Index
–A–
A-24: 158
Abraham Island: 182, 304, 306-07, 308, 309-11, 324
Adams, Maj. Hewitt D.: 155
Aerial reconnaissance. See Reconnaissance, U.S.
A-frames: 190
Agattu: 10
AGC
Appalachian: 172. 193, 305, 311
for Carolines operations: 16
need for: 162
Rocky Mount: 172, 220, 227, 229, 251
Ailinginae Atoll: 367
Ailinglapalap Atoll: 366-67
Air attacks, Japanese
on Butaritari: 62
on Ellice Islands: 53
on Gilberts convoy: 58-59
on Tarawa: 194
Air attacks, U.S. carrier-based
on Apamama: 53-54
appraisal of: 160
on Butaritari: 99, 104n, 105, 109, 111, 112-13, 118
on Carlson: 225
on Ivan and Jacob: 306
Japanese reaction to: 67
on Kwajalein Island: 199-202, 203, 205, 222-23, 232, 233, 253, 254, 256, 259
on Makin: 53-54, 55-56, 67, 75-76, 83, 88
on Maloelap: 205
on Marianas: 334
on Rabaul: 70
on Roi-Namur: 199-202, 203, 205, 305-06, 308, 311, 313, 319, 324-25
on Tarawa: 53-54, 56, 67, 129, 129n. 130-31, 135, 147, 150
on Truk: 333, 334, 338-39, 373
on Wotje: 199, 202, 203, 204-05
Air attacks, U.S. land-based
on Betio: 67
in Central Pacific: 157-58
on Jaluit: 53, 197-98, 204, 366, 367, 368
Japanese reaction to: 52, 53, 54, 67
on Kwajalein Island: 202, 204, 230-32
on Little Makin: 53
on Maleolap: 53, 194-97, 204, 366, 367, 369
on Milk: 53, 194-95, 204-05, 366, 367
on Roi-Namur: 204
on Taroa: 204
on Wotje: 198-99, 202, 204, 366, 367, 368
Air bases. See Airfields.
Air Forces, U.S. See Eleventh Air Force; Seventh Air Force; Thirteenth Air Force.
Air liaison parties, U.S.: 104-05, 104n, 185
Air losses, Japanese: 59, 194, 196, 197, 199-202, 211
Engebi: 339
in Gilberts operations: 53, 54-55, 56
Rabaul: 70
Truk: 339
Air losses, U.S.: 53, 54, 197, 249, 339
Air plans, U.S.
for Carolines: 16
for Marshalls: 15
Air support, U.S. See Air attacks, U.S. carrier-based; Air attacks, U.S. land-based.
Aircraft carriers, Japanese: 68-69
Aircraft carriers, U.S.: 134
Bunker Hill: 203
for Carolines: 16
Coral Sea: 232
Corregidor: 232
Cowpens: 203
and Eniwetok operations: 336
Essex: 203
at Kwajalein Atoll: 232
Langley: 203
Manila Bay: 232
Monterey: 203
at northern Kwajalein Atoll: 313
Princeton: 203
Saratoga: 203
Truk: 338-39
Airfields
Apamama: 158
Betio: 43, 65, 67-68, 139, 148-50, 153, 155, 158
Buota: 158
Burton: 211
Canton: 157
Dalap: 367
Funafuti: 157
Kwajalein Island: 172, 202, 203, 211, 214-15, 241, 246, 249, 254, 368
Marshalls: 168, 172, 174, 180, 207-08
Mille: 53, 56, 168, 194, 195, 211, 212
Nukufetau: 52-53
Roi: 172, 174, 180-81, 199-202, 203, 211-12, 214, 315, 317, 321, 368
Truk: 339
Wotje: 172, 174, 199, 204, 211-12
Aitsu Island. See Camellia Island.
AK: 192
AKA
and Carolines operations: 16
and Eniwetok operations: 336
and Gilberts operations: 24, 35, 49-51, 49n, 31n, 75
at Kwajalein Atoll: 225-27
and Marshalls operations: 173-74, 191-92, 193
Virgo: 225
Akiyama, Rear Adm. Monzo: 216
Alaska: 9
Albert Island: 182
operations on: 304, 306-11, 331
Albert Junior Island: 309
Aleutian Islands: 5, 9, 10, 15, 17, 17n, 20, 45, 49, 65, 159
Aliso Canyon: 186
Allen Island: 182
operations on: 304, 306-09, 331
“Alligators.” See LVTs.
AM’s. See Mine sweepers, U.S.
Amey, Lt. Col. Herbert R., USMC: 138, 139
Ammunition, Japanese
shortage of in Gilberts: 56
supply of: 74
Ammunition, U.S. appraisal of: 160-61
armor-piercing: 160
expenditure of, on Kwajalein Island: 250-51, 250n
for Gilberts operations: 51
for Marshalls operations: 187-88, 191, 193
4.5-inch rocket: 160-61
6-inch: 160
14-inch: 230
75-mm.: 238
Amphibian tanks. See LVT(A)’s.
Amphibian tractors. See LVTs.
Amphibian trucks. See DUKWs.
Amphibious operations, U.S.
at Apamama: 156
appraisal of: 158-59, 159n, 163-64, 165
at Burton: 294-95
at Engebi: 344-48
at Eniwetok Island: 349-60
at Kwajalein Atoll: 218, 219-40
at Majuro: 302-04
at Makin: 75-88
at northern Kwajalein Atoll: 305-07
at Parry: 363-65
at Roi-Namur: 311-32
supply: 145-47
tactical: 130-44
tactical plans for: 166-82
tactics of: 371-72
at Tarawa: 130-55
training for: 184, 185, 186-87
Amphibious Training Command: 186
Anderson: 312
Anderson, Pfc. Richard B., USMC: 321n
Andrew Island: 308
Angluin, Lt. Col. David X.: 187
APA: 35n
Cambria: 172, 192, 302, 336, 339
for Carolines operations: 16
and Eniwetok operations: 336, 339
in Gilberts operations: 24, 49, 49n, 51, 51n
at Kwajalein Atoll: 225-27
Leonard Wood: 49, 49n, 75, 79, 102, 105, 125
McCawley: 37
in Marshalls operations: 15, 172, 173-74, 191, 192
Neville: 37, 49, 49n, 76, 82, 86, 113n
President Polk: 225-27
for Tarawa: 35
Apamama Atoll: 58
air attacks on: 54
airfield on: 158
tactical plans for: 25, 34, 35, 39, 43
target date for: 26-27
APD
and Eniwetok operations: 336, 344, 345
at Kwajalein Atoll: 219, 220-21, 290, 291, 300
and Majuro operations: 302-04
and Marshalls operations: 173-74, 179, 192. 193
Overton: 219, 220-21, 290, 291, 300
Schley: 345
Appalachian: 172, 193, 305, 311
Arafura Sea: 1 1
Argonaut: 61
Armored amphibian tractors. See LVT(A)s.
Arnold, Brig. Gen. Archibald V.: 175, 225
Arnold, General Henry H.: 23, 372-73
Arnold Island: 178
Artillery, Japanese
on Kwajalein Island: 252, 260, 281
Artillery. U.S.
appraisal of: 161
and Burton operations: 295, 297, 298
on Butaritari: 99, 100, 112, 113, 118, 119
on Carlson: 221, 224-27, 229, 230, 233
and Eniwetok operations: 338, 344, 345, 360, 364
and Kwajalein operations: 238, 243, 248-49, 250-51, 250n, 253, 257-58, 258n, 261
and Makin operations: 42, 43, 106, 107
and Marshalls operations: 173, 174, 175, 177-78, 180. 182, 189-90, 193
at northern Kwajalein Atoll: 304, 308, 309-11, 324
as part of communications net: 105
and Roi-Namur: 312
tactics: 371
and Tarawa operations: 43, 146, 147, 148, 150-51, 154, 155
Ashberry Island: 299
Aso, Col. Tarokichi: 216
Assault and demolition teams, Marine: 325n, 326
Atago: 70
Attack cargo ships. See AKAs.
Attack transports. See APAs.
August Island: 299
Augustine Island: 299
Aulich, Lt. Col. Carl H.: 275, 276
Australian Army: 17
Ayers, Col. Russell A.: 336, 349, 356, 359
–B–
B-24: 52, 53-54, 55, 67, 158, 193-94, 196, 197-99, 230
Baker Island: 52, 53. 61. 157, 194, 196, 198
Bangalore torpedoes. See Weapons, U.S., bangalore torpedoes.
Barbed wire, Japanese: 90, 98, 138
Barber, Capt. Mark E.: 289
Barney Island: 299
Bascome Island: 299
Bates, 1st Lt. Robert T.: 354
Battleships, Japanese: 68-69
Battleships, U.S.
for Carolines operations: 16
Colorado: 129, 305, 312, 344, 345
and Eniwetok operations: 336, 344, 345, 363
in Gilberts operations: 24, 38, 58
at Kwajalein Atoll: 221-23, 229, 230, 251, 253
and Makin operations: 35, 40, 75, 117
in Marshalls operations: 173-74, 202, 205
Maryland: 38, 129, 141, 145-46, 150, 161, 162, 305, 307, 312
New Jersey: 339
at northern Kwajalein Atoll: 305, 307, 312
Pennsylvania: 117, 222-23, 229, 230, 345, 363
and Tarawa operations: 35, 40, 141, 145-46, 150, 161, 162
Tennessee: 305, 312, 344, 345. 363
and Truk operations: 339
Bayonets. See Weapons, Japanese, bayonets; Weapons, U.S., bayonets.
Bazookas. See Weapons, U.S., rocket launchers, 2.36-inch.
Bearss, Lt. Col. Ernest H.: 233
Bellatrix: 51n
Bennett Island: 178. 216, 290, 299, 300-301
Berger, Capt. Henry: 94
Bering Strait: 5
Beru Atoll: 63-64
Betio: 48, 59, 159, 161, 163, 164, 332. See also Gilbert Islands; Tarawa Atoll.
airfield: 43, 65, 67-68, 139, 148-50, 153, 155, 158
bombardment of: 129-32
Burns-Philp Wharf. 139, 142, 147, 148, 151, 153
Central Pier: 43, 135-37, 138, 139, 142, 145, 147, 148, 151
description of: 31, 32-33, 132, 135-37
estimate of Japanese strength on: 43
forces for: 43
Green Beach: 142, 150, 151, 153
Japanese defense of: 128-29, 130, 132, 134, 135-37, 141, 147, 150-51, 154, 155
Japanese defenses on: 31, 33-34, 73-74, 128, 131-32, 135-37, 143
Japanese strength on: 73
landing operations on: 132-55
Long Pier: 138
Red Beach 1: 43, 127, 132-35, 137, 138, 139-41, 142, 146-47, 150, 151, 153
Red Beach 2: 43, 127, 132, 134, 135-38, 139-41, 142, 143, 144, 146-47, 148, 150, 151, 153
Red Beach 3: 43, 127, 131, 132, 138-39, 141-42, 147, 148, 161
supply operations on: 144-47, 148
tactical plans for: 43, 127, 132, 147-48, 150, 151, 153-54
Beverly Island: 178, 223, 290, 300
Biddle: 51n
Bigej Island. See Bennett Island.
Bismarck Archipelago: 4, 5, 15, 17, 60, 65
Black: 302
Blaettler, Capt. Peter: 276
Blakenship Island: 178, 290, 298, 299
Boat teams, Marine: 325n
Bogon Island. See Zinnia Island.
Bombardment Squadron, 392nd U.S.: 230
Bombers, heavy, U.S. See B-24’s.
Bombers, medium, U.S. See B-25’s.
Bombers, very long range, U.S. See B-29’s.
Bonin Islands: 5
Borucki, S. Sgt. Raymond: 288
Bradt, Maj. Edward T.: 77, 119, 122, 124
Brink, Lt. Col. Francis H.: 326
Brink, Sgt. Leonard C.: 220
British Chiefs of Staff: 7, 12
British Eastern Fleet: 10
British Mandated Islands: 62
Brown, Capt. Robert S.: 85
Browne, Col. Harold G.: 76, 76n
Brunelli, Lt. Col. A. R., USMC: 322n
Buariki Island: 155
Bullard: 302
Buna: 20
Bunker Hill: 203
Burma: 4, 10, 13, 16, 19, 20, 60. See also China–Burma–India theater.
Burton Island
airfield: 211
description of: 291-93
intelligence on: 175
Japanese artillery on: 252
Japanese defense of: 295-98
Japanese defenses on: 175, 178, 215, 293
Japanese strength on: 213, 215, 216, 217
as naval base: 368
naval bombardment of: 223, 229, 230, 264
Orange Beach 4: 294-96
reconnaissance of: 293, 294, 297
tactical plans for: 178, 259, 291, 294
Buster Island: 175, 178, 290, 295, 298
Butaritari: 59, 63. See also Gilbert Islands; Makin Atoll.
Carlson’s raid on, 1942: 61-62, 73
Citadel area: 41, 82, 88, 97, 100
communications on: 103-06
description of: 29-30
East Tank Barrier: 71, 76, 82, 85, 88, 89, 112, 116, 118-19, 122
at end of D Day: 100-101
forces for: 40-41
Government Wharf: 30
hulks off of: 86-88, 91, 98, 110
hydrographic conditions at: 102
intelligence on: 77
Japanese defense of: 89-91, 93-94, 96-97, 98, 99-100, 113-14
Japanese defenses on: 30-31, 41, 42, 71-73, 75-76, 90-91, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 107-08, 114-16
Japanese strength on: 71
King’s Wharf: 30, 42, 71, 76, 82, 83-85, 98, 99, 100, 102, 107-08, 113, 116, 118
mopping-up operations on: 90-91, 98-99, 100, 108-111
naval bombardment of: 62
On Chong’s Wharf: 30, 42, 62, 82, 83-85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 108, 109
operations on: 75-88, 89-101, 102-11, 112-25
Red Beach: 41, 42, 75, 76, 78, 79, 83, 96, 102, 103-04, 105, 106, 107, 109, 116, 117
Red Beach 2: 41, 42, 75, 76, 77, 78-79, 102, 103-04, 105, 106-07, 109, 116, 117, 124
supply operations on: 102, 109
tactical plans for: 41-43, 89, 91, 93. 94, 96, 98, 101, 108, 112, 117, 118, 122
West Tank Barrier: 41, 42-43, 71, 75, 82, 85, 89-97, 89n, 98, 100, 106-07, 108-09, 110-11, 112, 116, 117, 119
Yellow Beach: 42, 75, 76, 82-88, 89, 91, 94, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 109, 112, 116, 117, 118, 160
Butaritari Village: 30, 31, 82, 85
Byron Island: 175, 178, 290, 298
–C–
Cambria: 172, 192, 302, 336, 339
Camellia Island: 338, 344, 345
Camp Pendleton: 186
Cannon Companies
of the 32nd Infantry: 238, 250, 257
of the 106th Infantry: 338, 345, 355, 356, 357
of 165th Infantry: 49
of 184th Infantry: 238, 250, 280
Canton Island: 52, 54, 67, 157, 194, 196, 198
Cargo ships. See AK’s; AKAs.
Carlos Island: 177, 178, 179, 180, 216, 290, 291, 294, 299, 300
operations on: 221-22, 223-24, 228-29, 259, 278
Carlson, Lt. Col. Evans F., USMC: 28-29, 61-62, 146
operations on: 221-22, 224-29, 230, 235, 239, 243, 246-47, 248-49, 250-51, 250n, 252, 253, 257-58, 258n, 259, 261, 281, 295
tactical plans for: 174-75, 174n, 177-78, 179-80
Carlson’s raid, effect of, on Japanese strategy: 209
Caroline Islands: 5, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 62, 165, 166-67, 206, 207, 208, 210, 333, 334, 373
Carrier Force. See Task Force 58.
Carter Island: 177, 178, 179, 216, 219-20, 300
CARTWHEEL. See Rabaul.
Casablanca Conference: 7-10, 16
Casualties, Japanese
Burton: 298
Butaritari: 100
Chauncey: 291
Clifton: 299
Engebi: 248
Ivan: 306
Jacob: 306
Kwajalein Island: 244, 248, 278
northern Kwajalein Atoll: 311
southern Kwajalein Atoll: 301
Casualties, U.S.
in Carlson’s raid, 1942: 62
Chauncey: 291
Engebi: 348
Eniwetok Atoll: 365
Eniwetok Island: 360
Kwajalein Atoll: 289, 301, 311
Kwajalein Island: 248, 253, 259, 278
Makin: 125
naval: 125-26
Tarawa: 133, 134, 139, 141-42, 155, 156, 157, 159
CCS. See Combined Chiefs of Staff.
Cecil Island: 177, 178, 179, 219-21, 300
Cecil Pass: 177
Central Pacific Area: 368
Japanese strategy in: 60-61, 62-67, 206-09, 212-13
organization of: 5-6
U.S. strategy in: 3-4, 9-12, 13-17, 18-25, 157-58, 165, 218, 370-74
Chain of command, U.S.
for Marshalls: 170-72, 187, 191
in Pacific: 4-6
Chambers, Lt. Col. Justice M.: 306, 308, 309
Chandler: 302
Chasmar, Capt. Paul J.: 89
Chauncey: 302
Chauncey Island: 219, 221, 228, 290-91
Chemical Company, 91st: 238, 250, 261
Chenango: 305
Chester Island: 290
Chief of Staff, U.S. Army. See Marshall, General George C,
China: 12-13, 14, 16. See also China-Burma-India theater.
China-Burma-India theater: 9, 10, 12, 13, 15
Churchill, Winston S.: 7, 12, 16, 23
CL(AA). See Cruisers, U.S.
Claire, Maj. Dennis D.: 88, 98
Close air support, U.S.: 161-62. See also Air attacks, U.S. carrier-based; Air attacks, U.S. land-based.
Coast Artillery Battalions (AA)
Coastwatchers: 63-64
Coates, Capt. Charles E., Jr.: 94, 96, 110
Collins, Pvt. Elmer: 289
Colorado: 129, 305, 312, 344, 345
Combined Chiefs of Staff: 7n, 9, 23
and strategy in Pacific: 12, 14-17, 372-73
Combined Fleet: 5, 68, 334, 339
Combined Staff Planners: 16
Commander, Support Aircraft, Gilberts. See Eareckson, Col. William O.
Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet. See King, Admiral Ernest J.
Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific
Ocean Areas. See Nimitz, Admiral Chester W. Communications, Japanese: 67, 108, 116, 132, 154
Communications, U.S.
efficiency of: 90, 96, 103-05, 105n, 161-63, 286. 312, 313-14, 318
Gilberts operations: 43, 90, 96, 103-05. 105n, 138, 145-46, 148, 151
Kwajalein Atoll: 239
Marshalls operations: 183-84, 185, 186
radar: 172
radio: 86, 90, 93, 103, 138, 139, 142, 145-46, 148, 151, 172, 305, 312, 313-14
ship-to-shore: 105
tank-infantry: 79. 93, 104, 318, 327
telephone: 103
Conolly, Rear Adm. Richard L. See also Task Force 53.
command of: 170
and logistics for Task Force 53: 193
and Roi-Namur operations: 305-06, 307, 308, 313, 314, 332
and tactical plans for Marshalls: 173
and training of Task Force 53: 186
Conroy, Col. Gardiner J.: 96-97, 97n, 106
Contreras, Pvt. Arthur T.: 270, 271
Cook. Lt. Col. Jesse S., USMC: 190
Coral Sea: 232
Coral Sea, Battle of: 5
Corlett, Maj. Gen. Charles H. See also Infantry Divisions, 7th; Task Group 56.1.
command of: 170-71
and Kwajalein operations: 221, 225, 227, 251, 253, 261, 264, 265, 277, 289
and tactical plans for Kwajalein: 175
and training of 7th Division: 184
Cornett, Lt. Col. Winslow: 350, 356
Corregidor: 232
Cosgrove, Lt. Col. John J., Jr.: 321
Cowpens: 203
CPS. See Combined Staff Planners.
Crowe, Maj. Henry P., USMC: 139, 143-44, 146, 148, 151
Cruisers, Japanese: 68-69, 70, 199-202, 339
for Carolines operations: 16
and Eniwetok operations: 348, 349, 363, 365
for Gilberts: 24, 35, 38, 40, 58, 75, 105
at Kwajalein Atoll: 222-23, 229, 230, 249, 251, 253, 302, 305, 312
Louisville: 305, 312, 345, 363
in Marshalls: 15, 173-74, 199, 202, 205
Minneapolis: 105, 223, 230, 249, 253, 295
Portland: 302
San Francisco: 222-23, 229, 230, 295
and Truk operations: 339
Crutchley, Rear Adm. Victor A. C., R.N.: 37
Cumming, Col. Samuel C., USMC: 306, 306n, 309
Curtis: 53
Custer: 349
CV. See Aircraft carriers, U.S.
CVE.
Chenango: 305
and Eniwetok operations: 336
at Kwajalein Atoll: 278, 302, 305, 308
Liscome Bay: 126
and Makin operations: 35, 39, 126
in Marshalls operations: 173, 175
Nassau: 302
Natoma Bay: 302
Sangamon: 305
CVL. See Aircraft carriers, U.S.
–D–
Dalton, Warrant Officer (j.g.) John T.: 190
Dashiell: 129-30, 131, 139, 150
DeFabees, S. Sgt Emmanuel F.: 110-11
Defense Forces and Land Based Air. See Task Force 57.
Defenses, Japanese
Betio: 31, 33-34, 73-74, 128, 131-32, 135-37, 143
Butaritari: 30-31, 41, 42, 71-73, 75-76, 90-91, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 107-08, 114-16
Eniwetok Atoll: 339-43
Eniwetok Island: 336, 342, 347-48, 351-53, 355
Jaluit: 208-09
Kwajalein Island: 209, 211, 212, 213, 214-15, 242, 244, 246, 254-55, 256-57, 262-64, 266, 283
Makin: 48, 65, 71-73. 74, 75-76, 85
Maloelap: 208-09
Marshalls: 206-10, 211, 212-18
Parry: 336, 341, 347-48, 363-64
Tarawa: 48, 62, 65, 73-74, 128, 132, 135-37, 143
Wotje: 209
Demolition Team I: 337
Denig, Capt. James L.: 329
Destroyer Division 96: 302
Anderson: 312
Black: 302
Bullard: 302
for Carolines operations: 16
Chauncey: 302
Dashiell: 129-30, 131, 139, 150
and Eniwetok operations: 336, 344, 345, 349, 363, 364, 365
Franks: 294
and Gilberts operations: 38, 57, 58, 91
Haraden: 307
Heermann: 344
Kidd: 302
at Kwajalein Atoll: 222-23, 229, 250, 251, 252, 253, 294, 302, 305, 306, 307, 308, 312, 313, 314
for Makin: 35, 40, 42, 75, 76, 83, 105
and Marshalls operations: 16, 173-71, 199, 202, 205
McCord: 344
McKee: 223
Morris: 312
Mustin: 312
Phelps: 76, 83, 105, 306, 307, 308, 313, 314, 345
Porterfield: 307
Ringgold: 129-30, 131, 139, 146, 150, 222-23, 230
Russell: 312
Stevens: 223
and Tarawa operations: 35, 40, 129-31, 139, 146, 150, 156
and Truk operations: 339
Detachment Z. See Infantry Regiments, 105th.
Dillon, Lt. Col. Edward J.: 313, 314, 316, 317, 319, 321
DMSs. See Mine sweepers, U.S.
Doyen: 51n
Drexel, Capt. Gilbert: 221
DUKWs: 371
and Eniwetok operations: 337, 344
at Kwajalein Atoll: 227, 232, 238, 259
in Marshalls: 180, 184, 189-90, 192
shortage of: 338
Durand, Lt. Col. William R.: 110, 117
Dyess, Lt. Col. Aquilla J., USMC: 331, 331n
–E–
Eareckson, Col. William O.: 36-39, 161
Ebeye Island. See Burton Island.
Edmondson, Lt. Col. Harmon L.: 91
Edson, Col. Merritt A.: 151
Eleventh Air Force: 37
ELKTON: 11
Eller Island. See Clifton Island.
Ellice Islands: 39, 52-53, 148, 157, 172, 202, 209
Embick, Lt. Gen. Stanley D.: 22
Empress Augusta Bay: 70
Engebi Island. See also Eniwetok Atoll.
as air base: 368
Blue Beach 3: 345
description of: 335
Japanese defenses on: 336, 340, 342-43, 347
Japanese strength on: 334-36, 342-43
naval bombardment of: 344, 345, 349
operations on: 345-48
White Beach 1: 345
Engineer Battalions
13th: 178, 223, 224-25, 243, 249, 264
50th: 295
804th Aviation: 52
Engineers: 91-93, 100, 238. See also Engineer Battalions.
Eniwetok Atoll: 69, 166, 199, 203, 205, 366, 370, 374. See also Engebi Island; Eniwetok Island; Marshall Islands; Parry Island.
casualties in: 365
description of: 334
intelligence on: 333, 334, 335-36
Japanese defenses in: 339-43
Japanese strength in: 208, 210, 333, 335-36, 339-41, 342-43
as naval base: 368
operations in: 344-65
in Pacific strategy: 333
reconnaissance of: 334-36, 339
tactical plans for: 19, 167, 168, 172, 334, 338
Eniwetok Expeditionary Group: 334, 336, 338, 344
Eniwetok Island. See also Marshall Islands.
casualties on: 360
description of: 334
forces for: 348
Eniwetok Island-Continued
Japanese defense of: 351-53, 354-56, 358-59
Japanese defenses on: 336, 342, 347-48, 351-33, 355
Japanese strength on: 342, 348
naval bombardment of: 344, 349, 360
operations on: 348-60
tactical plans for: 338, 348-49, 350-51
Yellow Beach 2: 318-49, 350-51, 353-55, 356, 358
Ennubirr Island. See Allen Island.
Ennuebing Island. See Jacob Island. Ennugarret Island. See Abraham Island. Ennugenliggclap Island. See Cohen Island. Ennumennet Island. See Albert Island. Ennylabegan Island. See Carlos Island.
Enubuj Island. See Carlson Island.
Epping Forest: 193
Eroj Island: 302
Erradaka Island: 47
Escort carriers, U.S. See CVEs.
Espiritu Santo: 58
Essex: 203
Evacuation of casualties, U.S.: 238-39, 278
–F–
Fairchild, Maj. Gen. Muir S.: 22
Farr, Pfc. Franklin S.: 289
Fast carrier task forces. See Task Forces 50, 58
Ferris, Lt. Col. Charles B.: 45, 117
Field Artillery Battalions
47th: 281
49th: 225, 227, 243, 251, 258n, 281-82
105th: 100, 107, 113, 117, 119, 125
145th: 178, 225, 227-28, 249, 251, 261, 295
Field Hospital, 31st: 228
V Amphibious Corps: 29, 229. See also Reconnaissance Companies, V Amphibious Corps; Smith, Maj. Gen. Holland M.; Tactical Group 1, V Amphibious Corps.
and Eniwetok operations: 338, 344
on invasion of Nauru: 26
and logistics for Marshalls operations: 187, 191
and training for Marshalls operations: 185-86
Fifth Amphibious Force: 25. See also Turner, Rear Adm. Richmond Kelly.
Fighter-bombers, U.S. See A-24’s.
Fighters, U.S. See P-39’s; P-40’s.
Finn, Lt. Col. John M.: 265
Finschhafen: 11
Firing on friendly troops, U.S.: 96, 111, 135, 204, 251, 316, 363, 364
Rink Point: 30, 41, 42, 76, 79, 82, 94
FLINTLOCK: 168, 302. See also Marshall Islands.
Forsyth, Sgt. William A.: 359
Franks: 294
Fukudome, Vice Adm. Shigeru: 70
Funafuti: 52, 53, 54, 55, 58, 67, 157, 194, 203, 302
Fusco, 1st Sgt. Pasquale J.: 90
–G–
Gallagher, 1st Lt. Edward J.: 111
GALVANIC: 25. See also Betio; Butaritari: Gilbert Islands; Makin Atoll; Tarawa Atoll.
Gea Island. See Carter Island.
Gehn Island. See Chauncey Island.
General Motors Corporation: 189
Gilbert Islands: 4-5, 172, 207, 212, 370. See also Betio; Butaritari; Makin Atoll; Tarawa Atoll.
air-ground liaison in: 77
air support commander for: 36-39
airfields in: 157-58, 165, 168
amphibious training for operations in: 44-47
chain of command: 25-26
decision on invasion of: 21-22
effect of campaign in, on Japanese tactics: 213
effect of campaign in, on Marshalls operations: 184, 186, 187, 88, 189n, 190, 191
Japanese defenses in: 209, 210
Japanese invasion of, December 1941: 60-61
Japanese reinforcement of: 62-65
Japanese strategy in: 62-65, 68-69.
Japanese tactical plans for: 210, 212-13
King on invasion of: 23
logistics of operations in: 47-51
movement of invasion convoys to: 56-59
naval forces for: 22, 24, 34-39
naval liaison in: 77
operations in: 75-88, 89-101, 102-11, 112-26, 127-56
strategic significance of operations in: 157-58, 165
tactical lessons learned in: 158-65
tactical plans for: 10, 18-20, 21-22, 23, 25-27, 39-43
Gillis, Maj. Jackson C.: 288
Ginder, Rear Adm. Samuel P.: 203. See also Task Group 58.4.
GRANITE: 373
Grenades, U.S. See Weapons, U.S.
Gritta, Capt. Paul B.: 219, 221, 300
Guadalcanal: 7-9, 36-37, 44, 47, 48, 54, 61
Guam: 4, 10, 16, 60, 167, 207, 373
Guns, Japanese
Lewis machine: 96
3-inch dual-purpose: 114
5-inch: 130
13-mm.: 73, 74, 114, 213, 214, 215, 297, 340
13.2-mm.: 213
20-mm.: 213, 215, 341, 342, 343
75-mm. antiaircraft: 33
75-mm. mountain: 74, 341, 342, 343
120-mm.: 131
127-mm.: 74
7-cm: 74
14-cm.: 74
Guns, U.S.
.30-caliber machine: 77, 255-56, 315
8-inch: 174
37-mm.: 100, 143, 161, 163, 173, 179, 182, 188,
243, 249, 253, 311, 315, 320, 347, 353, 354
40-mm.: 173, 222, 308, 344, 345, 363, 371
75-mm.: 91, 98, 109, 119, 161, 163, 249, 255-56, 297, 321, 355, 356, 357
105-mm. self-propelled: 338
Gunton Hall: 193
–H–
Haguro: 70
Hale, Maj. Gen. Willis H.: 39, 172. See also Task Group 57.2.
Hall, Col. Elmer E., USMC: 141, 146, 148, 151
Halsey, Admiral William F., Jr.: 6, 10, [11-12], 20, 21, 70
Hammond, Lt. Col. Hewin O.: 318
Haraden: 307
Hart, Col. Franklin A., USMC: 312-13, 314-15, 326n, 327. 329
Hart, Lt. Col. Joseph T.: 77, 106, 116-17, 118, 119, 125
Hartl, Lt. Col. Albert V.: 222, 295
Hartl, S. Sgt. Roland H.: 271
Hashida, Lt. Col. Masahiro: 342
Hawaiian Islands: 3, 4, 5, 9, 44-47, 49, 202
Hays, Maj. Lawrence C., Jr., USMC: 148
Headquarters ships, U.S. See AGCs.
Heavy bombers. See B-24s.
Heermann: 344
Hermle, Brig. Gen. Leo D., USMC: 145, 146, 156
Herzog, Maj. Jacob H.: 112, 118, 119
Heyen, Lt. Comdr. Gerhard H., RAN: 28
Heywood: 51n
Higgins, Sgt. Melvin L.: 270-72
Higgins boats. See LCVPs.
High-speed transports. See APDs.
Hill, Rear Adm. Harry W.: 38, 162. See also Eniwetok Expeditionary Group; Task Group 51.2.
and Eniwetok operations: 333-34, 336, 339, 344, 348, 349-50
on Gilberts operations: 159
and Majuro operations: 183, 302, 303-04
and Marshalls operations: 192
and Tarawa operations: 127, 129, 129n, 130-31, 132, 150
Hills, 2nd Lt. Ralph W.: 353, 358
Holland, Maj. F. L. G.: 33
Hollandia: 373
Hollawiak, Pfc. William: 353, 358
Holmes, Col. Maurice G., USMC: 150, 153
Hong Kong: 13
Hoover, Rear Adm. John H.: 38-39, 53, 54, 171, 172, 175. See also Task Force 57.
Hornbacher, 2nd Lt. Claude V.: 220
Hospital ships: 278
Howitzers, Japanese, 70-mm.: 71-73, 74, 119
Howitzers, U.S.
75-mm. pack: 42, 100n, 147, 148, 155, 193, 238,
75-mm. self-propelled: 223, 225, 273
105-mm.: 42, 99, 100, 100n, 113, 189, 193, 221,
225-28, 246, 250, 295, 306, 311, 338, 340, 345
155-mm.: 178, 221, 225-28, 246, 247, 250, 261, 294
Howland Island: 61
Hudson, Lt. Col. Lewis C.: 306
Hydrographic conditions
in Gilberts: 77-78, 85, 88, 102, 117, 128, 130, 133, 137
–I–
Ie Shima: 370
Imperial General Headquarters: 69, 210
Imperial Japanese Navy: 60-61, 68-70
Indian Ocean: 168
Infantry Battalions
1st, 17th Regiment: 180, 222, 223-24, 228, 294, 295-98, 300
2nd, 17th Regiment: 180, 222, 224-25, 229, 294, 298-99
3rd, 17th Regiment: 180, 228, 294, 297, 298, 300
1st, 32nd Regiment: 180, 233-36, 238, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246-47, 249, 252, 264, 265. 276-77, 278-79, 280-81, 285-87, 288
2nd, 32nd Regiment: 180, 239-40, 244, 246, 247, 249, 251, 252, 253-54, 256, 257, 264, 279, 281, 287, 288-89
3rd, 32nd Regiment: 180, 240, 257-58, 259, 264-65, 276-77, 278-79, 280, 281-82, 283, 285, 286
3rd, 105th Regiment: 77
1st, 106th Regiment: 345, 349, 350-55
2nd, 106th Regiment: 170, 171, 182, 191, 192, 302, 333
3rd, 106th Regiment
commander of: 350
and Engebi operations: 345
on Eniwetok Island: 348-49, 350-53, 355, 356, 358-60
missions of: 349
1st, 111th Regiment: 178, 179, 219-21
3rd, 111th Regiment: 367
1st, 165th Regiment
on Butaritari: 77-79, 82, 89, 94-97, 100, 106, 110-11, 116, 117, 118, 119-22, 124, 125
commander of: 77
efficiency of communications of: 104-05, 105n
missions of: 41-42
2nd, 165th Regiment
on Butaritari: 82-85, 89-94, 96, 97-100, 106, 109, 110, 111, 112-16, 112n, 117, 118, 122, 124
command of: 82
efficiency of communications of: 104-05, 105n
on Kotabu Island: 76, 82-83, 86-88
3rd, 165th Regiment
on Butaritari: 77, 79, 81-82, 100, 106-07, 112, 116-17, 118-24, 125
commander of: 77
efficiency of communications of: 104-05, 105n
missions of: 41-42
1st, 184th Regiment: 180, 240, 253, 256, 264, 265, 266-76, 277, 279-80, 281, 287
2nd, 184th Regiment: 180, 240, 253, 255-56, 258-59, 261, 264, 266, 273-76, 279-80, 281, 283, 285, 286-87
3rd, 184th Regiment
on Bennett: 300-301
commander of: 233
on Kwajalein Island: 233-36, 238, 240, 242-43, 244-45, 247, 248, 249, 252-53, 255, 273, 280
missions of: 180
7th Army Defense: 35
Infantry Divisions
7th: 20, 49. See also Corlett, Maj. Gen. Charles H; Infantry Regiments, 17th, 32nd, 184th.
and Aleutians operations: 170
artillery: 225-29
combat experience of: 183
commander of: 170-71
composition of: 178-79
logistics for Kwajalein operations: 187-92
missions of: 177-78
and tactical plans for Marshalls operations: 168, 170, 173, 180
training of: 183-85
9th: 45
25th: 44
27th: 28, 35, 62, 374. See also Infantry Regiments, 105th, 106th, 165th; Smith, Maj. Gen. Ralph C.
amphibious training of: 44-47
casualties on Makin: 125
command of: 35-36
commander of: 25
composition of: 44
and Eniwetok operations: 333, 336
on hydrographic conditions at Butaritari: 102
intelligence on Butaritari: 30-31
logistics for Marshalls operations: 187, 190-91, 192
LVTs for: 48
Marshall on use of, in Central Pacific: 24-25, 24n
mission of: 25-26
pallets for: 49
tactical plan for Butaritari: 40-43
training of: 183, 185-86, 337-38
33rd: 265
40th: 44
76th: 44
77th: 374
Infantry Regiments
17th, 7th Division: 299-300
on Burton: 236, 291, 294, 295-98
on Carlson: 221, 222, 224-25, 228-29
commander of: 219
missions of: 180
training of: 183-85
32nd, 7th Division
casualties of: 247-48
commander of: 233
on Kwajalein Island: 229, 232, 233-36, 238, 239-40, 242, 243-44, 245-48, 249, 251, 252, 253-55, 256-59, 261, 262-65, 273-75, 276-77, 278-82, 283-87, 288-89
missions of: 180
training of: 183-85
105th, 27th Division: 40, 44, 77
on Butaritari: 41, 42, 77, 81, 89, 90, 91, 98, 106-08, 113, 116, 117, 118, 124
on Kotabu: 82
loading of: 49
mission of: 41-42
commander of: 336
on Engebi: 345
on Eniwetok Island: 348-49, 350-60
logistics for: 187, 190-91, 192
and Majuro operations: 302
missions of: 349
and tactical plans for Eniwetok: 338
and tactical plans for Majuro: 170, 171, 174, 182
108th, 40th Division: 44
111th: 178, 179, 219-21, 366, 367
165th, 27th Division: 44, 51, 59, 191
on Butaritari: 75, 76-85, 86-88, 89-101, 106-07, 108, 109, 110-11, 112-25
efficiency of communications of: 103-05, 105n
on Kotabu Island: 76
loading of: 49
mission of: 39
supply operations for: 102
tactical plans for: 40-43
training of: 47
transportation for: 35
184th, 7th Division
on Bennett: 300-301
commander of: 233
on Kwajalein Island: 229, 232, 233-36, 238, 240, 242-46, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252-57, 258-59, 261, 264-76, 277, 278, 279-80, 281, 282, 283-85, 286-88
missions of: 180
training of: 183-85
Intelligence, Japanese: 69
Intelligence, U.S.
on Carlson: 175
on Kwajalein Island: 177
from prisoners of war: 360
sources of: 27
Interceptor Carrier Group: 56, 57
Irvine, Comdr. Donald G.: 35
Ishikawa, Lt. (j.g.) Seizo: 71
Ivan Island: 174-75, 182, 304-06, 308, 311
–J–
Jacob Island: 174-75, 182, 304-06, 307, 308, 311
Jaluit Atoll: 166, 202, 212, 369. See also Marshall Islands
aerial reconnaissance of: 39
air attacks on: 38, 39, 53, 56, 194, 197-98, 204, 366, 367, 368
as air base: 211-12
importance of, to Japanese: 60
Japanese defenses on: 208-09
Japanese strength on: 207-09, 210
Japanese Army units
Regiments
107th Infantry: 211
122nd Infantry: 211
Detachments
1st South Seas: 210-11
2nd South Seas: 210
3rd South Seas Garrison: 210
Miscellaneous
2nd Independent Garrison Unit: 211
Japanese Mandated Islands: 4, 23, 60
Japanese naval units. See also Combined Fleet; Imperial Navy, Japanese.
1st Amphibious Brigade: 210, 211, 215, 335, 340-41, 342, 343
1st Fleet: 68
1st Mobile Shipborne Brigade. See 1st Amphibious Brigade.
2nd Rifle Company: 343
3rd Special Base Force: 64, 67, 73
3rd Special Base Force Makin Detachment: 71
4th Fleet: 60-61, 61n, 63, 64-65, 207-08, 212, 217-18, 339
4th Fleet Construction Department Detachment: 67, 71, 73, 216, 340
5th Special Base Force: 63
6th Base Force: 61n, 64, 207, 208, 209, 212, 216, 217
6th Communications Unit: 209, 216
6th Fleet: 334
6th Submarine Base Force: 216
24th Air Force Headquarters: 217
41st Guard Force: 63
43rd Guard Force: 63
43rd Guard Force Dispatched Landing Force: 64
51st Guard Force: 61, 61n, 207, 209
61st Guard Force: 216, 339, 340, 342, 343
61st Guard Force Dispatched Force: 217, 218
62nd Guard Force Dispatched Landing Force: 64
66th Guard Force: 209
111th Construction Unit: 67, 71, 73
281st Air Unit: 217
753rd Air Unit: 217
Carrier Division I : 69-70, 70n
Gilberts Invasion Special Landing Force: 61. 64
Sasebo 7th Special Naval Landing Force: 65, 67, 73
Southeastern Area Fleet: 65
Yokosuka 4th Special Naval Landing Force: 216
Yokosuka 6th Special Naval Landing Force: 63, 64
Jasinski, S. Sgt. Joseph A.: 354
Java: 60
JCS. See Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Jeroru Island. See Lilac Island.
Joint Army and Navy Board: 3
Joint Assault Signal Companies
Joint Chiefs of Staff: 7n
and airfields for invasion of Gilberts: 52
and Casablanca Conference: 7-10
and directive to Nimitz on operations in Central Pacific: 23-24
and objectives in Gilberts: 26-27
and Pacific Military Conference: 11
and strategy in Pacific: 5-7, 20-21, 22-23, 25, 165, 333, 372, 373
and tactical plans for Marshalls: 167-68, 169
and Washington conference, May 1943: 12-17
Joint Expeditionary Force. See Task Force 51.
Joint Intelligence Center, POA: 33
Joint Staff Planners: 11, 12n, 18, 20, 22, 23
Joint Strategic Survey Committee: 12n, 22
Joint War Plans Committee: 12n, 18-20
Jones, Capt. James L., USMC: 302, 303
Jones, Col. Louis R.: 313, 311, 318, 320-21
Jones, Maj. William K.: 150, 153, 154
Jordan, Lt. Col. Walter I., USMC: 138, 139
JPS. See Joint Staff Planners.
JSSC. See Joint Strategic Survey Committee.
JWPC. See Joint War Plans Committee.
–K–
Kahuku Point: 45
Kamikaze Corps: 370
Kannely, Sgt. Warren: 271-73
Kasper, Bosn. Joseph V.: 86-88
Kelley, Lt. Col. Gerard W.: 77, 94, 96-97, 106, 110
Keuea: 119
Kickul, T. Sgt. Graydon: 243
Kidd: 302
King, Admiral Ernest J.
on forces for Central Pacific: 24-25
and Gilberts operations: 157
and Marshalls operations: 160
and Pacific strategy: 8-10, 14-15, 22-23, 372-73
Kingman, Rear Adm. Howard F.: 127, 131
Klatt, 1st Lt. Harold D.: 267-69, 270, 271, 272-73
Klein, 1st. Lt, Arthur: 353-54, 355, 356
Knowles, Capt. Henry B., USN: 145, 190
Koga, Admiral Mineichi: 68-70, 334, 339. See also Combined Fleet.
Kotabu Island: 42, 76, 82, 113n
Kretzer, 1st Lt. Roberti: 285. 286, 287
Kuma Island: 29, 59, 106, 107, 112, 112n, 118, 119, 122, 124. 125
Kuria Atoll: 64
Kusaie Island: 19, 167, 203, 210, 368
Kwajalein Atoll: 29, 157, 158, 166, 333, 334, 338, 339-40, 371, 374. See also Kwajalein Island; Marshall Islands.
aerial reconnaissance of: 39
air attacks on: 53, 194, 199-202, 203-04
garrison forces for: 184-85
logistics of operations in: 107-93
operations in: 219-40, 241-61, 262-82, 283-301, 304-32
tactical plans for: 19, 168-70, 172, 173-82, 202
training for operations in: 183-07
Kwajalein Garrison Force: 178
Kwajalein Island: 219, 221. See also Kwajalein Atoll; Marshall Islands.
Admiralty area: 262, 264, 265, 266, 273, 275-76, 277, 281, 287
air attacks on: 202, 203-04, 205, 232, 233, 253, 256, 259
airfield: 172, 202, 203, 211, 214-215, 241, 246, 249, 254, 368
appraisal of operations on: 289-90
Blue Beach 1: 236
bombardment of: 222-23, 227-28, 229, 230
Canary Strong Point: 246, 247, 256
Carl Road: 242, 254-55, 256-57, 258-59, 278-79, 281
Cat Strong Point: 246, 255, 256
Center Pier: 241, 242, 248, 255, 262, 280
Corn Strong Point: 257, 258-59, 262, 281
Cox Road: 242
description of: 175-77, 241-42, 255, 256, 262, 266, 277, 283
Japanese defense of: 233, 235, 245, 251-53, 254, 256, 281
Japanese defenses on: 209, 211, 212, 213, 214-15, 242, 244, 246, 254-55, 256-57, 262-64, 266, 283
Japanese strength on: 208, 210, 211, 215-17, 218
logistics for operations on: 187-92
medical operations for: 238-39, 259-60
Nate Road: 287
Nathan Road: 262, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 283, 286, 287-88
Nero Point: 288
Nob Pier: 214, 241-42, 252, 275, 276, 280, 281, 283-85, 287
Noel Road: 262, 273, 275, 276, 277, 286, 287
Nora Road: 256-57, 258, 259, 262, 265, 266, 273, 275, 276
operations on: 230-40, 241-61, 262-82, 283-90
Red Beach 1: 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 240, 242, 243, 244, 249, 252, 280
Red Beach 2: 232, 233, 235, 236-38, 242-44, 249, 252, 260
supply operations for: 238, 259
tactical plans for: 169, 170, 172, 173-75, 177, 80, 233, 253, 255, 257, 264, 273, 283-85
training for operations on: 183-86
Wallace Road: 238, 241, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 264
Wet Strong Point: 242
Wheeler Strong Point: 244
Whistler Strong Point: 244
Will Road: 241, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 252, 255, 256, 257, 262, 266, 270, 276, 281, 285, 286, 287
Wilma Road: 244-45, 246-47, 249, 259, 278, 279
Kwajalein Island Defense Group: 278
Kyle, Maj. Wood B., USMC: 141
–L–
La Salle: 51n
Ladyslipper Island. See Japtan
Lahaina Roadstead: 203
Landing beaches
Betio: 31-33
Red 1: 43, 127, 132-35, 137, 138, 139-42, 146-47, 150, 151, 153
Red 2: 43, 127, 132, 134, 135-38, 139-41, 142, 143, 144, 146-47, 148, 150-51, 153
Red 3: 43, 127, 131, 132, 138-39, 141-42, 147, 148, 161
Burton: 294-96
Butaritari: 30
Red: 41, 42, 75, 76, 78, 79, 83, 96, 102, 103-04, 105, 106, 107, 109, 116, 117
Red 2: 41, 42, 75, 76, 77, 78-79, 102, 103-04, 105, 106-07, 109, 116, 117, 124
Yellow: 42, 75, 76, 82-88, 89, 91, 94, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 109, 112, 116, 117, 118, 160
Engebi
Blue 3: 345
White 1: 345
Eniwetok Island
Yellow 2: 348-49, 350-51, 353-55, 356, 358
Kwajalein Island
Blue 1: 236
Red 1: 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 240, 242, 243, 244, 249, 252, 280
Red 2: 232, 233, 235, 236-38, 242-44, 249, 252, 260
Namur
Green 1: 182, 311, 316, 322, 324
Green 2: 182, 311, 313, 316, 322, 324, 325
Parry: 363
Roi
Landing craft. See by name.
Landing operations
Engebi: 344-47
Eniwetok Island: 350-55
Kwajalein Atoll: 219-20, 222, 223, 224-25, 232-36
in northern Kwajalein Atoll: 305-06, 307
Parry: 363
on Tarawa: 132-39
Landing ships. See by name.
Langley: 203
Larsen, Maj. Stanley K., USMC: 145
LCI: 174, 182, 306, 307, 336, 344, 347
LCI(G): 173, 174, 182, 222, 224, 225, 233, 295, 306, 307, 311-12, 315, 345, 350
LCM: 39, 42, 43, 77, 82, 85, 102, 127, 133-34, 138, 182, 193, 223, 225, 227, 232, 236, 306, 314, 316-17, 347, 363
LCS: 160-61
LCVP: 30, 31-33, 39, 41, 42, 43, 48, 76, 77, 82-83, 86-88, 102, 127, 133, 137, 139, 141, 148, 164, 220, 222, 223, 224, 278, 294, 307, 308, 312-13, 316, 322
Leahy, Admiral William D.: 22, 23
Lee: 51n
Legan Island. See Clifford Island.
Leonard, Capt. Francis P.: 89, 111
Leonard Wood: 49, 49n, 75, 79, 102, 105, 125
Liaison, U.S.
air-ground: 77, 112-13, 130, 161-62
infantry-artillery: 243
lateral: 42, 90, 103, 105n, 134, 137, 139, 258
naval-air: 40
Lib Island: 366
Liberator bombers. See B-24’s.
Likiep Atoll: 367
Lilac Island: 344
Lindenwald: 232
Linebaugh, 1st Lt. George E.: 295
Lines of communications, Japanese: 3, 9, 11, 15, 17, 60
Lines of communications, U.S.: 4, 6-7, 10, 20
Linguist, 1st Lt. Warren T.: 97
Liscome Bay: 126
Little Makin: 53
Lo Prete, Maj. Joseph E., USMC: 326n
Logic, Col. Marc J.: 233, 277, 285
Logistics, Japanese: 208
Logistics, U.S.: 20, 47-51, 163-64, 173-74, 187-93. See also Supply operations, U.S.
Loi Island. See Blakenship Island.
Louisville: 305, 312, 345, 363
LSD: 39
for Carolines operations: 16
and Eniwetok operations: 336, 358
Epping Forest: 193
Gunston Hall: 193
Lindenwald: 232
in Marshalls: 173, 189, 192, 193, 232
179: 82
482: 302-03
air attack on: 59
and Eniwetok: 336, 344, 350, 361
in Gilberts: 35, 42, 48, 49, 51, 56, 57, 58, 76, 82
in Marshalls: 15, 173, 189, 190, 191-92, 193, 203,
222, 225-27, 229, 230, 232, 278, 294, 302-03,
305, 309, 309n, 311-12, 313, 314, 366-67
training for: 313
appraisal of: 164-65
and Eniwetok: 337, 344, 347, 350, 351, 363
in Gilberts: 41, 42, 43, 48, 49, 57, 76-78, 82-83, 85, 102, 103, 107, 110, 117, 118, 119, 125, 127, 130, 132-33, 137, 138-41, 145, 147, 148, 153, 160-61
at Guadalcanal: 48
in Marshalls: 173, 179, 182, 184, 186-87, 188-89, 190, 192-93, 222-23, 224-25, 227, 229, 232, 233-36, 238, 240, 243, 260, 278, 295, 297, 304-06, 307-08, 309, 311-14, 315, 316, 322, 324, 366
shortage of: 41, 47, 307, 308, 312, 313, 322
LVT(A): 173, 173n, 179, 182, 188-89, 192, 222, 232, 233, 235, 238, 243, 295, 298, 306, 308, 311, 315-16, 325, 327, 336-37, 345-47, 353, 354, 363
LVT(1): 48
–M–
Maalaea Bay: 47
MacArthur, General Douglas: 3, 5, 6, 10-12, 18-21, 25, 70, 372, 373
Machine guns, U.S. See Guns, U.S., machine.
Madang: 11
Madison, Michael: 303
Mahoney, Maj. James H.: 97, 110-11, 125
Majuro Atoll: 278, 333. See also Marshall Islands.
aerial reconnaissance of: 170
description of: 302
importance of: 170
Japanese strength on: 208
logistics for operations in: 191, 192
as naval base: 367-68
tactical plans for: 169-70, 172, 173-74, 182, 202, 203
Majuro Attack Force. See Task Group 51.2.
Majuro Landing Force: 171. See also Sheldon, Lt. Col. Frederick B.
Makin Atoll: 57, 68, 156, 188, 189n, 191, 209. See also Butaritari; Gilbert Islands.
aerial reconnaissance of: 54
air attacks on: 53-54, 55-56, 67
as air base: 195, 197, 198, 367, 369
air support for: 38-40
airfield in: 65, 158, 169-70, 211
appraisal of operations in: 125-26
Carlson’s raid on, 1942: 61-62
casualties at: 125
decision to invade: 26
garrisoning of: 124-25
importance of, to Japanese: 60-61
Japanese defenses at: 48, 65, 71-73, 74, 75-76, 85
Japanese occupy: 61
Japanese reinforcement of: 62-65
Japanese seaplane base at: 67
Japanese strength at: 71
landing craft for: 48
operations at: 89-101, 102-11, 112-26
results of operations at: 157, 151, 155
shipping for: 35
supply operations at: 49
tactical lessons learned at: 160, 162-63, 164
tactical plans for: 21-22, 39-40, 43, 59
target date for: 27
troops for: 34-35, 148, 151-53
Makua: 184
Maleolap Atoll: 166, 202, 340, 369. See also Marshall Islands.
aerial reconnaissance of: 39
air attacks on: 53, 194, 195-97, 204, 366, 367
Japanese defenses at: 208-09
Japanese strength at: 207, 208-09, 210
naval bombardment of: 205
tactical plans for: 19, 168-69, 172, 174
Manila Bay: 4
Manila Bay: 232
Mann Island. See Clement Island.
Manus Island: 373
Marakei Atoll: 155-56
Mariana Islands: 4, 5, 9, 13n, 15, 16, 23, 165, 166-67, 206, 207, 208, 210, 334, 368, 370, 372-74
Marine Air Base Defense Wing, 4th: 369
Marine Airdrome Battalion, 2nd: 52
Marine Amphibian Tractor Battalions 329-31
2nd: 48
11th: 192
Marine Armored Amphibian Battalion, 1st: 186, 192
Marine Artillery Battalions
1st, 14th Regiment: 304, 308, 312
2nd, 14th Regiment: 304, 308, 312
3rd, 14th Regiment: 182, 304, 306, 312
4th, 14th Regiment: 182, 304, 306, 312
2nd Separate Pack Howitzer: 360-61
Marine Artillery Regiments
2nd: 35
7th: 52
8th: 35
10th: 361
Marine Engineer Regiment, 18th: 138, 153
Marine Infantry Battalions
1st, 2nd Regiment: 43, 141, 144, 150, 151, 153
2nd, 2nd Regiment: 43, 132, 135-38, 139-41, 142-43, 144, 147, 148, 151
3rd, 2nd Regiment: 43, 132-35, 137, 139-41, 142, 148,
1st, 6th Regiment: 150, 151-53, 154
2nd, 6th Regiment: 150, 153, 155
3rd, 6th Regiment: 151-53, 154-55, 156
1st, 8th Regiment: 43, 146, 147-48, 151, 155
2nd, 8th Regiment: 43, 138-39, 142, 143-44, 147,
3rd, 8th Regiment: 43, 141-42, 144, 145, 146, 151-53
1st, 22nd Regiment
and mop-up in Marshalls: 366
2nd, 22nd Regiment
and mop-up in Marshalls: 367
3rd, 22nd Regiment
commander of: 356
and Eniwetok Island: 348-49, 356-58, 361
1st, 23rd Regiment: 314, 315-16, 318, 320-21
2nd, 23rd Regiment: 313-14, 315-18, 319-20, 321
3rd, 23rd Regiment: 319, 321, 366-67
1st, 24th Regiment: 322, 323-24, 327-29, 331
2nd, 24th Regiment: 313, 316, 322, 323-29, 331
3rd, 24th Regiment: 315, 316, 322-23, 322n, 327,
1st, 25th Regiment: 304-05, 306-07, 308
2nd, 25th Regiment: 304-05, 306-08
3rd, 25th Regiment: 304-05, 306-09, 324
Marine Infantry Divisions
2nd: 16, 20, 28, 31, 35, 49, 127, 144, 163, 164, 186, 190, 332, 374. See also Marine Infantry Regiments, 2nd, 6th, 8th; Smith, Maj. Gen. Julian C., USMC.
combat experience of: 47
intelligence on Tarawa: 31-34
loading for: 51
10th: 43, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151
MacArthur on use of: 21
Marine Defense Battalions mission of: 39
selection of, for Gilberts operation: 24
tactical plan for Betio: 43
training of: 47
transportation for: 35
weapons for: 163
4th: 16, 138, 374. See also Marine Infantry Regiments, 23rd, 24th, 25th; Schmidt, Maj. Gen. Harry, USMC.
casualties of: 331
combat experience of: 183
commander of: 171
logistics for Kwajalein operations: 192-93
supply of: 332
and tactical plans for Marshalls operations: 168, 170, 173, 180, 181-82
Marine Infantry Regiments
2nd, 2nd Division
on Betio: 132-38, 139-41, 142-43, 144, 147, 148-50, 151-53, 155
combat experience of: 47
commander of: 127
missions of: 43
6th, 2nd Division
at Apamama: 156
on Betio: 150-55
on Buota: 155
combat experience of: 47
8th, 2nd Division: 43
on Betio: 138-42, 143-44, 145, 146-48, 151-53, 155
casualties of: 139
combat experience of: 47
mission of: 127
commander of: 336
on Eniwetok Island: 348, 356-58
logistics for: 192
and mop-up operations in Marshalls: 366-67
tactical plans for Eniwetok: 338
23rd, 4th Division
casualties of: 321
commander of: 313
mission of: 311-12
tactical plans for: 182
24th, 4th Division
casualties of: 325-26
commander of: 312
mission of: 311-12
on Namur: 311-13, 314, 315, 316, 321-22
tactical plans for: 182
25th, 4th Division: 181-82, 304-05, 306-08, 309-11, 324, 331
Marine Joint Assault Signal Company, 1st: 186
Marine Search and Patrol Group. See Task Group 57.3.
Marine Special Weapons Battalion, 4th: 311
Marine Tank Battalions
4th:
and Eniwetok operations: 336, 338, 345
on Ivan and Jacob: 304, 306, 309
2nd Separate: 338, 345, 348, 350
Marshall, General George C.: 7, 9, 10, 14, 21, 23, 24-25, 24n
Marshall, Lt. Col. S. L. A.: 110, 124
Marshall Islands: 3, 4, 5, 26, 206. See also Eniwetok Atoll; Eniwetok Island; Jaluit Atoll; Kwajalein Atoll; Kwajalein Island; Majuro Atoll; Maleolap Atoll; Mille Atoll; Wotje Atoll.
aerial reconnaissance of: 157-58, 168, 170
air attacks on: 53, 54, 158, 193-205
airfields in: 168, 172, 174, 180, 207-08
chain of command in: 170-72, 187, 191
consequences of operations in: 370-74
decision to invade: 18-23
description of: 166
effect of Gilberts campaign on operations in: 157-58, 161, 165, 184, 186, 187-88, 189, 190, 191
history of: 166-67
importance of operations in, in Central Pacific strategy: 368-69
Japanese defenses in: 206-10, 211, 212-18
Japanese occupation of: 167
in Japanese strategy: 60-61, 62-67, 68-69
Japanese strength in: 207-08, 210-18
Japanese tactical plans for: 210-11, 212-13
logistics of operations in: 187-93
Nimitz on operations in: 167
operations in: 219-40, 241-61, 262-82, 283-301, 302-32, 333-65, 366-74
tactical plans for: 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18-22, 23, 167-82, 202
target dates for: 20-21, 24, 168, 170, 177
training for operations in: 183-87
troops for: 15, 18-20, 21, 34-35, 168, 170
Maryland: 38, 129, 141, 145-46, 150, 161, 162, 305, 307, 312
Maya: 70
Maysonave, Capt. Rene E.: 287
McCauley.: 37
McCord: 344
McDonough, LA. Col. John F.: 82, 91, 93, 96, 98, 112-13, 116, 117, 124
McGinley, 2nd Lt. Everett W.: 110
McGovern, Capt. John B., USN: 148
McKee: 223
McLeod, Lt. Col. Kenneth F.: 155
McMorris, Rear Adm. Charles H.: 168
Meany, Chaplain Joseph A.: 96-97
Medals of Honor
Anderson, Pfc. Richard B.: 321n
Dyess, Lt. Col. Aquilla J.: 331, 331n
Power, 1st Lt. John V.: 327n
Sorenson, Pvt. Richard K.: 329n
Medical Battalions
102nd: 125
Medical operations
on Burton: 297
on Kwajalein Island: 238-39, 259-60, 278
at Makin: 88
Medium bombers. See A-24’s; B-25’s.
Mejit Islands: 367
Mete Bay: 47
Mellu Island. See Ivan Island.
Merritt, Brig. Gen. Lewie G., USMC: 39, 172. See alto Task Group 57.3.
Mersereau, S. Sgt. Hoyl: 99, 100
Micronesia: 3
Middleton: 51n
Mili Island: 194
Military Intelligence Division, WDGS: 44
Mille Atoll: 68, 166, 202, 212, 369. See also Marshall Islands.
aerial reconnaissance of: 39
air attacks on: 38, 39, 53, 56, 194-95, 197, 204-05, 366, 367
airfield: 53, 56, 168, 194, 195, 211, 212
Japanese defenses at: 209
Japanese strength at: 208, 209, 210
Mine sweepers, U.S.
Chandler: 302
and Eniwetok operations: 336, 344
in Marshalls: 173, 302, 305, 307
Oracle: 302
Requisite: 129
Minneapolis: 105, 223, 230, 249, 253, 295
Mitscher, Rear Adm. Marc A.: 171, 172, 199n, 334, 338. See also Task Force 58.
Mizony, Lt. Col. Harold I.: 350, 358, 359
Mogami: 70
Monrovia: 51n
Monterey: 203
Montgomery, Rear Adm. Alfred E.: 54, 203. See also Task Force 14; Task Group 58.2.
Moore, Lt. Col. William B.: 300-301
Morison, Samuel Eliot: 339n
Morris: 312
Mortars, Japanese: 252, 281, 354-55
50-mm.: 342
Mortars, U.S.
4.2-inch chemical: 249
60-mm.: 89, 89n, 94, 99, 281, 290, 309, 311
81-mm.: 238, 281, 297-98, 309, 311, 324
Mortlock Island: 373
Mullinix, Rear Adm. Henry M.: 126
Murphy, Capt. Charles W., Jr.: 277
Murray, Lt. Col. Raymond L.: 150
Musashi: 68
Mustin: 312
Myoko: 70
–N–
Nagata, Warrant Officer, IJN: 304
Namerik Atoll: 367
Namu Atoll: 367
Namur. See also Roi; Roi-Namur.
appraisal of operations on: 331-32
bombardment of: 324
casualties on: 331
Green Beach 1: 182, 311, 316, 322, 324
Green Beach 2: 182, 311, 313, 316, 322, 324, 325
Japanese defense of: 322-23, 329
Narcissus Street: 329
Nora Point: 331
operations on: 311-13, 314, 315, 316, 322-32
Sally Point: 308, 324, 325, 327
Sycamore Boulevard: 322, 323, 327, 329
tactical plans for: 182
Nanomea Atoll: 52-53, 54, 55, 157, 194, 196, 199
Narruhn, Pvt. Fred C.: 28
Nassau: 302
National Defense Research Committee: 189
Natoma Bay: 302
Natzeke, Capt. Richard H.: 295
Nauru: 58, 185, 191, 207, 209, 337
air attacks on: 38, 52, 54-55, 67
decision on operations against: 21-22, 26-27
importance of: 23-24
Japanese reinforcement of: 63, 64
in Japanese strategy: 65
target dates for: 23
Naval bombardment, U.S. See Naval gunfire support, U.S.
Naval Construction Battalions
74th: 368
107th: 368
109th: 368
121st: 368
Naval gunfire support, U.S.: 56
Albert and Allen: 307
Apamama: 156
Butaritari: 62, 91, 99, 105, 118
Carlson: 225
for the Gilberts: 35, 40, 42, 43
Kwajalein Island: 222-23, 229, 230, 233, 251, 252, 253
Majuro: 304
Parry: 344, 349, 360, 363, 364-65
Roi-Namur: 305, 306, 311, 312, 321, 324
Nelson, Lt. Col. Glen A.: 244
Nelson, 1st Lt. Ramon: 279
Netherlands Indies: 4, 5, 9, II, 210
Neutralization Group. See Task Group 50.15.
Neville: 37, 49, 49n, 76, 82, 86, 113n
New Caledonia: 5
New Guinea: 3, 4-5, 7, 9-10, 11, 13-14, 15, 17, 21, 24, 65, 159, 209, 210, 370, 371, 373
New Hebrides: 58
New Jersey: 339
Night perimeters, U.S.: 122-23, 249, 252-53
Nimitz, Admiral Chester W.: 5n, 70
and air bases for Gilberts operations: 52
command of: 5-6
and command of Holland Smith: 36
and directive on operations in Central Pacific: 23-24
and Gilberts operations: 157, 165
and logistics for Marshalls operations: 188, 191, 193
on LVTs: 165
missions of: 3, 6-7, 12, 17, 17n, 25
and Pacific strategy: 20, 23, 218, 333, 372, 373-74
and Spruance’s mission in Gilberts: 26-27
and tactical plans for Marshalls: 167-70, 172
Ninni Island. See Cecil Island.
Nishida, Maj. Gen. Yoshimi: 340-41, 348
Nonuti: 64
North Gugegwe Island. See Berlin Island. North Pacific Area: 5-6
Northern Attack Force (Gilberts): 34-35, 38-40, 47, 49-51, 56-59. See also Task Force 52 (Gilberts).
Northern Carrier Group: 56, 57
Northern Landing Force (Gilberts): 35, 36
Northern Landing Force (Marshalls). See Task Force 53 (Marshalls); Task Group 56.2.
Nukufetau Atoll: 52-53, 55, 194, 196, 197
Nunnery, 2nd Lt. Daniel T.: 96
–O–
Oahu: 28, 44, 45, 49, 184, 185
O’Brien, Capt. Lawrence J.: 94, 119
Ocean Island: 63, 64, 65, 207, 209, 212
Oldendorf, Rear Adm. Jesse B.: 336
Operation Plan Cen 1-43: 34-39
Operation Plan 16-43: 169
Operations Division, WDGS: 20, 22
Oracle: 302
ORANGE Plans: 3-4
Ordnance-Company, 707th: 229
O’Sullivan, Col, Curtis D.: 232, 277, 287
Overton: 219, 220-21, 290, 291, 300
–P–
PB4Y: 199
Pacific Fleet, U.S.: 4, 5. 7, 14, 68, 168, 169-70
Pacific Military Conference: 11-12
Pacific Ocean Areas: 5-6
Pagan Island: 208
Palau Islands: 11, 206, 207, 208, 339, 370, 373, 374
Pali: 45
Pallets: See Supply operations, pallets.
Palliser, 1st Lt. Thomas B.: 93
Parry Island. See also Eniwetok Atoll.
air attacks on: 363
description of: 334
Green Beach 2: 363
Green Beach 3: 363
Japanese defense of: 363
Japanese defenses on: 336, 341, 347-483, 363-64
Japanese strength on: 340-41, 348, 360
as naval base: 368
naval bombardment of: 344, 349, 360, 363, 364-65
operations on: 360-65
tactical plans for: 338, 348, 360, 361-63
Pearl Harbor: 3, 4, 13, 24, 26, 47, 127, 166, 168, 192, 203
Pence, Capt. Albert W.: 256, 289
Pennsylvania: 117, 222-23, 229, 230, 345, 363
Phelps: 76, 83, 105, 306, 307, 308, 313, 314, 345
Philippine Islands: 3-4, 5, 9, 11, 13, 14-15, 370, 374
Phoenix Islands: 157
Plumley, Capt. Merwin C., USMC: 62
POA. See Pacific Ocean Areas.
Ponape Island: 16, 203, 208, 368
Porterfield: 307
Portland: 302
Power, 1st Lt. John V., USMC: 327n
Pownall, Rear Adm. Charles A.
and air attack on Wake: 69
command of: 38
and operations in Gilberts: 53, 55, 56, 67, 129
and operations in Marshalls: 199
Pratt, Pfc. Harold S.: 271-72
President, U.S. See Roosevelt, Franklin D.
President Polk: 225-27
Preston, Lt. Col. George D.: 251
Princeton: 203
Prisoners of war
of Americans: 85, 101, 223, 287-88, 360
of Japanese: 62
–Q–
Quantico: 48
Quartermaster Company, of the 27th Division: 49
Quartermaster Corps: 189
–R–
Rabaul: 4, 7, 9, 10-12, 15, 65, 68, 69-70, 373
Radio, U.S. See Communications, U.S., radio.
RAINBOW 5: 4
Raleigh, 1st Lt. Patrick J.: 96
Ralik Chain: 166
Rasberry, Pvt. Parvee: 243
Ratak Chain: 166
Ready, Brig. Gen. Joseph L.: 229, 251, 277, 279
Reconnaissance, Japanese: 63
Reconnaissance, U.S.
aerial: 27, 30-31, 39, 52, 54, 55, 112, 158, 165, 168, 170, 177, 194-95, 199, 202, 222, 233, 293, 294, 333, 334-36, 339
tank: 297
Reconnaissance Company, V Amphibious Corps: 40, 42, 76, 82, 113, 192
and Apamama operations: 156
and Eniwetok operations: 336, 338, 344, 348
and Majuro operations: 170, 171, 182, 302-04, 306n
Reconnaissance Troops
7th Cavalry
on Bennett: 300-301
on Cecil and Carter: 219-21
on Chauncey: 290-91
and Kwajalein operations: 178, 179, 180
training of: 184
27th Cavalry: 104
Reeves, Rear Adm. John W.: 203, 278. See also Task Group 58.1.
Relief: 278
Relief Carrier Force: 58
Requisite: 129
Rice, Maj. Howard J., USMC: 138, 141, 142-43
Richardson, Lt. Gen. Robert C., Jr.: 110
and air base on Baker: 52
and amphibious training: 45-47
command of: 25
and logistics of Marshalls operations: 187, 188, 191
mission of: 44
and training of 7th Division: 183, 184
Rider, S. Sgt. Eugene M.: 289
Ringgold: 129-30, 131, 139, 146, 150, 222-23, 230
Rixey, Lt. Col. Presley M., USMC: 147, 148
RO Operation: 69-70
Roberts, Col. Frank N.: 22
Rocky Mount: 172, 220, 227, 229, 251
Roebling, Donald: 48
Roi. See also Namur; Roi-Namur.
as air base: 368
airfield: 172, 174, 180-81, 199-202, 203, 211-12, 214, 315, 317, 321, 368
description of: 180-81
Japanese defense of: 317
Japanese defenses on: 319
Japanese strength on: 208
Nat Circle: 320
operations on: 311-12, 313-21, 322
Red Beach 2: 182, 311, 315, 318
Red Beach 3: 182, 311, 315, 316
tactical plans for: 182
Tokyo Pier: 316
Roi-Namur. See also Namur; Roi.
air attacks on: 199-202, 203-04, 205, 305, 306, 308, 311, 313, 324-25
description of: 180-81
Japanese defenses on: 213-14
Japanese strength on: 209, 216, 217-18
logistics for operations on: 192-93
naval bombardment of: 305, 306, 311
operations on: 311-32
tactical plans for: 169, 170, 172-75, 180-82, 304-05, 311-12
training for operations on: 183, 186-87
Rongerik Atoll: 367
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: 4, 5, 7, 12, 16, 23
Roosevelt, Lt. Col. James, USMCR: 28, 62
Roper, Pfc. Paul: 243
Rothwell, Lt. Col. Richard C., USMC: 324n
Rujoru Island: See Canna Island.
Russell: 312
Russell Islands: 20
Ryan, Capt, Bernard E.: 89, 98, 99-100, 112n, 113
Ryan, Maj. Michael P.: 134, 142, 150
Ryukyu Islands: 5
–S–
Salamaua: 11
Samoan Islands: 4, 5, 9, 10, 48, 202, 209, 337
San Francisco: 222-23, 229, 230, 295
Sangamon: 305
Sankyu Transportation Company: 216, 340
Saratoga: 203
Sayers, Ensign William J., USN: 249
Schley 345
Schmidt, Maj. Gen. Harry, USMC. See also Marine Infantry Divisions, 4th; Task Group 56.2.
command of: 171
and logistics for 4th Marine Division: 193
and Roi-Namur operations: 314. 318. 331
and training of 4th Marine Division: 186-87
Schoettel, Maj. John F., USMC: 132, 134-35, 142, 155
Schofield Barracks: 44
Seaplane bases, Japanese: 67-68, 291-93
Searchlights, Japanese: 214
Seventh Air Force, U.S.: 369
commander of: 38
deployment of forces of: 52-53
and Gilberts operations: 24, 52-53, 55
and Marshalls operations: 53, 193-99, 202, 203-04
other operations of: 52
Sheldon, Lt. Col. Frederick B.: 171, 302
Sheridan: 51n
Sherman, Rear Adm. Forrest P.: 70, 168
Sherman, Rear Adm. Frederick C.: 70, 203. See also Task Group 58.3.
Shibasaki, Rear Adm. Keiji: 67, 73, 128, 132
Shipping, Japanese, air attacks on: 54, 55, 56, 195, 197, 198-202, 203, 204, 339, 368
Ship-to-shore movement. See Amphibious operations, U.S.: Supply operations, U.S.
Shisler, Maj. Clair W., USMC: 356
Shore fire control parties: 40, 59, 104-05
Shore party teams: 184-85
Shortages, U.S.
of ammunition: 361
of artillery: 349
of Engineer battalions: 184
of LVTs: 41, 47, 304-05, 307, 308, 312, 322, 338
of radios: 307
Shoup, Col. David M., USMC: 127, 135, 139-41, 142, 145-48
Siberia: 13
Signal Companies. See also .Joint Assault Signal Companies.
7th: 239
75th: 103
Sikes, Capt. Wayne C.: 91
Small, Rear Adm. Ernest G.: 171-72. See also Task Group .50.15.
Smith, Lt. Col. Edward P.: 222
Smith, Maj. Gen. Holland M., USMC: 25, 41, 41n, 49, 59, 251. See also V Amphibious Corps; Task Force 56.
on death of Colonel Conroy: 97n
and Eniwetok operations: 333
and Gilberts operations: 126, 157, 162, 164
on Gilberts and Marshalls operations: 370, 371
and logistics for Marshalls operations: 187, 191
on LVTs: 164
mission of: 44
on 2nd Marine Division: 47
and tactical plans for Marshalls: 169, 170
and training for Marshalls operations: 185
Smith, Maj. Gen. Julian C., USMC: 162. See also Marine Divisions, 2nd.
and Gilberts operations: 33, 127, 141, 142, 145-46, 147, 150, 153, 155
on LVTs: 165
mission of: 25-26
Smith, 1st Lt. Norvin E.: 265
Smith, Maj. Gen. Ralph C.: 106, 122, 124. See also infantry Divisions, 27th.
and amphibious training: 45
biography of: 44
and communications at Butaritari: 105
on LVTs: 164
and tactical plans for Gilberts: 41-43, 41n, 59, 79, 106, 112, 116-17, 118, 122
Solomon Islands: 3, 4-5, 7, 9, 11-12, 13, 15, 17, 20n, 65, 159
Solomon Sea: 11
Sorenson, Pvt. Richard K., USMC: 329n
South China Sea: 13
South Gugegwe Island. See Beverly Island.
South Pacific Area: 5-6, 5n, 9, 11, 13-17, 20, 21, 22, 24, 333
South Sea Islands: 60
Southeastern Pacific Area: 5n
Southern Attack Force (Gilberts)
air support for: 38-40
command of: 34
composition of: 35
loading of: 51
naval support for: 40
route to Gilberts: 57-59
Southern Attack Force (Marshalls). See Task Force 52; Task Force 53; Task Group 56.1.
Southern Carrier Group: 56, 58
Southern Landing Force (Gilberts): 35
Southern Resources Area: 60
Southwest Pacific Area: 5, 5n, 9, 11, 13-17, 18-20, 21, 22-23
Spruance, Vice Adm. Raymond A. See also Task Force 50.
and command organization for Gilberts: 34-39
and Eniwetok operations: 333-34
and Gilberts operations: 26-27, 34-39, 157, 158
and Marshalls operations: 168-72, 199n
and Truk operations: 339
Stevens: 223
Stevenson, 1st Lt. Robert E.: 309
Strait of Malacca: 13
“Strategic Plan for the Defeat of Japan”: 12-17, 18
Strategic plans, Japanese, in Pacific: 4-5, 60-61, 62-67, 68-70
Strategic plans, U.S.
for Central Pacific: 18, 20-24, 218, 333-34, 370-74
Japanese estimate of: 212
for Pacific: 5-17
prewar: 3-4
Strength, Japanese
on Betio: 43
on Butaritari: 71
at Eniwetok Atoll: 333, 335-36, 339-41, 342-43, 348, 360
on Kwajalein Island: 208-09, 210, 211, 215-17, 218
at Majuro: 208
on Makin: 71
naval: 70
on Tarawa: 67-68, 73, 127, 154
Strike Command (Marshalls). See Task Group 57.2 (Marshalls).
Sub-chasers, U.S.: 232, 307-08, 344
Submarines, Japanese: 68, 208, 334
Submarines, U.S.: 4n
Argonaut: 61
for Carolines operations: 16
in Marshalls: 203
Sumatra: 60
Super-battleships, Japanese: 68
Supply operations, U.S.
appraisal of: 163-64
at Kwajalein Atoll: 228-29, 232, 238, 259, 278
use of pallets: 48-49, 117, 188, 191
SWPA. See Southwest Pacific Area.
–T–
Tactical Group One, V Amphibious Corps: 336. See also Watson, Brig. Gen. Thomas E., USMC.
Tactical plans, Japanese
in Central Pacific: 212-13
for Engebi: 342-43
for Eniwetok Island: 342
for island defense: 65
for Parry: 341
for Tarawa: 154
Tactical plans, U.S.
Betio: 43, 127, 132, 147-48, 150, 151, 153-54
for Burton: 178, 259, 291, 294
for Butaritari: 41-43, 89, 91, 93, 94, 96, 98, 101, 108,112, 117, 118, 122
for Eniwetok Atoll: 19, 167, 168, 172, 334, 338
for Eniwetok Island: 338, 348-49, 350-51
for Gilberts: 10, 18-20, 21-22, 23, 25-27, 39-43
for Kwajalein Atoll: 29, 157, 158, 166, 333, 334, 338, 339-40, 371, 374
for Kwajalein Island: 169, 170, 172, 173-75, 177-80, 233, 253, 255, 257, 264, 273, 283-85
for Majuro: 169-70, 172, 173-74, 182, 202, 203
for Makin: 21-22, 39-40, 43, 59
for Maloelap: 19, 168-69, 172, 174
for Marianas: 368
for Marshalls: 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18-22, 23, 167-82, 202
for Parry: 338, 348, 360, 361-63
for Roi-Namur: 169, 170, 172-75, 180-82, 304-05, 311-12
for Tarawa: 21-22, 39-43, 127, 132, 147-48, 150, 151, 153, 155
for Truk: 333
for Wotje: 19, 168-69, 172, 174
Tactics, Japanese
ambush: 124
antitank: 71
counterattack: 123, 252-53, 281
harassing: 108
infiltration: 108, 123, 147, 252
Tactics, U.S.
air: 173
appraisal of: 158-65
to avoid friendly fire fights: 42-43
close-in: 154
engineer-infantry: 235
envelopment: 59
flanking: 247
harassing: 250
infantry-artillery: 243
infantry-engineer: 321
LCI(G): 173
mopping-up: 90, 112, 113, 116, 148-50
naval bombardment: 159-61, 165, 173, 349
tank-infantry: 42-43, 45-47, 79, 85, 91-94, 96, 100, 104, 112, 116, 118-19, 142, 147, 162-63, 183-84, 243-44, 255-56, 258, 286, 296, 318-19, 321, 327-29, 338, 364, 365
Takao: 70
Tamana Atoll: 63
Tanimiaki Village: 124
Tank Battalions
on Butaritari: 82, 91-93, 117, 125
767th:
on Burton: 295
on Kwajalein Island: 178, 233, 236, 249, 253, 257-58, 287
training of: 183-84
708th Amphibian
on Burton: 295
on Carlson and Carlos: 222
and Eniwetok operations: 336-37
on Kwajalein Island: 232
training of: 188-89
Tanks, Japanese, light: 76, 142, 143, 341, 342, 343
Tanks, U.S. See also LVT(A)’s.
on Bennett: 300-301
on Betio: 43
on Burton: 295, 296-97, 300-301
on Butaritari: 91-94, 95-96, 97, 98, 100
efficiency of tank-infantry communications: 104
at Eniwetok Atoll: 338, 345, 347, 349, 350, 354. 357, 359, 363, 364, 365
in Gilberts: 104, 107, 109, 111
in Kwajalein Atoll: 178, 222, 225, 232, 233n, 236, 243-44, 249, 253, 256, 258, 259
on Kwajalein Island: 286-87, 288
light: 77, 79, 93-94, 95-96, 97, 98, 100, 107, 111, 118, 119, 122, 124, 150, 162-63, 193, 222, 225, 233n, 236, 249, 253, 258, 286, 295, 301, 316, 323, 324, 327, 331, 349, 354, 357, 359
on Makin: 77-78, 79, 82, 85-86, 112-13, 114, 116, 118-19, 122, 124, 162-63
medium: 82, 85-86, 91-94, 98, 109, 112-13, 114, 116, 118-19, 122, 124, 134, 142, 146-47, 163, 178, 193, 232, 236, 243-44, 249, 253, 258, 286, 295, 300, 316, 318, 319, 329-31, 338, 345, 347-48, 350, 357, 363, 364-65
on Roi-Namur: 314, 316-19, 321, 323, 324, 327-31
at Tarawa: 127, 133, 134, 142, 143, 146-47, 150, 162-63
waterproofed: 77-78
Taongi: 211
Tarawa Atoll: 58, 68, 166, 186, 188, 190, 196, 218, 240. See also Betio; Gilbert Islands.
aerial reconnaissance of: 54
air attacks on: 52, 53-54, 55-56, 67, 194
air support for: 38-40
bombardment of: 56, 129-32, 150
casualties at: 133, 134, 139, 141-42
description of: 31
effect of campaign in, on Japanese tactics: 213
evacuation of Japanese aircraft from: 67-68
Holland Smith on operations in: 157
intelligence estimates of: 27, 31-34
Japanese defenses at: 48, 62, 65, 73-74, 128, 132, 135-37, 143
Japanese strength at: 63, 64, 65, 67-68, 73
landing craft for: 48
operations at: 112, 118, 127-56
reinforcement of: 107
results of operations at: 157
supply operations at: 144-47, 148
tactical lessons learned at: 158-65
tactical plans for: 21-22, 39-43, 127, 132, 147-48, 150, 151, 153, 155
Target dates
Bismarck Archipelago: 15
Bougainville: 15
Burma: 19
Central Pacific: 19, 20-21, 23, 24
New Britain: 15
Southwest Pacific Area: 23
Truk: 333
Taroa Island: 195-97, 203, 204, 205
Task Forces
in Gilberts
52: 34-35, 47, 129n. See also Northern Attack Force (Gilberts).
53: 34-35, 127. See also Southern Attack Force (Gilberts).
54: 34. See also Northern Attack Force (Gilberts); Southern Attack Force (Gilberts).
in Marshalls
50: 170, 170n, 199n. See also Spruance, Vice Adm. Raymond A.
51: 170. See also Turner, Rear Adm. Richmond Kelly.
52: 170, 172, 173-74, 175, 179-80, 203, 205, 219, 221, 228, 229, 230, 240. See also Turner, Rear Adm. Richmond Kelly.
53: 170, 173, 186-87, 192-93, 203, 205, 305, 311, 332. See also Conolly, Rear Adm. Richard L.
56: 170. See also Smith, Maj. Gen. Holland M., USMC.
57: 171-72, 175. See also Hoover, Rear Adm. John H.
58: 171-72, 174, 199, 202-03, 278, 334, 338-39, 343. See also Mitscher, Rear Adm. Marc A.
at Rabaul
38: 70
at Wake
14: 54. See also Montgomery, Rear Adm. Alfred E.
Task Groups
in Gilberts
50.3: 70
57.2: 39
57.3: 39
57.4: 39
in Marshalls
50.15: 171-72, 203, 205. See also Small, Rear Adm. Ernest G.
51.2: 170-71, 173-74, 182, 203, 302-04. See also Eniwetok Expeditionary Group; Hill, Rear Adm. Harry W.
56.1: 170-71, 301. See also Corlett, Maj. Gen. Charles H.
56.2: 171. See also Schmidt, Maj. Gen. Harry, USMC.
57.2: 171-72. See also Hale, Maj. Gen. Willis H.
57.3: 172. See also Merritt, Brig. Gen. Lewie G., USMC.
58.1: 199, 203, 205, 278. See also Reeves, Rear Adm. John W.
58.2: 203, 205. See also Montgomery, Rear Adm. Alfred E.
58.3: 199, 203, 205. See also Sherman, Rear Adm. Frederick C.
58.4: 203, 205, 336, 339, 343. See also Ginder, Rear Adm. Samuel P.
Tennessee: 305, 312, 344, 345, 363
Tenney, Col. Clesen H.: 125
Terrain
Eniwetok Atoll: 334
Kwajalein Island: 175
Roi-Namur: 180-81
Tetrahedrons, Japanese: 73, 74
Thirteenth Air Force, U.S.: 369
Thompson, S. Sgt. Michael: 93-94
Thuban: 51n
Timor: 60
Tiner, 1st Lt. Emmett L.: 219
TNT pole charges. See Weapons, U.S., TNT pole charges.
Tognietti, T. Sgt. Ernest: 272
Tone: 70
Toppin, Sgt. William: 356
Torpedo bombers, U.S.: 339
Torrutj Island. See Clarence Island.
Tracked landing vehicles. See LVTs.
Tractor Battalion, 708th Amphibian: 337, 363
Training, U.S.
for Eniwetok operations: 337-38
of 4th Marine Division: 183, 186-87
for landing operations: 184, 185
of LST crews: 313
for Marshalls operations: 168, 183-87
of 106th Infantry: 185
of pilots for air support: 161-62
of 2nd Marine Division: 47
of 7th Infantry Division: 183-85
tank-infantry: 183-84
of 27th Infantry Division: 24, 44-47
Transport Division 20: 47
Transport Division 26: 311
Transport Group 4: 148
Transportation Corps: 189
Transports, U.S.
attack. See APAs.
cargo. See AKAs.
high-speed. See APDs.
TRIDENT. See Washington conference, May 1943. Trobriand Islands: 11
Truk: 4, 9, 10, 15-16, 29, 166, 167, 196, 203, 207, 208, 211, 212, 217, 335, 340, 372, 373-74
air attacks on: 333, 334, 338-39, 366, 368, 369, 373
airfields: 339
as Japanese base: 60, 64, 68-69, 334
tactical plans for: 333
Tsuyuki, Capt. Kenzo: 215
Tukerere Island: 113n
Tulagi: 37
Turner, Rear Adm. Richmond Kelly: 4n, 47, 59, 124-25. See also Fifth Amphibious Force; Task Forces, 51 (Marshalls) and 52 (Marshalls).
on bombardment of Butaritari: 76
and Butaritari operations: 75, 82, 88n
and communications at Butaritari: 104, 105n
and Kwajalein operations: 220, 222, 230, 251, 257, 289
and logistics of Marshalls operations: 190, 191
and Makin operations: 117, 122
operational plan for Gilberts: 30, 39-40
and reinforcement for Tarawa: 106-07
and tactical plans for Marshalls: 169, 170, 172-75, 177
and Tarawa operations: 129n, 150
Tysen, Capt. George W., USN: 249
–U–
Ujae Atoll: 366
Ujelang Atoll: 367
Ukiangong Point: 41, 42, 62, 79, 81-82, 99, 100, 113, 118, 119
Ukiangong Village: 30, 41-42, 79, 81, 107
Ulithi Atoll: 373
Underhill, Brig. Gen. James L., USMC: 181-82, 304, 307-08, 309
Underwater demolition teams: 371
at Eniwetok: 337
at Engebi: 344-45
at Kwajalein Island: 229
–V–
Valentine, 1st Sgt. Thomas E.: 113
Valenzuela, Pfc. Solteros E.: 271-72
Very long range bombers. See B-29’s. Virgo: 225
Vogelkop Peninsula: 14
–W–
Waianae Amphibious Training Center: 45, 185
Wake: 4-5, 19, 54, 60, 65, 69, 167, 207, 209, 210, 368
Walker, Col. John T., USMC: 336
Walker, Lt. Col. William P.: 233
Wallace, Lt. Col. Lee: 222
Washington conference, May 1943: 12-17, 18
Watson, Brig. Gen. Thomas E., USMC: 336
Weapons, Japanese. See also Guns, Japanese; Howitzers, Japanese; Mortars, Japanese; Tanks, Japanese.
flame throwers: 342
grenades: 144
land mines: 213, 342, 360, 365
mortars: 235
naval mines: 344
tank traps: 71, 74, 215. See also Butaritari, East and West Tank Barriers.
Weapons, U.S. See also Guns, U.S.; Howitzers, U.S.: Mortars, U.S.; Tanks, U.S.
Composition C: 270
demolition charges: 235, 258, 297, 319
flame throwers: 86, 91, 93, 100, 143, 163, 233, 233n, 243, 245, 297, 364
grenades: 42, 85, 91, 93, 99, 108, 117. 118-19, 154, 220, 238, 243, 245, 258, 266, 289, 291, 319, 364
rocket launchers, defective operation of: 77. 83
rocket launchers, 2.36-inch: 86, 99, 291
rocket launchers, 4.5-inch: 173, 222, 233, 308, 371
satchel charges: 270, 271, 288, 326
TNT blocks: 116
Weatherwax, Maj. Ben K.: 145
Weaver, Maj. Maynard E.: 294
Weeks, 1st Lt. Harvey C., USMC: 303
White, Capt. Charles A.: 266, 269-70, 272, 273
Willson, Vice Adm. Russell: 22
Wilson, 1st Lt. Robert: 123
Woleai Atoll: 373
Wolff, Capt. Sanford I.: 265
Wotho Atoll: 366
Wotje Atoll: 166, 212, 340, 340n, 369. See also Marshall Islands.
aerial reconnaissance of: 39
air attacks on: 194, 199, 202, 203-04, 205, 366, 367, 368
airfield: 172, 174, 199, 204, 211-12
Japanese defenses in: 209
Japanese strength in: 207, 208-09, 210
naval bombardment of: 205
tactical plans for: 19, 168-69, 172, 174
–Y–
Yamada, Rear Adm. Michiyuki: 217
Yamato: 68
Yano, Col, Toshio: 342
Yap: 373
Yoshida, Capt. Hidemi, UN: 206
Young, Lt. John L.: 247
–Z–
Z Operation: 65
Zeilin: 51n
Zimmerman, Col. Wayne C.: 219