germany, 344
and psychological warfare, 85, 87
and recognition of French Provisional Government, 325
and SHAEF press relations, 521
and unconditional surrender formula, 340-42
and withdrawal of Allied troops from Czechoslovakia, 507
and zones of occupation, 350
Stearns, Col. Cuthbert P., 83
Steel, Christopher, 96
Steiner, Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen SS Felix, 471
Stettinius, Edward R., Jr., 340, 464
Stewart, Sir Findlater, 162
Stimson, Henry L., 36, 144. See also War Department.
on Eisenhower’s taking direct command on Continent, 264
and military government for Germany, 354
and Morgenthau plan for Germany, 342
and Patton episode, 166
on Ruhr industrial facilities, 439
on supreme commander for OVERLORD, 24-25
and unconditional surrender formula, 340
Strasbourg, France, 258, 294, 314, 318, 365, 393
capture, 311
question of defense, 397, 398-402, 401n, 407
Strategic air forces. See Air forces, Allied strategic; Eighth Air Force, U.S.; Fifteenth Air Force, U.S.; Royal Air Force Bomber Command; U.S. Strategic air Forces (USSTAF).
Strategic bombing, 103, 104, 105, 123-34, 136, 155, 158, 275, 427-29. See also POINTBLANK; Railway bombing plan.
attack on Düren, Germany, 311
priorities, for 237, 308-09, 316, 429
Strategic reserve, SHAEF, 397, 398, 402, 407, 436n, 532
Strategy, Allied, 50-52, 99, 249-56, 281, 288-98, 312-17, 407-16, 433, 434-36, 441-47
Strength, Allied, 180, 180n, 182, 192-93, 192n, 248, 248n, 411, 427, 510, 542, 543
Strength, German, 182, 182n, 205, 248, 282-83, 306, 411, 427, 508-09, 509n, 510, 510n
Strong, Maj. Gen. Kenneth W. D., 57, 283. See also G-2 Division, SHAEF.
biographical sketch, 20
as chief, G-2 Division, SHAEF, 71-73
and defense of Strasbourg, 401
estimate of German situation, October 1944, 306
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 363, 365, 365n, 369, 371n, 374n, 386n
and German surrender, 485-87, 488n, 491
negotiations with Seyss-Inquart, 458
and strategic bombing targets, 309
Student, Generaloberst Kurt, 20-21, 284, 360n, 419n
Stumpff, Generaloberst Hans Jürgen, 472, 491, 492, 500
Supply, 304, 307, 309, 314, 322
allocation of gasoline, 251, 254, 256, 258
and attack on Schmidt, 311
and battles of attrition, 305, 306
civil affairs requirements, 257, 332-33
and drive to the Elbe, 452
as factor in halt of pursuit short of Rhine, 256-60
for French forces, 323
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 384, 392
and MARKET-GARDEN operation, 283-84
organization for OVERLORD, 73-74, 267-68, See also Communications Zone, Headquarters; European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (ETOUSA); G-4 Division, SHAEF.
and planning for advance into Germany, 251, 253-56, 292, 294, 296, 297, 315
situation in Normandy, 193
Somervell’s inspection of system in Europe, 393
and Stuttgart incident, 459-61
Supply Division, SHAEF. See G-4 Division, SHAEF.
Supreme Allied Commander (SAC). See Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force.
Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Theater (SACMED), 60, 248, 328. See also Mediterranean theater.
Alexander appointed, 415
and ANVIL planning, 53-55, 112, 115, 116-17, 218-25
and civil affairs, 223
directive to, for operations in support of OVERLORD, 116-17, 222-23, 225-26
directive to, for transfer of forces to Northwest Europe, 416
and French Resistance, 154, 154n
and planning to end war with Germany in 1944, 307
and transfer of command of ANVIL forces to SHAEF, 229, 266
Wilson appointed, 32
Supreme Command of French Forces, 153, 276, 514. See also French Army.
Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, 32n, 60n, 307. See also Eisenhower, General of the Army Dwight D.
assumes command of ANVIL/DRAGOON forces, 229
assumes command at SHAEF, 55
assumes direct command on Continent, 261-65
and command during OVERLORD assault, 43-45, 52, 66
Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force.
advance command posts, 96-97, 171, 173, 181, 198, 275-78, 419-20
AFHQ’s contribution to, 56-58
dissolution, 495, 495n, 502, 508, 509, 511-15
Eisenhower assumes command, 55
and inter-Allied committees, 96
location, 96-97, 264-65, 275-78, 322, 419-20, 513
organization, 66-96
personnel, 529-33
strength of headquarters at Frankfurt, Germany, 513
Supreme Headquarters Advance Conference Establishments, 419, 419n
Surrender of Germany. See Act of Military Surrender; Germany, surrender of.
Susloparoff, Maj. Gen. Ivan
and Germany surrender negotiations, 480, 484, 485, 487
and German surrender at Reims, 487-88, 490
negotiations with Seyss-Inquart, 458
Sutton, Brigadier E. A., 93
Sweden
and Dutch food shortage, 334-35, 457
and evacuation of Soviet displaced persons from Norway, 511
and German surrender negotiations, 477, 480
negotiations for release of Norwegian and Danish prisoners to, 476
Swedish Red Cross, 334, 457, 476
Switzerland, 230, 244, 246, 296, 297, 302, 360n, 427, 454
Switzerland—Continued
and Dutch food shortage, 457
and negotiations for surrender of German forces in Italy, 475
Stalin’s proposal for an advance through, 406
SWORD Beach, 171
SWORDHILT, 204
SYMBOL. See Casablanca Conference.
–T–
Tables of Organization for SHAEF, 529
Tactical Air Commands, U.S.
Tactical Air Force, 2nd (British), 275
and air support in OVERLORD assault, 126-27
and Rhine River crossings, 431
Tactical air forces. See Air forces, Allied tactical; Allied Expeditionary Air Force; Ninth Air Force, U.S.; Tactical Air Commands, U.S.; Tactical Air Force, 2nd (British).
TALISMAN, 347n
Tanks, 247. See also Armored forces, Allied.
in European operations, 98
German, 208n, 246, 283, 292, 304, 306
Tedder, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur W., 63, 197, 273
and air support in battle for Caen, 184, 188
and airborne planning, 210, 279, 280
on aircraft for Resistance activities, 155
biographical sketch, 21
at commander’s conferences, 255, 316
conference with Stalin in Moscow, 62, 406-07
and coordination of strategic and tactical air forces, 124-25, 126-27, 275
and Czech Brigade’s movement into Czechoslovakia, 506
and D-Day decision, 169-70, 170n
and defense of Strasbourg, 398
as Deputy Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, 60-62, 123, 398-91
and dissolution of SHAEF, 514
on Eisenhower’s taking direct command on Continent, 264
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 375
German estimate of, 61
and German surrender ceremony at Berlin, 491-92, 492n, 493n
ground officer proposed as replacement for, 398-91
on organizing an integrated Allied command, 56
and planning for advance into Germany, 316
and strategic bombing priorities, 127, 128-30, 131-32, 309
Tedder plan. See Railway bombing plan.
and ANVIL planning, 111, 114, 218
and supreme commander for OVERLORD, 30-31
and target date for OVERLORD, 167
Tennant, Admiral William G., 225
TERMINAL. See Potsdam Conference.
Theater Intelligence Section (TIS), 72
Third U.S. Army, 165-66, 183, 187, 201, 230, 245, 292, 293, 379n, 447, 525, 526. See also Patton, Gen. George S., Jr.
assigned to 12th Army Group, 204, 261-63
becomes operational, 261-63
casualties, 396, 396n, 426, 454
and Czech Partisan uprising in Prague, 504
detachment of Czech Brigade from, 507
drive into Austria, 453-54, 456
drive into Brittany, 198, 204-06, 244, 252, 259-60, 303
drive into Czechoslovakia, 453-54, 456
drive to the Rhine, 404, 417-18, 418n, 422, 424, 425, 426, 432, 433
drive to the Saar, 317-18, 426
VIII Corps transferred to Ninth Army from, 303
and French Resistance activities, 238
gasoline allocation to, 254, 258
and German counterattack at Mortain, 208
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 365-66, 376, 377, 378-85, 383n, 393, 395
and German withdrawal east of the Rhine, 425n
junction with ANVIL/DRAGOON units, 228-29, 304
junction with Red Army, 454
and liberation of Paris, 241
Moselle River crossing, 255
operations in Falaise-Argentan Pocket, 209-11, 213-14, 216
operations in Lorraine, 244, 249-51, 254-56, 258-59, 284, 303-05, 311, 317-18
and OSS detachments, 361n
Patton’s policy on operations for, 293n
and planning for advance into Germany, 250-53, 254-55, 258-60, 294, 310, 409
reaches Seine, 257
Rhine crossing at Oppenheim, 426
2nd French Armored Division attached to, 239
Thorne, Gen. Sir Andrew, 193, 510-11, 510n
TINDALL, 106
Todt organization. See Organization Todt.
TOPFLIGHT, 519
TORCH, 100-101
TOTALIZE, 197n
TRACTABLE, 197n
TRANSFIGURE, 209
Transportation bombing plan. See Railway bombing plan.
Treasury Department. See also Morgenthau, Henry J., Jr.
and civil affairs agreement with France, 235
and military government for Germany, 353, 354
TRIDENT. See Washington Conference (May 1943).
Trimble, Col. Ford, 62, 63n, 508n
Troop Carrier Command, IX, 204, 271, 280
Truman, Harry S., 358
and German surrender at Reims, 477, 493-94
and Stuttgart incident, 460-61
and zones of occupation, 469
Truscott, Lt. Gen. Lucian K., 229
Twelfth Air Force, U.S., 266, 416
12th Army Group, U.S., 181, 201, 228, 244, 249, 287, 302, 303, 380n, 389, 436n, 506. See also Bradley, Gen. Omar N.
becomes operational, 204, 261-63
and Belgian Army units, 330
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378-81, 409, 436
drive to the Elbe, 451-54
drive to the Rhine, 417-18, 418n, 425
envelopment of the Ruhr, 291, 298, 436-40
and First Allied Airborne Army, 269
1st Army Group renamed as, 183, 261n
and French Resistance, 154
gasoline allocations, 251, 254
and German counteroffensive in Ardennes, 359, 363-65, 365n, 366, 366n, 369, 369n, 370n, 371, 374, 376, 377, 383
and liberation of Paris, 240, 242, 258
main offensive east of the Rhine assigned to, 436
and main thrust to Rhine, 310-11
and MARKET-GARDEN operation, 281
and military government for Germany, 356
and Montgomery’s command of operations, 203-04, 261-64
and Montgomery’s press conference after Ardennes fighting, 387-88
and Ninth Army mission, 303
Ninth Army returned to control of, 439, 443, 451
operations in Falaise-Argentan Pocket, 214, 214n, 215-16, 217
and OSS detachments, 361n
and planning for advance into Germany, 250-53, 254, 255, 291, 293, 294, 296, 298, 310, 312-17, 434-36
psychological warfare teams, 343-44
and Radio Luxembourg, 337
and reduction of Brest, 256
and Remagen Bridge capture, 424
supply responsibility, 267
and Supreme Headquarters’ move to Versailles, 276
21 Army Group. British, 64, 70, 71, 97, 120, 204, 208n, 209, 213, 268, 305, 350, 389, 443, 485, 531. See also British Army of the Rhine; Montgomery, Field Marshal Sir Bernard L.
activation, 49n
and air support in OVERLORD assault, 126
and airborne planning, 210, 280-84, 287-88
arrest of members of Dönitz government and OKW, 499
casualties, 301n
and civil affairs, 82-83, 138-39, 147, 150, 231, 233, 335
clearing of Schelde estuary, 256, 298-301
and command of operations in Northern France, 197-98, 204, 261-64
and command of OVERLORD assault, 109, 180-83, 198, 204
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378-81, 378n, 386, 388, 389, 391, 395, 409, 436
and criticism of Montgomery in battle for Caen, 183-91
Czech Independent Armored Brigade attached to, 503
directive to, for OVERLORD assault, 45, 66, 107
disarmament of German forces in Schleswig-Holstein, 498
and dissolution of SHAEF, 514
drive to the Elbe, 450-51, 452, 473
drive to Lübeck, 451
drive to the Rhine, 423
and First Allied Airborne Army, 269, 272
and First U.S. Army, 294, 295-96
and French Resistance, 154
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 363, 366n, 369, 376, 383
and German surrender negotiations, 480-81
and Initial Joint Plan, 121
and invasion currency, 233
liaison with governments-in-exile, 138-39
LUCKY STRIKE operation, 197n
and MARKET-GARDEN operation, 302
and military government for Germany, 356
Montgomery commands, 33, 49, 57
negotiations with Seyss-Inquart, 458
and operations in Falaise-Argentan Pocket, 214, 216, 217
and OVERLORD plan, 107, 108-09, 121
Paget commands, 49
and planning for advance into Germany, 434, 436, 441, 442
and planning for the breakout, 196-98, 197n
and psychological warfare, 87
and railway bombing plan, 127
Rhine River crossing, 429-31
and single thrust versus broad front strategy, 250-52, 259, 260, 289-98, 310, 312-17, 318, 410, 411
and Soviet occupation of Bornholm, 509
and supply planning, 73, 257, 257n
and 12th Army Group, 204, 380n
–U–
Unconditional surrender formula, 36, 95, 339-43, 344, 357, 457, 474n, 476, 477, 480, 481, 482, 485, 486, 490
UNDERTONE, 425n
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 220, 249, 302, 339, 365n. See also Red Army; Stalin, Marshal Joseph.
and abolition of Dönitz government, 499
and Allied Control Council 512, 514
Allied military missions to, 461-62
and Allied planning for cross-Channel attack, 53, 99, 100, 101, 111
and Allied plans for advance into Germany, 441, 444, 469
and boundary for junction of Soviet and Western Allied forces, 454, 465-69, 504-05
and capture of Berlin, 441, 442, 444-45
and CCAC pre-surrender directive for Germany, 347
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics—Continued
and censorship of communications before D Day, 147, 163
channels of communication with, 444, 444n, 465-66
and civil affairs agreements, 79, 140
conference with SHAEF representatives, 405-07
and Dutch food shortage, 457-58
and European Advisory Commission, 78
and German surrender ceremony at Berlin, 485-86, 489, 490-94
and German surrender negotiations, 475, 476, 477, 478, 480, 481, 484
and German surrender at Reims, 485-87, 489-90
and military government for Germany, 352, 495
and occupation of Berlin, 445n
participation in Japanese war, 445, 468
recognizes French Provisional Government, 325
and SHAEF control parties, 497, 500
and SHAEF press relations, 521-22
and surrender of German forces in Czechoslovakia, 503-08
and surrender of German forces in Denmark, 508-09
and surrender of German forces in Norway, 508, 510
and target date for OVERLORD, 167
and unconditional surrender formula, 341, 343
withdrawal of forces into zones of occupation, 514
withdrawal of Red Army forces from Czechoslovakia, 507-08
and zones of occupation, 349-51, 445, 461, 463-65, 510, 514
United Nations, San Francisco conference of, 487n, 507
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), 348, 348n, 513, 532
United Services Organization (USO), 89
Unity of command. See Command, unified.
UNRRA, See United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration.
U.S. Army Forces in the British Isles (USAFBI), 99
U.S. Chiefs of Staff. See Joint Chiefs of Staff.
U.S. Forces European Theater (USFET), 513, 514-15, 532. See also European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (ETOUSA).
U.S. Forces of Occupation in Germany, 358, 495, 514
U.S. Group Control Council, 96, 351, 352, 354, 530. See also Allied Control Council.
U.S. Military Mission to Moscow. See Military Mission to Moscow, U.S.
U.S. Naval forces in Europe, 39n, 46-47, 141n
USSR. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
U.S. Strategic Air Forces (USSTAF), 30, 31n, 32, 32n, 70, 276, 521. See also Spaatz, Gen. Carl.
and abolition of AEAF, 275
administrative control of Ninth Air Force, 48, 73
and command shift during German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 378n
and command of strategic air forces, 273
establishment, 48
and oil plan for strategic bombing, 129, 130, 136
and railway bombing plan, 127, 130, 131, 132-34
and strategic bombing for OVERLORD, 124-126
and strategic bombing priorities, 309
strategic direction under Portal, 48n
and supply responsibility, 267
U.S. Weather Services, 169
–V–
V weapons, 134-37, 134n, 160, 250, 252n, 332
Vandenberg, Lt. Gen. Hoyt S., 21, 271n
VARSITY, 431
VERITABLE, 417
Versailles, France, 487
Churchill’s visit, 400-401
commanders’ conference at, 294-95, 296
SHAEF Forward moves to Reims from, 419
Supreme Headquarters moves to, 276-78
Supreme Headquarters moves to Frankfurt from, 513
Vian, Rear Adm. Sir Philip L., 47, 173
air raids, 104
proposal for link-up of Soviet-Allied forces at, 406
Vietinghof genannt Scheel, Generaloberst Heinrich Gottfried von, 478, 478n
Vishinsky, Andrei Y., 491, 492
Voice of SHAEF, 161, 336, 336n, 344
Voir, 337
Volks Grenadier divisions, 303, 368, 370
Volkssturm, 346, 375, 404, 425, 448, 479
Vosges Mountains, 238, 244, 246, 258, 305
and German counteroffensive in Alsace, 397-98, 400, 401, 403
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 365n, 383n, 393
Vulliamy, Maj. Gen. C. H. H., 21, 92, 264, 277
–W–
WADHAM, 106
Wagner, Konteradmiral Gerhard, 479n
Walcheren Island, 254, 254n, 299-301, 301n
War Cabinet, British. See British War Cabinet.
War Department, 25, 27, 34, 53, 62, 70, 72, 74, 120, 170, 199, 225, 380n, 407n, 444. See also Marshall, General of the Army George C.; Stimson, Henry L.
and airborne operations, 269
and capture of Berlin, 447
CCS channel of communication with Eisenhower, 41
and civil affairs, 78, 81, 85, 144, 235, 346
and Fifteenth U. S. Army, 266
and interzonal boundaries, 465
and manpower crisis in Europe, 392
and military government for Germany, 353, 355, 357
and Patton episode, 165-66
personnel allotments to SHAEF, 529-30
and planning for OVERLORD, 99
and press criticism of Montgomery, 190
and propaganda for Germany, 344
and psychological warfare, 85
and SHAEF press relations, 520, 521-22, 526, 527
and single ground force commander, 386
and 6th Army Group, 266
and Soviet conference with SHAEF representatives, 406
and unconditional surrender formula, 342
and withdrawal of troops from Czechoslovakia, 507
and zone of occupation, 349
War Office, British. See British War Office.
War Plans Division, War Department. See Operations Division, War Department.
War Room, SHAEF, 70, 487, 488, 488n, 489n
Warlimont, General der Artillerie Walter, 203
Washington Conference (December 1941-January 1942), 39n
Washington Conference (May 1943), 39, 73
and liberation of Paris, 239
and OVERLORD planning, 103, 112
Weather, 297, 305, 315, 402, 403, 486
and COMET operation, 281
and D Day, 168-70
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 361, 364, 365n, 371, 375, 384, 395
and MARKET operation, 282, 284, 286, 287-88
and November offensive, 310-11
and Soviet winter offensive, 405, 407
and strategic bombing, 309
Wehrmachtführungsstab (WFSt), 176, 472n. See also Jodl, Generaloberst Alfred.
Wenck, General der Panzertruppen Walter, 481
Werewolf organization, 476, 483
West, Maj. Gen. Charles A., 346, 351
West Wall, 203, 244, 260, 288, 295, 302, 303, 305, 318, 368, 369, 370, 397, 398, 406, 409, 417, 418, 422, 425, 426, 427. See also Siegfried Line.
West Wall, German defense of, 246, 248, 250, 253n, 283, 302, 311
Westphal, General der Kavellerie Siegfried, 499, 500
Whiteley, Maj. Gen. J. F. M., 57
and airborne planning, 210, 279
biographical sketch, 21
as chief, G-2 Division, SHAEF, 68, 71
and command of French Forces of the Interior, 236
and defense of Strasbourg, 401
as deputy chief G-3 Division, SHAEF, 68, 71
and French zone of interior, 326
and German counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 374n, 378, 386n
and personnel for SHAEF, 531
and single ground force commander, 390
Wickersham, Brig. Gen. Cornelius W., 96, 351
Wigglesworth, Air Vice Marshal Horace Ernest Philip, 169
Wilhelmina, Queen of Netherlands, 334
Williams, Brigadier E. T., 171n, 458, 486
Wilson, Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland. See also Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Theater (SACMED).
and ANVIL planning, 115-17, 218-26
appointed SACMED, 32-33
and civil affairs, 223
and command of French forces, 151
directive to, for operations in support of OVERLORD, 116-17, 222, 225-26
heads British Joint Staff Mission, 415, 415n
and invasion of southern France, 227
and operations in Italy, 117, 224, 406n, 415
and planning for operations in the Balkans, 219, 222, 415-16
and planning for operations at Sète and Istria, 219, 221-22
transfer of command of ANVIL forces to SHAEF, 229, 226
Winant, John G., 339n, 464, 485
Winter, General der Gebirgstruppen August, 472, 472n, 473, 500
Wolff, Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen SS Karl Friedrich, 478
–Y–
Y Day, 167
and bomb lines, 463
and German surrender instrument, 484
and SHAEF strategy for defeat of Germany, 413
and unconditional surrender formula, 343
and zones of occupation, 351, 464-65
planning for Allied operations in, 415
U.S. fighter attack on Soviet column in, 462-63
–Z–
Zangen, General der infanterie Gustav von, 299
Zeitzler Generaloberst Kurt, 21, 176
Zhukov, Marshal Georgi K., 418, 434
and German surrender, 474n, 490-92
Soviet representative on Allied Control Council, 514
Zone of Interior, French. See French Zone of Interior.
Zone of action, Allied, 43, 43n, 109, 181, 209, 213-14, 216, 217, 252, 295-96, 313, 316, 318, 376, 378, 380, 427, 430, 431, 439, 443, 453, 454, 456, 459
and German Counteroffensive in the Ardennes, 376, 378, 379
Zones of occupation, 139, 348-51, 462, 469, 496, 497, 501, 510, 511
agreement on, 463-65
and plans for Soviet-Allied link-up, 465-67
and Stuttgart incident, 459-61
withdrawal of Allied forces into, 514
Zuckerman, S., 127
Zuckerman plan. See Railway bombing plan.