Index
An index of place names begins on page 591
–A–
Absence from work, 312-314, 341, 342, 519, 523, 327
Abyssinia, 9
Adoption, 386n
Advice and information services—See Information Services, Citizens’ Advice Bureaux
Agenda, 155n
Air, Secretary of State for—See Secretary of State for Air
Air attack
on Britain, 239-242, 248, 253, 272, 337, 340, 341, 347, 348, 362, 373, 386, 387, 442, 444, 462, 508, 517, 529, 534, 555, 558—See generally Ch. XV, XVI
German claims about, 324, 55, 556
on London, 11, 137, 150, 241, 244, 253, 256-259, 267, 268, 270-273, 276, 278, 283, 285, 286, 293, 296, 299, 304, 322, 324, 327, 329, 343-345, 349, 357, 359, 370, 389, 442, 443, 446, 453, 508, 534—See generally Ch. XVI
on the ports, 10, 442—See generally Ch. XV
experience in Spain, 8, 13, 14, 18, 20n, 47, 48, 70
First World War, 4, 5, 13n, 15, 18, 22, 325, 344n
and compensation for personal injuries, 13, 45, 46, 89, 95
and compensation for property owners, 15, 16, 49, 254, 279, 282, 283, 297, 298, 301, 328, 330, 331, 346
and financial distress, 12, 16, 45, 49, 52, 254, 255, 263, 279, 282, 283, 299
– See also Assistance Board, Public Assistance
and homelessness, 47, 239, 251, 260, 268, 271-273, 277, 283, 286, 300n, 301, 302, 313, 316, 318, 319, 321, 327-329, 331
– See also Homelessness, Care of the
and provision clothing, 46, 255, 262, 279, 282, 283, 298, 310
Air Estimates, 139n
Air Force—See Royal Air Force
Air Ministry, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 27, 43, 63, 313n, 325, 555, 556
Air raid casualties, 60, 62, 63, 79, 184, 239, 253, 254, 313, 325-327, 329, 332, 336, 443, 445, 557-561
expected numbers, 3, 4, 10n, 12-15, 54, 63, 142, 187n, 193, 239, 324-327, 444
– See also Air Staff, estimates of German striking power
Air raid damage, 12, 15, 16, 320, 322, 324-330
to hospitals, 331, 444, 446, 449, 455-457, 459, 462, 463, 492
to houses, 16, 47, 96, 254, 260, 271, 272, 276, 277n, 279, 295, 301, 310-313, 317n, 320, 325, 327-330, 331n, 341, 411, 430
and repair of houses, 95, 256, 278, 280, 287, 290, 293-295, 313, 317n, 320, 331, 411, 430
Air Raid Defence League, 10n
Air raid precautions
Department, Home Office, 6-9, 11, 14, 25, 30n, 31, 46-49, 56, 57, 59, 64n
against gas attack, 6, 7, 10, 14n, 16, 31, 79, 241, 324, 364, 425n, 443
Air raid shelters, 27, 31, 48, 89, 93, 94, 148, 240, 255, 272, 274, 276, 277, 298, 326, 331, 342-346, 350, 357, 429n, 448, 450, 518, 534
Horder Committee on, 450n
Air Staff, estimates of German striking power, 4-8, 10, 12, 13n, 15, 21, 25, 43, 54, 56, 63, 138, 143, 173, 252, 260, 301, 324-327
Aircraft Production, Minister and Ministry of—See Minister and Ministry of Aircraft Production
Allen of Hurtwood, Lady, 391n
Almoners, 68n, 177, 195, 289, 471
Ambulance services, 55, 56, 58, 59, 71, 75n, 77-79, 81, 84, 93, 190, 445
American Foster Parents’ Plan for War Children, 377n
American Red Cross, 377n
Anderson, C., 122n
– See also Lord Privy Seal, Lord President of the Council, Home Secretary
Anderson Committee on Evacuation, 27-30, 32, 34, 35, 156, 164
Anglo-American Relief Fund Nurseries, 377n
Anthony, Lt-Col., 409n
Arandora Star, 247
Architects, Surveyors and Technical Assistants, Committee of the Association of, 178n
Armed Forces, 55, 62, 63, 87, 101, 107, 145n, 185, 226, 333, 345n, 412, 462, 465, 481, 484, 497, 500, 503, 517n, 523, 526, 528, 529, 531, 533, 557, 558
– See also Services
Army, 19, 20, 60, 62, 93, 94, 120, 134, 174n, 187, 294, 315, 372, 409, 410, 517
Medical Service, 84, 130, 475n, 531
recruits, health of, 514n, 516, 517
Astor, Lord, 318n
Assistance Board, 45n, 46, 46, 52, 89, 159, 165n, 167, 231, 2552, 78, 279, 282-284, 291, 292, 296, 298, 299, 315n, 330, 335n, 515, 516n, 542
– See also Financial distress, Poor Law, Public Assistance
Attlee, C. R.—See Lord President of the Council, Prime Minister
Auxiliary hospitals—See under Hospitals
Auxiliary Territorial Service, 128, 401
–B–
Bacteriological warfare, 6, 10
Baird, D., 522n
Baldwin, S. (later Lord), 9, 24, 25
Balme, H., 476n
Barnett House Study Group, 180n, 181n, 390n, 394n
Battle of Britain, 240, 248, 256n
Beaverbrook, Lord—See Minister of Aircraft Production
Beck, I. F., 471n
Bedwetting—See Enuresis
Behrens, Miss C. B. A., 305n
Berchtesgarden, 30
Bernal, Professor J. D., 329n
Beveridge, Sir William (later Lord), 25n
Billeting—See under Evacuation
Bingham, K, 518n
Birth rate, 31n, 416, 512n, 536
Black-out, 91, 97, 139, 147, 331, 334, 497, 529
Blankets and bedding, 53, 77, 83, 84, 86, 91-93, 11, 190n, 252, 258, 261, 262, 284, 265, 298n
Blease, J. E., 132n
Blind persons, provision for, 479
– See also under Evacuation
Blood transfusion, 55, 79, 190, 474, 483, 531
Board of Education, 26, 27, 30, 94, 118, 127, 128, 130, 131, 144, 145, 146n, 148, 149, 168n, 169, 170n, 206n, 213, 215, 219, 222, 224, 226n, 371, 373, 382, 405n, 416, 423n, 509n, 520n
President of (Mr. R. A. Butler), 509n
Reports of the Chief Medical Officer of the, 129, 131, 134, 135n, 149, 492n, 510n, 522n, 526n, 530n
– See also Education, Ministry of Education, Schools
Board of Trade, 116, 282, 283n, 315n, 330, 422
Board of Trade Journal, 422n
Boer War—See War
Bomb damage—See under Air Raid Damage
Bombing
saturation, 364
Bombs
delayed action and unexploded, 6-8, 253, 257, 260, 278, 280, 293, 301n
flying, 322-324, 329, 355, 387, 398n, 402, 426-431, 442, 462, 465, 466, 555, 556, 559, 560
high explosive, 6, 7, 10, 14n, 47, 240, 257, 260, 327, 329, 331, 344, 555
incendiary, 6, 7, 10, 14n, 240, 257, 331, 555
rockets, 322, 324, 328, 329, 426, 427n, 429-431, 434, 442, 462, 465, 466, 555, 556, 560
Borstal institutions, 101
Bottome, Phyllis, 249n
Boundaries, local government—See Local government boundaries
Bowen, Elizabeth, 347
Bowlby, J., 123n
Boyd, W., 104n, 108n, 111n, 121n, 179n, 362n, 373
Bristol University Settlement, 378n
British Employers’ Confederation, 139
British Expeditionary Force, 108, 508, 511
British Hospitals Association, 65n, 77, 193n, 198n, 453, 454, 456n, 457, 458, 498
British Institute of Public Opinion, 132
British Journal of Education Psychology, 122n
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 531n
British Journal of Medicinal Psychology, 338n
British Journal of Nutrition, 509n
British Journal of Social Medicine, 471n
British Medical Association, 198, 199n, 227, 229, 470n, 476, 477n, 480n, 523n, 541
British Medical Journal, 121n, 123n, 476n, 480n, 518n, 519n, 526n, 529n, 534n
British Red Cross Society, 188, 261n, 269, 298, 314n, 377n, 460, 461, 462n, 463n, 464n, 479n, 489, 499
British Restaurants—See Communal feeding
British War Relief Society, 377n
Broad, H., 511n
Brougham, Lord, 507
Brown, Ernest—See Minister of Health
Brown, John and Company, shipyards, 313, 314n
Butler, Dame Georgiana, 476n
Burial of the dead, 12, 13, 21, 49n, 79, 93, 171n, 220, 468
Burn, Richard, 155n
Burt, Professor C., 122n
Busemann, A., 347n
Butler, R.A.—See Board of Education, President of
Buxton, P. A., 133n
–C–
Cabinet, 9, 15, 17, 26n, 36, 61, 63, 64, 88, 89, 92, 138, 139, 142, 156, 162, 163, 178, 179, 241, 246, 247, 254, 255n, 256n, 274, 275, 284, 294, 314, 315n, 318, 365n, 425, 428, 464, 465, 474, 509, 511, 512n, 515n, 516n, 518n, 531
Civil Defence Committee of, 240, 270n, 274, 286, 308n, 317
Food Policy Committee of, 511
Rocket Consequences Committee of, 428
Camps—See Evacuation, National Camps Corporation Ltd.
Camps Act, 1939, 36
Canadian Red Cross Society, 262, 377n
Canteens—See Communal feeding
Casualties, 339
Armed Forces, 184, 185, 333, 335, 336n, 442
civilian air raid, 60, 62, 63, 79, 184, 239, 254, 313, 325-327, 329, 332, 335, 336, 443, 445, 557-561
expected numbers, 3, 4, 10n, 12-15, 54, 63, 142, 187n, 193, 239, 324-327, 444
– See also German striking power, pre-war estimates of
Casualty beds—See under Hospitals
Central Association for Mental Welfare, 381n
Central Statistical Office, 330n, 336, 398n, 510n, 512n, 513n
Chadwick, Edwin, 519
Chamberlain, Neville, 270n
– See also Lord President of the Council, Minister of Health, Prime Minister
Chancellor of the Exchequer (Sir John Simon), 516n
(Sir Kingsley Wood), 532n
– See also Treasury
Charity Organisation Society, 111n, 116, 218, 2600263, 265n, 268n, 278n, 283n, 292, 298, 302n, 377n, 499, 501n
Chatfield, Lord—See Minister for the Coordination of Defence
Chemical Defence Research Department, 6
Chemists—See Pharmacists
Child welfare service, 54, 138, 145, 146, 148-150, 153, 507, 511-514, 530, 532, 535
– See also Evacuation, Nurseries, Schools, Welfare Food Schemes
Children Act, 1948
Children
dental condition of, 138, 526, 535
deserted by their parents, 432, 435-437
under five, and mothers, welfare of, 54, 153, 507, 511-514, 530, 535
Children and Young Persons Act, 1933, 386n
Children’s Country Holiday Fund, 377n, 378
Children’s hospitals—See under Hospitals
Children’s Overseas Reception Board—See under Evacuation
Children’s shoes, shortage of, 376, 421-423
China, 9
Chronic and aged sick, 67, 68, 70, 72, 446-448, 450-452, 465, 489, 491, 492, 495, 499-501, 504n
– See also Hospitals: patients, transferred and Old people
Chrystal, Sir George, 49
Churchill, Mr. Winston, 7, 9, 10, 16, 21
– See also Prime Minister
Church’s Army, 266
Citizens’ Advice Bureaux, 211, 264, 291, 292, 298, 300, 302n, 385n, 501n
– See also Information services
City of Benares, 247
Civil defence, 6, 8, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 31, 32, 33n, 40, 48, 49n, 55, 56n, 60, 89, 94, 97, 137-142, 152, 240, 317, 323, 329n, 331, 342-344, 347, 405, 412, 429, 557, 560, 562
– See also Air raid precautions, Home Office, Ministry of Home Security
Civil Defence Act, 1939, 59n, 85, 87, 88, 157n
Civil Defence Bill, 42
Civil Defence Committee of the War Cabinet—See Cabinet
Civil Nursing Reserve, 82
Civil servants, 3, 21, 89, 101, 401
Clothing, provision of—See Air Attack and Evacuation
Clyde Basin experiment—See Scotland: experiments in social medicine
Coastal areas—See Evacuation
Coffins—See Burial of the dead
Colonge, 425n
Colville, John—See Secretary of State for Scotland
Colville-Chatfield Commission, 188n, 200
Committee of Imperial Defence, 3-5, 13n, 21n, 45, 46, 48, 49, 142, 260, 325
Air Raid Precautions (Organisation) Committee, 5, 8, 18, 23
Bacteriological Warfare Sub-Committee, 10
Home Defence Sub-Committee, 31, 33n
and evacuation, 7, 18n, 23-26, 290n, 30, 548
and hospitals, 56, 57n, 60, 63, 64n, 81n
Communal feeding, 23, 28, 46, 51-53, 92, 143, 164, 166, 251, 255n, 266, 267, 296-298, 300, 310, 311, 320, 321, 323, 346, 375, 403, 428, 533
– See also Food, Mobile canteens, School meals
Compassionate leave, 209, 414, 415, 424
– See also Family life in war
Compensation for personal injuries by air attack—See Air attack
Compensation to property owners and air attack—See Air attack
Comptroller and Auditor General, 517
Compulsory evacuation—See Evacuation
Consumer goods, shortage of, 398, 399, 421, 435n
Convalescence, 70n, 187, 192, 196, 269, 372, 375, 377, 478, 460, 461, 463n, 471, 476, 498, 499
– See also Hospitals, auxiliary
Coode, G., 204n
Coordination of Defence, Minister for—See Minister for the Coordination of Defence
Cosens, M., 180n
Cost of living, 115n, 139, 164, 166, 332, 398, 399, 512, 532, 533
Coummonlos, H., 526n
Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts, 148, 267
Cranborne, Lord—See Lord Privy Seal
Crawford, W., 511n
Creak, E. M., 123n
Crichton-Miller, H., 338n
Crimean War—See War
Criminal Justice Bill, 96
Criminal statistics, 341n
– See also Evacuation
Crowther, J. G., 329n
Cruikshank, E. W. H., 481n
Curtis Committee Report, 122n, 229, 230n, 234, 349n, 388n, 391, 436
Customs and Excise Department, 298, 301n
–D–
Daily Express, 139n
Daily Mail, 139n
Daley, Sir Allen, 456n
D’Arcy Hart, P., 531n
Davidson, L. S. P., 518n
Davies, J. N. P., 529n
Davis, G., 511n
Dawson, Lord, 456n
Day nurseries—See Nurseries
Death rates—See Mortality
Defence Regulations, 95, 157n, 358, 366, 371n, 376n, 391n, 486
Delevigne, Sir M., 477n
Delayed action bombs—See Bombs
Deliqeucny, juvenile, 148, 340, 341, 379, 405, 410, 413
Dental condition of children, 138, 526, 535
Department of Education for Scotland—See Scotland
Department of Health for Scotland—See Scotland
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 329n
Departmental responsibilities, division of, 8, 364
– See also Air Raid Precautions Department
Dependency rules, liability for payment under, 212
poor law, 516
recovery of billeting allowances, 156, 158, 159
– See also Evacuation, Poor Law, Public Assistance
Derby,. Lord, 115
Derrick, V. P. A., 535n
Despert, J. L., 349n
Determination of Needs Act, 1941, 515n
– See also Hospitals: food
Diphtheria, 420
immunisation, 151n, 220, 332, 515
– See also Infectious diseases
Disabled Persons (Employment) Act, 1944, 479
Dispersal, policy of, 326, 345n, 360, 428
– See also Evacuation
District Medical Services—See Poor Law Medical Services
– See also Family life in war
Dobbs, R. H., 518n
Dr. Barnardo’s Homes, 377n
Doctors, 64, 70, 81, 82, 191, 192, 475, 480, 502, 503, 520n, 528n, 530, 531
consultants and specialists, 60, 67, 70-72, 81, 191, 197n, 198
general practitioners, 71, 191, 199, 216, 227, 470n, 472, 473, 475, 488, 493, 530
medical officers, 75
payment of, 81, 82, 189, 195, 197-19, 229
– See also British Medical Association and Hospitals
Doland, Lt.-Col., G., 27n
Domestic staff, shortage of, 380, 388, 394, 412n, 448n, 503, 515n
Dowding, Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh C. T., 240n, 555
Drug Account Committee (Scotland), 528n
Drugs and medicines, 519, 528-531
Drunkenness, 341
Dunkirk, 192, 344, 442, 508, 511, 517
–E–
Eady, W., (later Sir W.), 30n
East End of London—See London
Economic Advisory Council, 514n
Economist, The, 29, 300n, 387, 516n, 529n
Eden, Anthony, 507n
Edinburgh, Archbishop of, 179n
Education
Board of—See Board of Education
Departments, 95, 121, 126, 146, 169
and Evacuation, 26, 94, 177, 224, 225, 243, 396, 405
Minister and Ministry of—See Minister and Ministry of Education
and war, 96, 145-147, 312, 331, 404-410, 416-423
– See also Ministry of Education, Schools, Scotland
Education Act, 1944, 114
Education (Scotland) Act, 1908, 118n
Electricity supplies and power stations, 8, 16
Elliot, Walter—See Minister of Health
Emergency Bacteriological Service—See Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service
Emergency Hospital Service—See Hospitals
Emergency legislation, 95, 437
– See also Defence Regulations
Emergency Maternity Service—See Maternity Services
Emergency Medical Service—See Hospitals
Emergency Powers (Defence) Act 1939), 59, 95
Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service, 10n, 55, 70n, 78, 79, 84, 190, 192, 226, 229, 473, 474, 483
Employment, full, 347, 422, 532, 533, 537, 538
E.N.S.A., 267
Enuresis, 114, 120-125, 133, 175n, 349, 379, 404
Epidemics, danger of—See Infectious diseases
Equipment supplied by public authorities, 62, 77, 83-86, 90-93, 110-112, 264, 265, 296, 372, 542
– See also Hospitals: equipment for, Rest centres
Essential Work Order
Evacuation, generally, 7, 12, 14, 153n, 241, 242, 344
administration and planning—See generally Ch. III and 102, 105, 106, 150, 151, 242, 356-361, 375, 379, 385, 425n, 428, 429, 541
of blind persons, 103, 172, 360, 431, 433n, 541, 562
of cripples, 103, 153n, 172, 562
of expectant mothers, 103, 107, 112, 113, 172, 221, 285n, 359, 360, 363, 400, 426n, 427, 541, 542, 562-564
of government departments, 17, 101
of handicapped children, 29, 36, 103, 172, 213, 433, 541, 542
of homeless people, 356, 360, 363, 426n, 427, 562, 563
of hospital patients and staff—See Hospitals: patients, transfer of
of mothers and accompanied children, 103, 108, 142, 167, 172, 174, 244, 285, 300, 346n, 355-360, 362-364, 374, 390n, 425, 426, 431, 433, 544, 545, 548, 552, 564-564
of old people, 297, 356, 359, 360, 368, 426n, 427, 431, 435, 450-452, 468, 500, 562
of schools and universities, 29, 101, 107, 137
of unaccompanied children, 28, 29, 44, 142, 143, 163, 172-174, 227, 242, 243, 250, 285, 313n, 346, 357, 358, 360, 363, 410, 425, 426, 431-433, 437, 534, 541, 544, 545, 548, 550, 551, 560, 562-564
of under-fives, 29, 108, 112, 169, 213, 215, 358, 359, 431, 433, 541, 562-564
– See also Nurseries
Advisory Committee on the Evacuation of Schoolchildren, 32, 175
Anderson Committee on, 27-30, 32, 34, 35, 156, 164
assisted private, 163, 244, 249n, 285, 360-363, 366-369, 389, 390, 426, 427, 429, 564
and billeting, 28, 35-40, 106, 110-113, 124, 140, 143, 144, 165, 167, 168, 174n, 180, 181, 215, 245, 248, 249, 356-360, 362, 365, 369, 372, 374, 375, 378, 379, 383, 387, 425-427, 492, 434, 541-543, 562, 563, and Ch. 19 (iii)
accommodation surveys, 27, 36-39, 93, 102, 365, 366, 393, 394n, 553
allowances, 28, 39, 141, 154, 161, 164, 168, 244, 359, 361, 362, 367, 401, 432, 542, 564
inadequacy of rates, 161-163, 167, 178, 389, 397-400
recovery of, 155-157, 160, 161, 164, 167, 178, 223, 227n, 250, 360, 361, 548
– See also Dependency rules
revision of rates of, 162-164, 175, 397, 398
compulsion, 25, 28, 35, 96, 359, 395
extra payments by evacuees to householders, 396, 399
billeting officers, 96, 361, 390-393, 421n
camps—See Evacuation: hostels and camps
Children’s Overseas Reception Board, 246, 247, 250, 563
children’s clothing and footwear, 92, 114-120, 125, 133, 135, 161, 166, 178, 376, 404, 421
clothing scheme for necessitous children, 119, 165, 166, 374-376, 386, 387, 403
from coastal areas, 224, 241, 243-245, 285, 357, 360, 364, 425n, 443
Committee of the Association of Architects, Surveyors and Technical Assistants, 178n
and Committee of Imperial Defence, 7, 18n, 23-26, 29n, 30, 528
compulsory, 34, 175, 244, 344, 349, 358, 369, 420
compulsory removal of evacuees from prescribed areas, 244, 245, 364
condition of evacuees, 114, 125-127, 130, 131, 133, 135, 178, 378, 379, 388, 389, 404, 421
determination of areas, 11, 32, 94, 208, 367, 427, 428
and education—See Evacuation and schools
evacuation areas, 35n, 41, 43, 103, 107, 110, 143, 146, 146, 223, 224, 228, 375, 431, 546, 550n
financial policy, 24, 28, 36, 42, 91, 92, 110, 150, 152, 170-172, 206, 207, 212, 213, 219-229, 231, 232, 361, 370, 372-376, 379, 386, 397
forecasts and statistics, 24, 32-38, 44, 101, 102, 105-107, 111, 137, 145, 171, 173-175, 244, 245, 248, 249, 285, 286, 300, 355-359, 362, 363, 369, 381n, 390n, 410, 426-429, 433-435, 437, 543-553
hostels and camps, 35, 36, 91, 111, 112, 124, 140, 164-166, 175, 342, 360, 370, 372, 375, 377, 378, 389, 390, 403, 405, 425-428, 433n, 437-439, 562-564 and Ch. 19 (ii)
ante-natal and post-natal, 371, 374, 383, 401, 420
for convalescence, 382
for difficult children, 143, 164, 379, 380, 382-384, 425n
for handicapped children, 384
for old people, 371, 425, 435n
for secondary school children, 164, 373, 382, 384
and local government, 26, 27, 31, 32, 39, 41, 105, 110, 143-145, 150-153, 170, 203, 361-363, 365, 371-373, 391n
– See also Local Government Boundaries
and maternity services—See Maternity Services
medical inspection of schoolchildren, 126, 127, 175, 379
movements, 97, 101, 124, 150, 151, 175, 249, 355-358, 363, 368, 428, 433
unorganised after air attack, 9, 271, 272
– See also Trekking
neutral areas, 546n, 547, 550n
overseas, 90, 102n, 246-250, 563
priority classes for, 33-35, 42, 43, 97, 102, 208, 219, 223, 226, 249, 356, 358, 362, 543, 545-549, 563, 564
private, 38, 44, 90, 91, 96, 101, 102, 135, 208, 219, 233, 224, 226, 356, 361, 543, 545-547, 549
overseas, 90, 102n, 246-250, 563
reservation of accommodation, 37-39, 44, 102, 106, 547, 553
– See also Evacuation: assisted private
reactions of householders in reception areas, 39, 357, 360, 369, 379, 382, 383, 387-390, 393, 396-398, 402, 404, 410, 421, 423, 424, 426
reception—See generally Ch. 7, Ch. 10, Ch. 19 and 25, 28, 40, 41, 92, 369, 370, 372, 542
reception areas, 41, 107, 108, 119, 131, 138, 140, 143, 144, 146, 148, 150, 151, 167, 171, 174, 177, 178, 219, 221-224, 228, 355, 357, 359, 362-364, 375, 378, 379, 387, 389, 390, 393, 403, 424, 428, 471, 545-547, 553
Shakespeare Committee of Inquiry into Conditions in, 378, 386
and religious denominations, 112, 179, 541
response to scheme, 44, 102-107, 175, 176, 248, 285, 345, 346n, 355, 370, 426
– See also Evacuation: forecasts and statistics
return home, 112, 137, 143, 144, 147, 156, 171-174, 177, 179, 249, 345, 349, 357, 362, 370, 378, 386, 411, 429-441, 544-549
scheme, change into welfare scheme, 404, 405, 411, 412, 423-425, 430, 432, 438, 441
and schools, 110
breaking up of school units, 112, 147
closure and reopening, 26, 94, 143, 146, 147, 156, 243, 405, 408, 417, 423
in evacuation areas, 26, 146, 147, 156, 406, 408
– See also Schools
Scotland, 29, 33n, 39, 41, 103, 104, 108, 113, 174, 248, 357, 362, 363, 367, 369n, 373, 426n, 432, 545n, 546, 551, 552, 562-564
– See also Scotland, Department of Health for
and the social services—See generally Ch. 8, Ch. 10, Ch. 12, Ch. 19
– See also Evacuation and welfare, Social services
teachers and helpers, 28, 42, 102, 106, 107, 111, 143, 145, 146, 150, 157, 172, 356, 391, 426, 541, 542, 544, 562-564
and transport, 24, 25, 40, 43, 44, 97, 106-109, 111, 171, 174, 243, 359, 362, 363, 429, 432n, 433, 541
and welfare, 40, 143-145, 151, 164, 166, 228, 357, 369, 424-426, 428, 431, 432, 434-438
clothing scheme for necessitous children, 119, 120, 165, 166, 374-376, 386, 387, 403
medical services, 143, 146, 151, 167, 175, 219, 224, 227-229, 541, 542
mothers’ clubs and social centres, 144, 169, 370, 371, 373-375, 403
play, nursery and welfare centres, 144, 167, 169, 170, 370-374
sickbays, 111, 112, 162, 170, 175, 227, 371, 374, 403
– See also Evacuation and the social services
winding up of scheme, 427, 429, 431-441
Evening Standard, 436n
Exchequer, Chancellor of—See Chancellor of the Exchequer
Expectant mothers—See Evacuation, Maternity services
–F–
Family life in war, 105, 345, 436, 500
absence and return of fathers, 210, 213, 334, 412, 415, 416, 419, 420, 423, 429, 438-440, 523n, 528
after-effects of separation, 436, 438-441
distressed families—See generally Ch. XX and 209, 211-213, 424, 425
illness of mothers, 413, 414, 416, 419
mothers in industry, 334, 411n, 412, 416, 418, 419, 420n, 423
resistance to separation, 344-346, 340, 357
– See also Compassionate leave, Evacuation: response to scheme and return home
Family Welfare Association—See Charity Organisation Society
Farmer and Stockbreeder, 513n
Far, W., 519
Feeding centres or stations—See Communal feeding
Feiling, K., 270n
Ferguson, J., 123n
Fever hospitals—See Hospitals for infectious diseases
Financial distress
and air attack, 12, 16, 45, 49, 52, 254, 255, 263, 279, 282, 283, 299
First World War, 45, 52, 231, 270
– See also Assistance Board, Public Assistance, Relief
Financial policy, 9, 26n, 46, 52, 53, 91, 92, 154
and evacuation, 24, 28, 36, 42, 91, 92, 110, 150, 152, 170-172, 206, 207, 212, 213, 219-226, 229, 231, 232, 361, 370, 372-376, 379, 386, 397
and local government boundaries, 52, 150-153, 203, 205-208, 212, 214-216, 219, 223-226, 228-233, 252, 253, 370, 384, 368, 469
and welfare, 140, 141, 153, 252, 253
– See also Hospitals: Emergency Hospital Service finance, Select Committee on National Expenditure, Treasury
Fire bombs—See Bombs
First aid services, 14, 20n, 55, 56, 58-60, 75n, 79, 81, 84, 89, 93, 188, 189, 313, 346, 558, 560
– See also Civil Defence, Hospitals
First World War, 54, 88n, 91, 120, 134, 135, 140, 149, 348, 406, 507, 531n
air attack on London, 4, 5, 13n, 15, 18, 22, 325, 344n
claims for sickness benefit, 347, 527
financial distress, 45, 52, 231, 270
morale, 10, 12, 18, 22, 338, 347
Fisher, H. A. L., 54n
Fisher, Sir Warren, 258
Flying bombs—See Bombs
Foch, Marshal, 18
in hospitals, 187, 480-483, 487, 503
Minister and Ministry of—See Minister and Ministry of Food
Offices—See Ministry of Food
Policy Committee of the War Cabinet, 511
shortage and rationing, 89, 149, 176, 401, 481, 482, 510, 516, 518-520, 522, 523, 531, 533, 538
– See also Communal feeding, Nutrition, School meals, Welfare food schemes
Food Manufacture, 511n
Foote, P. R., 124n
Fracture services—See Orthopaedic services, Rehabilitation
Nurseries, 377n
Friends’ Ambulance Unit, 280n
Friends, Society of, 261, 308n
Friends’ War Relief Service, 314n, 368, 374, 377n
Fromm, E., 349
Front Line, 331n
Fuel and Power, Ministry of—See Ministry of Fuel and Power
Furniture, supply of, 435n, 438
– See also Homeless
–G–
Gallup Poll, 529n
Garwood, Dr. F., 329n
Gas attack, danger of, 6, 7, 10, 14n, 16, 31, 79, 241, 324, 364, 425n, 443
Gastric ulcers, 343n
Gater, Sir George, 29
General medical practitioners—See Doctors
General Register Office, 413n, 430n, 520n, 525n, 558
– See also Registrar-General
German-Soviet Pact, 91
German striking power, pre-war estimates of, 3-15, 21, 25, 43, 54, 56, 63, 138, 143, 173, 252, 260, 301, 324-327
Gifts from overseas, 119, 210, 298, 375-377
Gill, S. E., 121n
Gleneagles Hospital, 473n
Glover, J. A., 519n
Goldmann, F., 233n
Goldsworthy, Mrs. G. M., 439n
Gondal, Maharajah of, 119
Goodenough Committee on Medical Schools, 70n
Government departments, evacuation of—See Evacuation
Gowing, M. M., 86n, 96n, 153n, 508n, 532n
Great Ormond Street Hospital (London) for Children, 499n
Greenwood, Professor Major, 335n, 531n, 535n
Grünhut, Dr. M., 390
Guest, Dr. L. Haden, 27n
Guy’s Hospital, 457n
–H–
Hall, Sir Daniel, 514n
Haal, M., 391n
Hamilton, W. H., 191n
Hammon, R. J., 267n, 320n, 518n
Hancock, W. K., 86n, 96n, 153n, 508n, 532n
Hargreaves, G. R., 338n
Harley Street, 81
Harris, Sir Percy, 27n
Head infestation—See Lice
Health, Minister and Ministry of—See Minister and Ministry of Health
Health Bulletin, Department of Health for Scotland, 525n, 526n
Health Departments, 515n, 518, 520
and evacuation, 11, 27, 31, 33-35, 37-41, 44, 91, 92, 102, 110, 114, 115, 118, 121, 125, 126, 143, 144, 159, 162, 163, 169, 171, 178n
and hospitals, 58, 61, 77, 84, 86, 185, 477, 483, 502, 503
– See also Ministry of Health, Scotland, Department of Health for
Health in war—See generally Ch. XXV and 14, 15, 54, 420
– See also Mental health and war
High explosive bombs—See bombs
Hill, Air Chief Marshal Sir Roderick, 323n, 427n
Hill Homes at Highgate, 374n
Hilton, J., 116n
Hoare, Sir Samuel (later Lord Templewood)—See Home Secretary
Hodsoll, Wing Commander, E. J., 23
Home Office, 4n, 6, 7, 13, 14, 19, 23, 25-27, 29, 31, 33, 49, 56n, 59, 63, 180n, 289, 394n, 407n, 418, 556, 559, 560n
Air Raid Precautions Department of the, 6-9, 11, 14, 25, 30n, 31, 46-49, 56, 57, 59, 64n
Incendiary Bomb Committee of the, 7n
Structural Precautions Committee of the, 7n, 48n
Home Secretary (Sir Samuel Hoare), 21, 26-30
(Sir John Anderson), 138, 148n
(Mr. Herbert Morrison), 436n
Home Security, Minister and Ministry of—See Minister and Ministry of Home Security
Homeless
care of the—See generally Ch. IV, Ch. XIV, and 7, 14n, 90, 92, 93, 240, 385
resettlement of the, 251, 273, 274, 2810283, 285, 286, 356
billeting, 51, 251, 254-256, 269, 274-281, 287, 288, 290, 297, 298, 300, 307n, 310, 311, 317, 319, 323
rehousing, 46, 51, 254-256, 260, 265, 269, 274-278, 280, 281, 287-290, 295n, 297-300, 302, 307n, 310, 311, 323
supply of furniture and bedding, 256, 281, 283, 285, 287, 288, 297-299, 302
removal and storage of furniture, 256, 279, 281, 282, 284, 287-290, 296, 297
– See also Evacuation of the homeless, Public Assistance, Rest centres
Homelessness through air attack, 47, 239, 251, 260, 268, 271-273, 277, 283, 286, 300n, 301, 302, 313, 316, 318, 319, 321, 327-329, 331
– See also Housing
Hopkins, Sir F. Gowland, 514n
Horder, Committee on Air Raid Shelters, 450n
Horsborough, Miss Florence—See Ministry of Health, Parliamentary Secretary to Hospital, 475n
Hospitals—See generally Ch. V, Ch. XI, Ch. XXII, Ch. XXIII, Ch. XXIV
air raid damage to, 331, 444, 446, 449, 455-457, 459, 462, 463, 492
almoners, 68n, 177, 195, 289, 471
Association, British, 65n, 77, 193n, 198n, 453-458, 496
auxiliary, 55, 94, 188, 454n, 460-462, 464, 472, 479, 489, 498, 499
– See also Red Cross Society
beds
– See also Maternity services
crowding of, 63, 73, 77, 80, 81, 83, 96, 186n, 460, 463n, 489
estimated needs of, 6, 13, 54, 56, 62, 63, 187, 443, 463, 464, 477
loss of, 444, 446, 449, 462, 492
plans and statistics, 63-65, 80, 81, 185-187, 193, 457, 460-466, 477
reserved for casualties, 62, 77, 80, 184, 185, 193-196, 201, 443-446, 448, 449, 452, 455, 458, 459, 461, 463, 465-469, 477, 485-489, 491, 492, 494, 500, 560, 561
reduction of numbers, 140, 197n, 447, 450, 453, 454, 458, 485, 487, 494
shortage for sick civilians, 15, 70-73, 445, 447, 449, 453-459, 461, 470, 485, 486, 488, 489, 494, 495-495, 497, 500, 528, 530
before the war—See generally Ch. V (iii) and 64, 65
children’s, 74n, 492, 493, 498, 499
and Committee of Imperial Defence, 56, 57n, 60, 63, 64n, 81n
complaints about, 452, 488, 490, 491
distribution of beds and patients—See generally Ch. XXII (ii) and 70, 71, 444, 449, 452, 453, 458, 474, 484, 496, 504
Emergency Hospital Service, 95, 154, 558, 562
administration and planning—See generally Ch. V (ii) and (iv) and 442, 466-469, 482, 486, 494, 496, 504
of London sectors, 75-77, 200, 201
classes of hospitals, 56, 74, 188
classes of patients, 201, 466-470, 485, 489, 494
Director General of, 59, 64, 194n, 198n, 451, 455, 504n
estimates of “discharge beds”, 463, 464
expanding scope of, 201, 466-484, 504
finance of, 56-58, 77, 85, 154, 155, 200, 220, 446, 450, 454-458, 461, 466-468, 494
maternity beds used for casualties, 74n, 113, 194
officers, 64n, 75, 76, 92, 447, 453, 472, 473n, 478, 482, 488, 490, 491n, 4930495, 496, 499
quality of, 188, 191, 192, 442, 459, 466-485, 504
regional advisers of, 192, 472, 477
Service patients, 57, 60, 62, 63, 442, 444, 455, 459-465, 467, 469, 473, 475n, 477, 478, 481, 489, 492, 494, 499
suspension and withdrawal of hospitals from, 18n, 195, 459
food in, 187, 480-483, 487, 503
Government powers, 196, 453, 482, 485-487, 503
hutted units of, 73, 80-83, 93, 186-188, 190, 460, 463, 483
for infectious diseases, 15, 68n, 70n, 74n, 81, 185n, 196, 223, 448, 496n
and local government boundaries, 67, 153, 155, 203, 468
London County Council, 68, 48, 85, 154, 155, 197, 200, 447, 448, 449n, 450-454, 462
mental and mental deficiency institutions, 64n, 68n, 70n, 74n, 80n, 496n, 497, 498
Ministry of Pensions’, 462
municipal, 66-70, 72, 76, 200, 447n, 448, 449, 453, 454, 487, 489, 494, 501, 504n
– See also under London County Council
out-patient work, 188, 189, 196n, 198, 457n, 470, 475, 476, 479
patients
admissions of, 68, 444, 445, 447
ejection of, 63, 73, 74, 77, 80, 83, 97, 101, 183, 187, 193-195, 463n, 464, 465, 524
priorities, 448, 455, 470, 485, 487, 489, 499, 500, 503
transfer of, 60, 62, 64, 74, 83, 97, 101, 107, 137, 154, 155, 185, 196n, 220, 245, 297, 428, 429n, 443, 444n, 446-448, 450, 451, 452, 467, 464-468, 474, 475, 487, 489, 491, 494-496, 500, 562
traveling expenses of, 473
public assistance institutions, 67-70, 72, 83, 101, 192, 415, 499-501
records and information, 65, 70, 80, 475, 476
Scotland, 60n, 63, 81n, 185n, 463, 466, 477, 494-496, 503n
Services’, 57n, 60-62, 185n, 462, 463, 465, 478, 497n
Services’ needs, 187, 195, 201, 465
and social medicine, 471-476, 479, 480, 487, 503
– See also Scotland
special centres and specialisation, 55, 190-192, 470, 473-478, 480, 495, 496
staff, 62, 70, 74, 81, 95, 97, 101, 448n, 463-466, 477, 479, 483, 496, 504, 530
medical, 67, 70, 74, 81, 82, 198-200, 479, 480, 530
– See also Doctors
structural precautions to, 48n, 78
surveys, 64, 65, 69-73, 78, 493n, 500n, 504n, 505
teaching, 19, 65, 67, 70n, 76, 197, 198n, 453
“upgrading” of, 64, 73, 75, 80, 81, 83, 190, 192, 442, 459, 460
– See also Hospitals: equipment
voluntary, 58, 60, 64-68, 70, 72, 76, 78, 81, 200, 218, 401, 448n, 449, 454-457, 461, 475, 487, 489, 494, 495, 497, 504n
emergency bed service, 504n
finance, 72, 197, 445, 449, 450-458, 487, 494, 496
Report of Commission, 65n
and sick civilians, 193-196, 198, 200, 201, 445, 448, 450, 452-454, 458, 472, 493, 494
waiting lists, 73, 194, 198, 331, 447, 450, 472, 489, 490-496, 499, 500n, 504n, 523n
Year Books, 65, 456n, 457n, 490
– See also under Evacuation and Old People
House of Commons, 25-27, 29, 30, 35, 42, 90, 126, 135, 139n, 140, 163, 175n, 185n, 216n, 241, 275n, 284, 300n, 306, 344, 400, 422, 426, 506n, 516n
House of Lords, 436n
Houses
air raid damage, 16, 47, 96, 254, 260, 271, 272, 276, 277n, 279, 295, 301, 310-313, 317n, 320, 325, 3270331, 341, 411, 430
requisition of, 174n, 255, 256, 277, 280n, 281, 285, 288, 299, 371n, 372
use of condemned, 177n, 371n, 411
without bathrooms, 131, 177n, 411
Housing, 96, 131, 434, 435, 515n, 531, 536
(Emergency Powers) Act, 1939, 256n
overcrowding, 411, 412, 420, 423, 528, 534
repair of bomb damage, 95, 256, 278, 280, 287, 290, 293-295, 313, 317n, 320, 331, 411, 430
Servicemen’s families, 414n, 415
shortage
evacuation areas, 430, 434, 437, 440
reception areas, 36-38, 358, 359, 363-368, 371, 383, 392, 394, 395, 425n
Humphries, J. H., 206n
Hysterical neurosis—See Neurosis
–I–
Idle, D., 270n
Illegitimacy, 72n, 211, 212, 386n, 415n, 426
Incendiary bombs—See Bombs
Incendiary Bombs Committee—See Home Office
Incorporated Association of Headmasters, 393n, 396n
Industrial Health Research Board, 419n
Industrialists, Government’s Advisory Panel if, 36
Infantry mortality—See Mortality
Infectious diseases, 14, 15, 92, 171, 332, 420, 444, 448, 464, 518, 519n, 533, 534
– See also Hospitals
Information, Ministry of—See Ministry of Information
Information services, 276, 279, 291, 293, 297, 298, 307n, 317, 319, 323, 373
– See also Citizen’s Advice Bureaux
Inland Revenue Department, 283n
Inskip, Sir Thomas—See Minister for the Coordination of Defence
Institute of Public Cleansing, 131n
Intelligence tests, 409
International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 123n
Invalid Children’s Aid Association, 377n, 378, 499
Invasion, threat of, 241, 324, 364, 425n, 443, 508
Isaacs, Dr. S., 179n, 181, 182n
–J–
James, William, 347
Jeffrey, M., 122n
Johnston, Mr. Thomas—See Secretary of State for Scotland
Jones, D. C., 132n
Jones, H. A., 13n
Jones, Huws, 320n
Journal of Hygiene, 511n
Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, 535n
Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, 132n
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 335n, 520n, 534n, 535n
Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, 30n
Journal of Social Case Work, New York, 413
Juvenile delinquency, 148, 340, 341, 379, 405, 410, 413
–K–
Kernack, W. O., 535n
Key, Charles, 258
King Edward’s Hospital Fund, 68, 196n, 482, 483
–L–
Laboratory Service—See Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service
Labour, Ministry of—See Ministry of Labour
Lancashire and Cheshire Community Council, 378n
Lancet, The, 71n, 27n, 73n, 121n, 122n, 124n, 192n, 197n, 198, 199n, 338n, 343, 391n, 476n, 481n, 488n, 515n, 518n, 519n, 522n, 529n, 531n, 535n, 538n
Langley, E. M., 509n
Lavatories, 108, 111, 124, 131, 261
Law of Settlement and Removal, 52, 205, 206n, 230
– See also Local Government Boundaries
League of Nations, 132n
Lewis, Professor Aubrey, 341n
Lice, 114, 126-131, 133, 135, 136, 219, 225, 404, 420
Lindsay, G. M., 111n
Liverpool Child Welfare Association, 378n
Livingstone, F. D. M., 123n
Lloyd, E. J. D., 206n
Lloyd, E. M. H., 22n
Lloyd, Major-General, 409n
Lloyds, 15
Local Government Act, 1919, 69
Local government boundaries—See generally Ch. X (ii), Ch. XII and 41, 268, 269, 274, 275, 280n, 281, 284, 285, 287, 302, 306, 307, 318, 384, 474
finance, 52, 150-153, 203, 205-208, 212, 214-216, 219, 223-226, 228-233, 252, 253, 370, 384, 468, 469
hospitals, 67, 153, 155, 203, 468
public assistance, 203-205, 215, 216, 554
social services, 150, 151, 203, 205, 207, 210, 217, 223, 224, 228, 235, 252, 254, 278, 370
Local and central government, relationship and division of responsibilities between, 21n, 52, 53, 56, 58, 60 88, 203-208, 213-215, 217, 222, 225, 229, 232, 234, 235, 269, 270, 276, 278, 291, 293, 295, 302, 314, 316-318, 357, 361, 372, 373, 376, 377, 380, 385n, 391n, 392, 437, 438, 468, 469
Local government and evacuation, 26, 27, 31, 32, 39, 41, 105, 110, 143-145, 150-153, 170, 203, 361-363, 365, 371-373, 391n
Lodging Restriction Orders, 366, 367
London
air attack on—See Air attack on London
Council of Social Service, 162, 266, 292, 378n
and education, 117, 120, 129, 148, 405n, 417
and evacuation, 27-29, 32-34, 36, 40-42, 97, 108, 121, 146n, 151, 156, 159, 178n, 214, 219, 220, 223, 251n, 346n, 358, 361, 373, 376, 393, 408, 427, 431, 433, 541
and finance, 170, 207, 212, 213, 215
and hospitals, 68, 84, 85, 154, 155, 197, 200, 447-454, 462
and homelessness, 52, 53, 254-270, 274-277, 279, 280, 290, 294, 300, 328n
East End, 13n, 29, 42, 174, 257-259, 285n, 301, 359, 394n
Hostels Association, 298
Metropolitan Boroughs, 220n, 256, 274, 279, 280n, 288
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 332
Special Commissioners for, 258
– See also Sir Warren Fisher, Mr. Charles Key, Mr. H. U. Willink
London Gazette, The, 240n, 323n, 427n, 55n
London Press Exchange Limited, 529n
Londoners’ Meal Service—See Communal feeding
Lorand, S., 349n
Lord Mayor’s National Air Raid Distress Fund, 282, 298, 299
Lord President of the Council (Mr. Neville Chamberlain), 294
(Sir John Anderson), 274, 365n
(Mr. C. R. Atlee), 512n
Lord Privy Seal (Sir John Anderson), 8, 31, 32, 35, 530
(Lord Cranborne), 531
Lyon, D. Murray, 481n
–M–
Macadam, Elizabeth, 289n
McCall, C, 182n
McCance, R. A., 511n
Macdonald, Malcolm—See Minister of Health
Mace, D. R., 436n
MacIver, O. A., 422n
Mackay, H. M. M., 518n
McKendrick, A. G., 535n
Mackintosh, J. M., 177n
McKinley, P. L., 525n, 526n, 535n
Manpower, 12, 83, 140, 153, 323, 364, 380n, 391n, 402, 407, 412, 473, 474, 476, 478, 487
building, 280, 294, 295, 314n, 360
– See also Ministry of Labour, and Women, mobilisation of
Marley, Lord, 470n
– See also Family life in war
Marriage Guidance Council, 436n
Mass radiography—See Tuberculosis
Maternal mortality—See Mortality
Maternity services, 68n, 70n, 72, 111, 113, 196, 214n, 217, 218n
bed shortages in evacuation areas, 400, 419, 420
beds used for emergency hospital service, 74n, 113, 194
emergency maternity service, 84, 91, 92, 103 107, 110, 112, 113, 172, 220-223, 285n, 359, 360, 363, 371, 372, 374, 400-403, 420, 425, 427, 428, 438, 496n, 541, 542, 562-564
return fares for mothers, 400, 401
– See also Midwives
Mead, Margaret, 413
Means tests, 154-161, 167, 178n, 206, 210, 212, 219, 220n, 250, 361, 399, 511, 515, 548
Medical certificates, 393, 399n, 418, 528
Medical Inspection and Feeding of Children attending Public Elementary Schools in England, Departmental Committee on, 1905, 507n
Medical Officer, 15n, 127n, 128n, 129n, 130n, 462n
Medical profession—See British Medical Association, Doctors
Medical Research Council, 78, 79, 341n, 474, 512n, 151n, 518n, 520, 524n, 526n
Mellanby, Professor E. (later Sir Edward), 514n
Mellanby, H., 526n
Mellanby, Dr. Kenneth, 127-129
Mellanby, M., 526n
Mental Health
Emergency Committee, 20, 379, 380n, 3881
Provisional National Council for, 125n, 377n, 381n
– See also Board of Control, Hospitals, Psychiatrists
– See also Morale, Neurosis, Psychiatrists
Mental Hygiene, National Council for, 381n
Mental Welfare, Central Association for, 381n
Middlesex Hospital, 457n
Midwives, 113, 221, 411n, 503n, 542
– See also Maternity services
Military Training Act, 1939, 81, 130, 516
Milk, 138, 145n, 222, 332, 401n, 510-513, 523n, 533
Distribution, Report of the Committee on, 513n
Marketing Board, 513n
priority on medical grounds, 513
safety of, 512
– See also National Milk Scheme, School meals and milk
Miller, E., 338n
Miners’ Welfare Commission, 473n
Minister of Aircraft Production (Lord Beaverbrook), 364
Ministry of Aircraft Production, 315n, 366, 470
Ministry of Civil Defence, proposals for, 275
Minister for the Coordination of Defence (Sir Thomas Inskip), 10n, 61, 63
(Lord Chatfield), 188n
Minister of Education (Mr. R. A. Butler), 407n, 436
Ministry of Education, 407n
– See also Board of Education
Ministry (Board) of Education, Chief Medical Officer, Reports of, 129, 131, 134, 135n, 149, 492, 510n, 522n, 526n, 530n
Minister of Food (Lord Woolton), 509n, 511, 512n, 518
Ministry of Food, 76, 89, 266, 267, 311, 315n, 320, 482, 512-514, 519n, 520, 523n
Ministry of Fuel and Power, 473n
Minister of Health (Mr. Neville Chamberlain), 270
(Mr. Walter Elliot), 35, 44, 126, 144, 165, 185n, 188n, 197, 230, 156
(Mr. Malcolm Macdonald), 228, 259, 263, 264, 275, 286, 287, 295, 364, 448n, 511
Ministry of Health, Parliamentary Secretary to (Miss Florence Horburgh), 177n
Ministry of Health, 3, 19-21, 54, 88, 232, 235, 269, 270, 315n, 339, 340, 519n, 520n, 529n
Advisory Committee on Evacuation—See Evacuation
Central Housing Advisory Committee, 177n
Chief Medical Officer, Reports of, 58n, 78n, 184n, 185n, 245n, 260n, 332n, 443n, 444n, 459n, 461n, 465n, 478n, 479n, 481n, 520n, 525n, 527n, 528n, 534n, 560n
and evacuation, 30, 32, 40-42, 50, 91-93, 107, 108, 110, 111, 117-122, 125n, 127, 144, 159n, 160n, 165, 168n, 170, 171, 172n, 179, 206, 207, 210, 213, 215, 219, 221, 222, 226-229, 244, 289, 358, 359, 361, 366, 367, 370, 371, 373, 375, 376, 379, 390-393, 395, 396, 399, 401, 405n, 424, 425n, 341, 434, 436, 544n
and the homeless, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51-53, 252-254, 265, 266, 270, 272, 278, 279, 281n, 284n, 288, 290, 300n, 302, 306, 307n, 309, 316, 318n
and hospitals, 6, 13, 15, 56-61, 63-66, 71n, 72, 75-78, 81-85, 113, 154, 187, 188, 190-192, 195-201, 220, 446, 447, 449, 452-456, 458, 460, 461, 463, 464, 467-471, 475, 476, 478, 479, 481n, 482, 483, 485-491, 493-497, 499, 501
and housing, 131n, 177n, 177n, 277n, 280, 295n, 364-366, 394
Monthly Survey of Sickness, 520, 527n
and public assistance, 14, 205, 210, 230, 415n
regional organisation, 60, 75, 89, 92, 111, 163, 171, 178n, 199n, 200, 229, 254, 256, 276n, 287, 290, 302, 315-317, 371, 373, 376n, 380, 386, 392, 399, 502
and the social services, 145n, 212, 264, 270, 291-293, 297, 309, 332, 377, 381, 384-386, 511, 512, 514n, 515
– See also Health Departments, and Scotland, Department of Health for
Ministry of Home Security, (Mr. Herbert Morrison), 275, 295, 317
Ministry of Home Security, 78n, 89, 289, 315n, 325, 326, 329, 343, 407n, 450n, 557-560
Research and Experiments Department of, 313n, 331n, 341, 555, 558
– See also Civil Defence
Ministry of Information, 144, 293, 315n, 331n
Ministry of Labour, 27, 315n, 364, 385n, 392, 393n, 412n, 420n, 473, 476, 478, 479n
Ministry of Pensions, 45n, 62, 159, 185n, 187n, 282, 298, 315n, 335n, 385n, 462, 476
Ministry of Reconstruction, report on the work of, 1918, 507n
Ministry of Shipping, 76
Ministry of Supply, 84, 265, 315n, 412n
Ministry of (War) Transport, 32, 110, 139n, 178n, 315n
Ministry of Works, 132, 178n, 186, 264, 265, 277n, 294, 315n, 411n
Mira, Professor, 20n
Mitford, N., 112n
Mobile canteens, 266, 267, 297, 311, 314, 320
– See also Communal feeding
Monckton, Sir W., 391n
Monthly Digest of Statistics, 510n, 512n, 513n
Morale and public order, 9, 10, 12, 16-22, 30, 50, 140, 142, 175, 303, 312, 313, 327, 429 and see generally Ch. XVII
First World War, 10, 12, 18, 22, 338, 347
– See also Neurosis
Morbidity—See Sickness rates
Morris, C., 195n
Morris, J. N., 529n
Morrison, Herbert, 29
– See also Home Secretary, Minister of Home Security
Mortality, 333-335, 497, 519-527, 531, 533-538, 557
infant, 131, 312, 332, 333, 509, 518, 519n, 520-522, 526, 530, 531, 537
neonatal, 536n
stillbirths, 519n, 521, 522, 526, 531n, 535, 536n, 537
– See also Accidents, Casualties
Mortuaries—See Burial of the dead
Mothers
in industry, 334, 411n, 412, 416, 418, 419, 420n, 423
unmarried, 72n, 211, 212, 386n, 415n, 426
and young children, welfare, of, 54, 153, 507, 511-514, 530, 532, 535
– See also Evacuation, Maternity services
Municipal hospitals—See Hospitals
Munich crisis, 8, 9, 17, 19, 29-31, 34, 35, 44, 46, 49, 59, 61, 77, 85, 86, 140, 176, 339n, 340, 387n, 548
–N–
National Camps Corporation Limited, 36, 153n, 373
National Council of Social Service, 292, 293, 302n, 310, 314n, 319n, 374, 391n
National Health Insurance, 189n, 227, 237, 519n, 527-529
Act, 1941, 515n
National Insurance Bill, 1946, 527n
Napoleonic War—See War
National Milk Scheme, 511-513, 516, 532
– See also Milk
National Register, 103, 208, 248n, 543n, 545-547
National Society of Children’s Nurseries, 377n
National Union of Teachers, 119
Navy—See Royal Navy
Neurosis, 18-20, 50n, 79, 80, 190, 338-341, 347, 349, 350, 479, 517
– See also Morale
Nursery Homes for the Children of War Workers, 377n
New Statesman and Nation, The, 300n
Nightingale, Florence, 54
Northern Ireland, 306, 367, 563
Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, 72n
Nurseries, 84, 112, 143, 543, 562
day, 374, 381n, 384, 415, 420n, 541
residential, 209-215, 242, 359, 372, 374-376, 381n, 383, 384, 386, 402, 405, 415, 425-428, 433n, 437-439, 563, 564
public assistance, 210, 212, 214, 415n
– See also Evacuation
Nursery centres, 167, 169, 170, 374
Nursery Schools Association, 169n, 377n
Nurses, 64, 70, 72, 74, 81, 82, 95, 97, 143, 145, 146n, 175, 401, 426, 448n, 452, 502, 503, 525n, 530
Working Party on the Recruitment and Training of, 499n
Nursing, 54, 82n, 452, 469, 503n, 506n
Reserve, Civil, 82
Nutrition, 332, 480-483, 509, 513, 514, 518, 519, 520n, 522, 523, 526
of schoolchildren, 130, 510, 520, 529n, 532, 533, 537, 538
– See also Food, Health in war, School meals and milk
–O–
O’Brien, T., 17n
Odham’s Printing Works, 13n
Odlum, D. M., 123n
Old age pensions—See Pensions
Old Age and Widows’ Pensions Act, 1940, 516n
Old people, 68, 216, 269, 333, 334, 360, 501, 532, 560
hostels for, 297, 368, 371, 425, 435n, 451
shelter evacuation scheme, 297, 450-452, 468, 500
– See also Chronic and aged sick, Evacuation, Pensions
O’Neill, boarding-out case, 391n
Opticians, 82
Orr, Sir John Boyd, 511
Orthopaedic Services, 72, 190, 192, 467, 469, 470, 473, 476-480, 493
– See also Rehabilitation
Orwin, C. S., 177n
Overcrowding—See Housing
Owen, C., 312n
Oxford House Settlement, Bethnal Green, 378
–P–
Pai, M. N., 122n
Panic—See Morale
Parliament—See House of Commons, House of Lords
Patent medicines, 528n, 529, 530
– See also Drugs and medicines
Penicillin, 531
Pensions, Ministry of—See Ministry of Pensions
Pensions, old age, 507, 514, 516
Pensions and Determination of Needs Act, 1943, 515n
Personal Injuries
compensation for, 13, 45, 46, 89, 95
(Emergency Provisions) Act, 1939, 45, 95n
Personal Service League, 374
Physical Deterioration, Interdepartmental Committee on, 1904, 507n
Physical Medicine, Advisory Committee on, 474n
Physical Training (Scotland), Royal Commission on, 1903, 507n
Play centres—See Evacuation
Plymouth American War Relief Trust, 378n
Police, 18n, 19, 20, 23, 24, 90, 315, 541, 557, 558
Political and Economic Planning, 71n, 471n
Pooley, Sir Ernest, 456n
Poor Law
Act, 1930, 45n, 157n, 211n, 256, 554
Amendment Act, 1834, 215, 216n
Commissioners Ninth Annual Report of, 1843, 205n
dependency rules, 156
medical services, 177, 227-230, 384
Royal Commission on, 1905-9, 206, 297
stigma of, 52, 67, 438, 501, 510, 514, 515n, 516n, 517
– See also Assistance Board, Homeless, Local government boundaries, Public Assistance
Population
movements, 14, 101, 102, 137, 138, 154, 208, 217, 345, 356, 363, 395, 413, 416, 492, 534, 543, 546, 547
– See also Evacuation, Removals
Royal Commission on, 536n
Royal Commission on the Distribution of, 10n
statistics of, 103n, 208, 323, 345, 364, 422n, 543n
Port of London Authority, 79n
Ports, air attack on—See generally Ch. XV, and 10, 442
Post-raid services—See generally Ch. IV, Ch. XIV, Ch. XV and 240, 323, 346, 385
– See also under First Air Services, Homeless, Rest Centres
Practitioner, The, 123n, 177n, 526n
Prague, 43
Precision bombing—See Bombing
Priestley Nurseries Limited, 377n
Prime Minister (Mr. Neville Chamberlain), 30, 185n
(Mr. Winston Churchill), 182, 185n, 244, 245, 254, 287, 293, 314n, 342, 429
(Mr. C. R. Attlee), 214n
Prisons and prisoners, 101, 339
Prisons, Commissioners of, and Directors of Convict Prisons, 339n
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 481n, 509n, 513n, 520n
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 535n
Psychiatrists and medical psychologists, 19, 20, 22, 121, 337-341, 344, 349, 429, 440
– See also Child guidance
Public Assistance, 116, 155n, 158, 160, 206, 211, 213, 270, 506, 516, 556
authorities, 159, 162, 210, 220, 222, 227, 230n, 251, 252, 271, 278, 467, 468
children in the care of, 210, 212-214, 229, 230, 384, 386n, 415, 435-438
and care of the homeless, 14n, 45, 48, 51, 52, 251-254, 256, 262-264, 267, 271
institutional and domiciliary relief, 90, 116, 134n, 161, 231, 554
institutions, 67-69, 70n, 72, 83, 101, 192, 415, 499n, 500, 501
officers, 214, 200, 254, 256, 262, 264, 291, 292, 385n, 500n, 515
– See also Assistance Board, Local government boundaries, Ministry of Health, Poor Law
Public Assistance Journal and Health and Hospital Review, 231, 500n, 501n
Public Health Act, 1936, 220
Public Health, 123n, 125n, 131n, 520n
Public opinion, 348, 400, 435, 483, 488, 501
Pybus, R., 481n
–Q–
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, 493
Quetta earthquake, 19
–R–
Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, 471n
Reception authorities—See Evacuation
Reconstruction, Ministry of—See Ministry of Reconstruction
Reconstruction, post-war, 504, 505, 508
Red Cross Society
American, 337n
British, 188, 261n, 269, 298, 314n, 377n, 460-464, 479n, 489, 499
– See also Hospitals: auxiliary
Refugees from abroad, 245, 246, 563
Regional
Commissioners, 17, 119n, 199, 275, 315, 317, 318, 366n
Medical Officers—See Hospitals: Emergency Hospital Service
Organisation of the Ministry of Health—See Ministry of Health
Regions, Civil Defence, 17
– See also Ministry of Home Security
Registrar-General, 139n, 161, 212n, 248n, 332n, 333, 341n, 407n, 436, 515n, 521-525, 531n, 534n, 536n, 537n, 528n, 557, 559
– See also General Register Office
Rehabilitation, 70n, 192, 473, 476-480, 483, 503
of Persons Injured by Accidents, Interdepartmental Committee on the, 65n, 477n
of Persons Injured through Enemy Action, Interdepartmental Conference on, 477n
and Resettlement of Disabled Persons, Interdepartmental Committee on, 478, 479
– See also Orthopaedic Services
Relief
– See also Homeless
in Kind Committee, Ministry of Health, 19n, 49-51, 252
Regulation Order, 1930, 230
Regulation (Amendment) Order, 1940, 230n
– See also Assistance Board, Financial distress, Poor Law, Public Assistance
Relieving Officers—See Public Assistance
Remand homes, 101
– See also Population movements
Repair of War Damage Act, 1941, 256n, 294n
Residential nurseries—See Nurseries
Rest centres, 52, 53, 240, 251, 253, 258-260, 263, 268, 269, 272-274, 276, 277, 279, 283n, 289-291, 293, 294, 296-298, 300-302, 307, 310, 314n, 317-320, 323, 331, 344, 346, 350, 428n, 450, 534
equipment of, 93, 252, 253, 255, 261-267, 269, 302
food in, 251, 253, 255, 260, 266, 267, 269
and public assistance, 51, 52, 251, 252, 254, 262-264, 267, 271
staffing of, 269, 270, 290, 298, 323
structural protection of, 255, 266
– See also Homeless
Reynolds News, 436n
Rickman, J., 436n
Rockets—See Bombs
Rocket Consequences Committee, 428
Rotterdam, 337
Rowntree, Seebohm, 132n
Royal Air Force, 187n, 192n 400n
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 411n
Royal Commission on Population, 536n
Royal Free Hospital, 457n
Royal Navy, 60, 120, 121, 134, 17n
Royal Society of Medicine, Proceedings of the, 123n, 133n
Royal Statistical Society, 520n
Rural areas, social conditions in, 111, 145n, 177
Russell, W. T., 519n
Ryle, Professor J. A., 475n
–S–
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, 457n
St. Pancras County Colony, 368n
St. Stephen’s Hospital, 448n
St. Thomas’s Hospital, 457n
Sanatoria—See Tuberculosis
Sand, René, 535
Sanitary system, danger to, 10, 14
Sanitation, 91
– See also Lavatories
Save the Children Federation of New York, 377n
Save the Children Fund, 377
Scotland, 374n
Scabies, 114, 131, 332, 404, 420, 421
School leaving age, 96
Schools
attendance, 147, 312, 405n, 408, 416-422
buildings
requisitioning of, 94, 95, 147, 407, 408
closure and reopening of, 26, 94, 143, 146, 147, 156, 243, 405, 408, 417, 423
meals and milk, 54, 138, 144-147, 149, 164, 166, 177, 222, 223, 312, 375, 387, 507, 509, 510, 512, 514, 536
medical service, 54, 127-129, 133, 134, 138, 145, 147, 149, 151, 155, 177, 219, 223, 225, 227, 229, 312, 421n, 510, 526, 530
population, 105, 406, 407, 417
secondary, 147, 164, 373, 382, 393, 396, 406, 427n
size of classes, 405-407, 417, 423
teachers, 95, 312, 407, 412, 421, 510
shortage of, 407, 408, 417, 423
truancy, 419
Scientific and Industrial Research, Department of, 329n
Scotland, 125, 306, 319, 320, 406, 521, 522, 524-526, 528n, 557
clothing for necessitous children, 118
Department of Education for, 147, 509n
Department of Health for, 88, 144n, 306n, 328n, 520n, 525n, 526n
and evacuation, 32, 39, 41, 111, 144n, 180n, 374, 386
and the homeless, 53, 319, 386
and hospitals, 60n, 61, 64, 84, 472, 495-497
– See also Health Departments
evacuation, 29, 33n, 36, 39, 41, 103, 104, 108, 113, 174, 248, 357, 362, 363, 367, 369n, 373, 426n, 432, 545n, 546, 551, 552, 562-564
experiments in social medicine, 472, 473, 476n, 477, 494-496
hospitals, 60n, 63, 81n, 185n, 463, 466, 477, 494-496
school meals and milk, 149, 510n
Secretary of State for (Mr. John Colville), 144, 179, 188
(Mr. Thomas Johnston), 504, 509m, 518n
Supplementary Medical Service, 472
Scottish Housing Advisory Committee, 132n
Scottish Special Housing Association, 36, 153n
Secretary of State for Air (Sir Archibald Sinclair), 555n
Select Committee on National Expenditure, 199, 200
Service
Departments, 32, 62, 162, 476, 479
Services
compassionate leave, 209, 414, 415, 424
families of men in the, 414, 415, 425, 532
hospitals run by the, 57n, 60-62, 185n, 462, 463, 465, 478, 497n
– See also Armed Forces, Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy
Settlement
Act, 1662, 204
and Removal, 203, 204, 214-216, 222, 230
and Removal, Law of, 52, 205, 206n, 230, 554
– See also Poor Law, Public Assistance
Shakespeare, G., 180n
Shakespeare Committee of Inquiry into Conditions in Reception Areas, 378, 386
Sheldon, J. H., 501n
Shell Shock, Report of Inquiry into, 340n
Shelters—See Air raid shelters
Shipping Federation, 393n
Shipping, Ministry of—See Ministry of Shipping
Shoes—See Children’s shoes
Sickbays—See Evacuation
Sickness
benefit, claims for in the First World War, 347, 527
Monthly Survey of, Ministry of Health, 520, 527n
rates, 492, 519, 523, 527, 528, 533, 537
Simnel, E., 349n
Simmins, C. A., 122n
Simon, Sir John—See Chancellor of the Exchequer
Sinclair, Sir Archibald—See Secretary of State for Air
Singer C., 54n
Skin diseases, 72, 114, 131, 312, 332, 404, 420, 421
Slany, A., 343n
Slums, 124
Social legislation, post-war, 216
Social services
disruption of by war, 138, 141, 146, 149, 150, 217, 312, 506, 509
expansion of in war, 217, 386, 435, 438, 502, 503, 506, 515
and local government boundaries, 150, 151, 203, 205, 207, 210, 217, 223, 224, 228, 235, 252, 254, 278, 370
– See also Financial policy
Social Survey, The, 132n, 411n, 418n
Social welfare, expansion of government responsibilities, 217, 386, 502, 503, 506, 508
Social workers—See generally Ch. XIX (ii) and 287, 289-291, 297, 371, 376-378, 390, 391, 434, 438, 472n
psychiatric, 379-382
– See also Almoners, Voluntary social work
Soldiers’, Sailors’ and Airmen’s Families’ Association, 211n, 277n, 415n
Soldiers’ and Sailor’s Help Society, 377n
Spain, 9
experience of air attack in, 8, 13, 14, 18, 20n, 47, 48, 70
Special Commissioners for London, 258
– See also Sir Warren Fisher, Mr. Charles Key and Mr. H. U. Willink
Spence, J. C., 423n
Spicer, C. C., 343n
Spivs, 410
Standard of living, 520, 522, 530, 532, 526
– See also Cost of living
Standing Joint Committee of Industrial Women’s Organisations, 169n
Stanley, Lady, 111
Star, The London, 436n
Statute of Elizabeth, 1601, 204
Stewart, D. N., 343n
Stillbirths—See Mortality
Stocks, Dr. P., 335n, 518n, 520n, 525n, 526n, 527n, 523n, 535n, 538
Structural Precautions, 47, 48n
Committee—See Home Office
Stuart-Harris, C. H., 534n
Supplementary Medical Service, Scotland, 472
Supplementary Pensions—See Old age pensions
Supply of equipment—See Equipment
Supply Departments, 364
Supply, Ministry of—See Ministry of Supply
–T–
Teachers—See under Evacuation, Schools
National Union of, 119
Thompson, Francis, 439
Times, The, 31n, 90, 102n, 105, 135, 198n, 300n, 436n, 508, 516, 518n, 519n
Times and Talents Holiday Settlement, Bermondsey, 378n
Tokyo, 132
Trade, Board of—See Board of Trade
Transferred war workers, 245n, 255, 364-368, 385, 394, 395, 401, 469, 528, 562
Transport, 8, 16, 25—See under Evacuation
Ministry of (War)—See Ministry of (War) Transport
Treasury, The, 21n, 35, 52, 53, 58, 61, 77, 81, 85, 91, 92, 113, 118, 140, 156, 157, 163, 164, 169-172, 186, 200n, 227n, 229n, 252, 253, 263, 296n, 314n, 361, 376, 379, 397, 399, 454, 477, 478, 509, 511, 515n
– See also Chancellor of the Exchequer
Trekking, 257, 271, 272, 306-309, 311-313, 341, 342, 344
Trotter, Wilfred, 22n
Tube stations—See Underground railways
Tubercle, 519n
Tuberculosis, 68n, 70n, 72, 101, 178n, 193, 194, 196, 219, 223n, 226, 391, 479,l 496n, 497, 500n, 509, 512n, 518-520, 524-526, 531n, 538
allowances, 515
mass radiography, 525n
Report of Committee of Inquiry into the Anti-Tuberculosis Service in Wales and Monmouthshire, 178n
–U–
Underground railways, 8, 18, 22, 107, 274, 331, 342-345, 429n, 534
Unemployment, 45, 90, 117, 117n, 140, 154, 161, 284, 313, 347, 522, 528, 529
Assistance Board—See Assistance Board
Assistance (Emergency Powers) Act, 1939, 167
Unexploded bombs—See Bombs
Ungerson, Lt.-Col., 409n
United States Strategic Bombing Survey, 256n, 257n, 305, 327, 339n, 412n
University College Hospital, 457n
–V–
Verdon-Roe, C. M., 511n
Vermin, 312
– See also Lice
Veneral disease, 54
Vital statistics, 333, 492, 522, 524, 531-535
– See also Birth rate, Mortality, Population
Voluntary Air Detachments, 448
Voluntary hospitals—See Hospitals
Voluntary social work, 94, 119, 169, 210, 211, 217, 258, 261, 262, 264, 266, 267,m 269, 282, 288-292, 298, 299, 302, 312, 315, 319,m 323, 346, 368, 372, 374-378, 381, 402
– See also Social workers
–W–
Wagner, G., 180n
Waifs and Strays Society, 377
Waiting lists—See Hospitals
Wales, 65n, 67n, 68, 70, 71n, 101, 125, 177n, 178n, 194n, 320, 393, 492, 547, 553
War
1914-1918—See First World War
Cabinet—See Cabinet
damage—See Air raid damage
and health—See Health
Office, 19, 22, 57, 61, 82, 84, 88n, 128, 159, 187, 188, 209, 211n, 265n, 294, 407n, 409n, 414, 463, 464, 475n
Risks Insurance—See Air attack: compensation for property owners
service grants, 285n
Warren, Dr. M., 72n
Water supplies, 8, 14,16, 311, 534
Waterloo, Battle of, 507
Webb, Beatrice and Sidney, 205n, 206
Webster, R. C., 123n
Weir Conference, 16n
Weitzman, Dr. S., 107n, 112n, 177n, 510n
Welfare food schemes, 401, 507, 513, 514, 533
– See also National Milk Scheme
Welfare officers—See Social workers
Welsh National Memorial Association, 101, 194n
Westminster, Archbishop of, 436n
Whiddington, R., 329n
White, G., 163n
Widdowson, E. M., 511n
Wiener Klinische Wochenscrift, 343
Willink, H. U., 258, 266n, 279n, 284n, 286-289, 297, 306
– See also Minister of Health
Wills, L., 518n
Wilson, A. T. M., 338n
Wilson Sir Charles (later Lord Moran), 75
Wilson Committee, 1938, 64n
Winser, de R., D. M., 343n
Wittkower, E., 338n
Wolf K. M., 439n
Women, mobilisation of, 412, 424
– See also Manpower, Mothers in industry
Women’s
Auxiliary Services, 128, 333, 401
Committee for Peace and Democracy, 169n
Group on Public Welfare, 115n, 120n, 132n, 169n, 179n
Institutes, National Federation of, 125n, 169, 177n, 178n, 180n, 319n, 374, 376, 385n, 391n
Voluntary Services, 106, 169, 180n, 229n, 253, 262, 264, 265n, 266, 267, 280n, 282, 290, 291, 298-300, 310, 315n, 319n, 374, 375, 377n, 385n, 391n, 394n, 399n, 415n
Wood, Sir Kingsley—See Chancellor of the Exchequer
Woolton, Lord—See Minister of Food
Wootton, B., 155n
Works, Ministry and Office of—See Ministry and Office of Works
Wright, G. P., 531n
Wyatt, S., 419n
–Y–
Young Men’s Christian Association, 266, 308
Young Women’s Christian Association, 374
Youth organizations, 148
Yudkin, J., 522n