Index
–A–
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., 38, 174
AC (hydrogen cyanide). See Hydrogen cyanide.
Acetylene, German processes for, 48
Acme Die and Machine Co., 358
Acushnet Process Co., 243, 326
Adams, Lytle S., 187
Adamsite, 73-74
gas mask protection, 81
in tear gas grenades, 71-72
Adjutant General, The, 342
Administration Division, CWS, 13
Administration and Management Branch, Control Division, OC CWS, 298
Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense, 246, 248, 255
Advisory Committee, U.S.-Canadian, 45
Advisory Committee on Effectiveness of Chemical Warfare Materiel in Tropics, 46
Aero Medical Research Laboratory, Wright Field, Ohio, 97
Aerosols research, 42
Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 19, 103, 104
Air Chemical Officer, 275, 276
Air chemical service companies, 268
Air Service, 11
Airborne Command, 82
Airplane flame thrower, 163
Airplane smoke tanks
in amphibious landings, 218
German, 218
Japanese, 218
M40, 218
Navy, 217
research and development, 214-19, 224
Airplane spray tanks, 163
German, 218
Japanese, 218
M33, 65
M33A1, 65
research and development, 32, 62, 65-66, 215
Alaska, supply shipments to, 411
Aliphatic nitrosocarbamates research, 50
Alkali-Chlorine Subcommittee, 271
Allegany Ballistics Laboratory, NDRC, 45
Allen, Edward M., 247, 248, 248n
Allen, J. J., 322
ALSOS Mission, 114
American Broach Co, 353
American Can Co., 19
American Chemical Society, 11, 29, 30
American Cyanamid Co., 57, 60, 61
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), 6-7, 14, 52, 219
chemical laboratory, 9-12
flame thrower, 139
supplies furnished by British and French, 19, 26
American Laundry Machinery Co., 256, 330, 331
American Machine Defense Corp., 348
American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corp., 346
American Sheet and Tin Plate Co., 4
American Telephone and Telegraph Co., 287-88
American University Experiment Station, 5-8, 13, 24, 25, 31
Ammonia mask, 34
Ammonium chloride disposal, 425, 430
Amphibian Brigade, 4th, 82
Amphibious operations
flame thrower, 156-57
gas mask for, 82-83
incendiary rockets, 195
mortar gunboat, 36-38
smoke, 198
Amphibious Training Command, Carrabelle, Fla., 137
Analytical Department, Research Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30
Angaur Island, 137
Antiaircraft Artillery, gas mask requirements, 83, 84
Antidimming, 22
Antitank rifle grenade, M9A1, 221
Antitank tear gas rocket. 72
Antonelli Fireworks Co., 361n
Apparatus for Toxicological Experiments project, 32
Appropriations
FY 1942, 343
Arkansas Ordnance Plant, Little Rock, Ark., 358
Armored Force, 84, 88, 89, 219, 337
Armored Force Board, 82, 84, 151, 152, 153, 162
Armored Medical Research Laboratory, 87, 165
Army Air Forces (AAF), 36, 268, 337, 377
airplane flame thrower, 163
airplane spray tests, 66
butane bomb project, 189
and chemical bombs, 55
colored smoke munitions requirement, 219, 220, 222
estimation of requirements, 275-76
gas mask requirement, 84
incendiary bombs, 174, 175, 178, 179, 181, 182, 183, 185, 348, 349
and incendiary shell development, 193
JB-2 flying bomb project, 224
Weary Willie project, 189-90
Army Board for Production Awards, 379
Army Ground Forces (AGF), 273
colored smoke munitions requirement, 219
eyeshield requirement, 89
gas mask requirement, 82, 83, 86
mortar requirement, 130
and tank mounted flame thrower, 152, 369
Army Industrial College, 227, 422
Army Medical Purchasing Office, N.Y., 95
Army and Navy Munitions Board (ANMB), 227, 246
advisory committee, 248, 249, 271
priority ratings, 259, 261, 280
Army Service Forces (ASF), 47, 107, 113, 272, 278, 279, 339, 349, 352
computation of requirements, 273, 274, 275, 276, 281
cutbacks, 329
demobilization planning, 412, 413, 415, 416, 419, 420, 425, 426, 427
depots, 382, 383, 397, 398, 399, 410
and 4.2-inch mortar shell procurement, 357, 358, 365, 366
inspection procedures, 288, 289
and optical mask, 326
postwar organization plan, 431, 432, 433, 435
and spare parts, 307
statistical control procedures, 297, 298, 303, 306,
stock control, 401-03
and tank mounted flame thrower, 152, 154, 159, 368, 369, 370, 371
Army Service Forces Circular 67, 7 March 1944, 303, 304
Army Service Forces Enemy Equipment Intelligence Service Team, 47, 113
Army Supply Program, 274, 276, 300, 357, 371, 413, 416
Aromatic carbamates research, 50
Arsenal and Depot Facilities Program, 250
Arsenal Operations Department, Edgewood Arsenal, 259
Arsenals. See also arsenals by name.
construction, 250-54, 256-58, 276-79
demobilization, 414, 415, 416, 417
planning, 234-37, 238, 241, 247, 252, 256
Arsenicals research, 50
Arthur D. Little, Inc., 81, 169
Assistant Chief, CWS, for Field Operations, 275, 304, 305
Assistant Chief, CWS, for Materiel, 287, 288, 291, 304, 305, 365, 366, 419
Assistant Chief of Air Staff for Materiel, Maintenance and Distribution, 276
Assistant Chief of Air Staff for Operations, Commitments and Requirements, 276
Assistant Chief of Air Staff (Plans), 107
Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, ETO, 113
Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, WDGS, 103, 104, 105
Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, WDGS, 250
Assistant Chief of Staff, G-4, WDGS, 228, 370
and plant construction, 236, 237, 238, 239, 250, 251, 252, 254
reviews requirements, 273, 274
Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations, SOS, 402, 403
Assistant Secretary of War
industrial mobilization planning, 226, 227, 230, 231, 232, 238, 242, 246, 247, 252
pricing policies, 292
Astoria Light, Heat, and Power Co., 22
Atherton, H. F., 248n
Athletic Club House, Yale University, 8
Atlanta General Depot, 263, 398
Atlanta Chemical Warfare Procurement District, 286
Atlantic Division, Westinghouse Electrical Corp., 369
Atlantic Elevator Co., 369
Atlas Ansonia, 358
Attorney General of U.S., 249
Aubervilliers, France, filling plant, 15
Auld, Lt. Col. Samuel J. M., 7, 17n
Austin Bridge Co., 346
Australia
biological warfare intelligence, 113
chemical warfare tests, 46
Azeville, France, 143
Azochloramid protective ointment, 92
–B–
Bacillus bomb, Japanese, 115
Bacillus globigii , 109
Bacon, Col. Raymond F., 9, 10, 11
Bacon, William S., 22
Badger Fire Extinguisher Co., 339
Baker, Newton D., 13
Baker, Maj. Gen. Walter C., 247, 253, 256, 260
BAL (British antilewisite), 68, 93, 94, 95, 99
Baldwin, Ira L., 105
Baldwin Laboratories, 340
Balloons, Japanese, 115
Baltimore, Md., 253, 257, 277, 369
headquarters of Gas Offense Production Division,
World War I, 17
suboffice of Chief, CWS, 290
Baltimore Cargo Port of Embarkation, 410
Bangalore torpedoes, 41
Barium chromate, 270
Barker, Lt. Col. Maurice E., 103
Barnebey-Cheney Engineering Co., 244, 254, 254n, 320
Barnes, J. M., 114n
Baruch-Hancock Report, 419, 426
Bat incendiary project, 187-88
Bata Shoe Co., 281
Bataan, Philippine Islands, Japanese flame thrower captured, 47, 146
Batavia Metal Products, Inc., 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 379, 380, 421
Bauer and Black, 95
Bazooka rocket, 2.36-inch, 194, 195
Bean, John, Manufacturing Co., 337, 338
Beattie Manufacturing Co., 294, 367
Beck, Lawrence J., 368
Belknap, Charles, 248n
Bell Aircraft Ordnance Division, 416n
Bell Machine Co., 294, 352, 353, 354, 416n
Bellinger, Maj. Frederick, 224
Ben Hur Automobile Co., 67
Benicia Arsenal, Calif., 174
Berger, Capt. Ernest E. F., 200
Berger mixture, smoke agent, 197, 200, 205
Biological Survey, CWS cooperative project with, 33
Biological warfare
defense, 115-20
definition, 102
detection of biological agents, 116
intelligence information, 101, 108, 112-15
intelligence service, 105, 106
liaison with British and Canadians, 101, 103, 104, 107. 111, 113, 121
Biological Warfare Center, CWS, 107
Biological Warfare School, Camp Detrick, 113
Biological Warfare Subcommittee, JCS, 107
Birmingham, England, incendiary air raid on, 178
Birmingham Plants, Birmingham, Ala., 278n, 416n
Bischoff, Ernest, Co., Inc., 340
Black, Col. H. M., 301
Blair, J. B., Co., 369
Bleaching powder
for Brazil, 408
procurement, World War II, 336, 393
supply, World War I, 22, 336, 392
Blythe Colour Works, Cresswell, England, 256
Bomb, chemical
filled in World War II, 55, 57-58, 61, 65
M47, 100-pound mustard, 168, 170
M47A1, 100-pound mustard, 65, 170
M47A2, 100-pound mustard, 40, 65
M70, 115-pound mustard, 41, 65
M70A1, 115-pound mustard, 65
M78, 500-pound cyanogen chloride, 61
M78, 500-pound phosgene, 54-55
M79, 1,000-pound cyanogen chloride, 41, 61
M79, 1,000-pound hydrogen cyanide, 57-58
M79, 1,000-pound phosgene, 41, 54-55
procurement, 65
Bomb, incendiary. See Incendiary bomb.
Bomb. Japanese bacillus, 115
Bomb, JB-2 flying, 224
Bomb, Ordnance
AN-M30, 30-pound, 195
AN-M57, 250-pound, 195
M38A2, 100-pound, 223
Bomb, smoke. See Smoke munitions, bomb.
Boosters, shell. See Shell boosters.
Boothby-Lovelace oxygen therapy apparatus, 97
Borden, Brig. Gen. William A., 131, 370
Borneo, 218
Boston Chemical Warfare Procurement District, 230, 320, 326, 357, 398
Boston Port of Embarkation, 409
Bougainville, 159
Brigham, Maj. Gen. Claude E., 168, 234, 235, 236, 237, 239
Brightman, Maj. G. M., 17n
Brine wells, World War I, 17
Bristol Myers Co., 334
British Army, 46, 123, 153, 201
British Army, Third, 7
British Army Staff, 107
British Commonwealth, exchange of chemical warfare information with, 45-46
British Gas Warfare Mission, 7n
British ISCCW, 107
British Military Mission, World War I, 7
British Petroleum Warfare Department, 163
British Purchasing Commission (BPC), 45, 404
Bromine supplies, World War I, 17
Bromoacetone, 14
Brown, Weldon G., 76
Budd Wheel Co., 354
Building of Mines, Columbia University, 37
Buna Village, Papua, 139
Bundy, Harvey H., 103
Bureau of the Budget, U.S., 236, 250
Bureau of Chemistry, Agriculture Dept., 19
Bureau of Entomology, 32
Bureau of Fisheries, 33
Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Dept., 103, 104, 109, 165
Bureau of Mines, Interior Dept., 22
chemical warfare organization transferred to War Dept., 13
chemical warfare research, 1917-18, 2-8, 12, 14, 17, 26
gas mask research, 19
Bureau of Ordnance, Navy Dept., 107, 109-10, 156, 165, 187
Bureau of Yards and Docks, Navy Dept., 33
Burma
Japanese equipment captured, 58, 164
U.S. equipment, 408
Burns, Col. James H., 228
Burster
cylindrical, 65
HE-white phosphorus, 179, 180, 195
tetryl, 60
Bursting charges research, 24
Bushnell, Fla., experiment station, 40, 41
Buswell, A. M., 96
Butane bomb, incendiary project, 188-89
Butler, Walter, Co., 257
–C–
Cacodyl cyanide, toxic agent in Crimean War, 1
Calcium hypochlorite, 118
California, University of, 11, 19, 40, 60, 110
California Ink Co., 351
California Institute of Technology, 39, 72
Camp Detrick
activation, 108
and biological and chemical protection, 116, 119
biological warfare research, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 120, 121
biological warfare school, 113
security measures, 111-12
Camp Leach, 5
Camp McCoy, 355
Camp Paraiso, 40
Camp Polk, 87
Camp Sibert, 277, 309, 312, 388
Canada, 115
biological warfare liaison with U.S., 103, 107, 111, 113, 121
chemical warfare liaison with U.S., 45, 46
purchase of U.S. chemical munitions, 407
testing of chemical munitions, 41
Canadian Department of Chemical Warfare and Smoke, 107
Canadian Field Experimental Station, 46
Canister, gas mask. See Gas mask canister.
Captured enemy equipment, 37
CWS study of, 46-48, 50n, 55, 58, 66, 76-77, 80, 146, 158
Carbine, M1, 221
Carbon materials, for gas masks, 21-22
Carbonyl chloride. See Phosgene.
Carey, W. Gordon, 17n
Caribbean Defense Command, 105
Carlisle Lumber Co., 244
Carlsbad Caverns, N. Mex., 187-88
Carnegie Institute of Technology, 19
Casco Products Co., 358
Casualties, British air raid, 178
Casualties, gas
headwound gas mask, 84-85
medical supplies, 93-96
medical treatment, 4, 29, 44, 97-100
Caudle, Theron L., 367
Cavalry, gas mask requirements, 84
equipment, 329-32
manufacturing plants, 244, 254, 255, 272
production, 328-29
research, 91, 120, 329, 331, 332
Celanese Corporation of America, 186
Central Pacific Area
enemy equipment intelligence teams, 47, 113
illuminating shell, 136
main armament flame thrower production, 153-59, 161-63
Central Planning Section, Industrial Division, OC CWS, 300
CG (carbonyl chloride). See Phosgene.
Chamberlain, Lt. Col. W. Hepburn, 404
Chance, Capt. Edwin M., 14, 15
Charcoal, 316. See also Whetlerite.
plant construction, 244, 254-55, 259
research, World War I, 19, 21, 22
Charleston, S.C., Port of Embarkation, 409
Charleston Chemical Co., 17
Chaumont, France, gas warfare experimental field, 12
Chemical Advisory Committee, AN MB, 248, 249, 271
Chemical artillery shells. See Shells, chemical.
Chemical bomb. See Bomb, chemical.
Chemical Commodity Division, OC CWS, 270, 295, 407
Chemical Construction Co., 61
Chemical cylinder. See Cylinder, chemical.
Chemical Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 29, 30
Chemical grenade. See Grenade, chemical.
Chemical Laboratory Companies. See Laboratory Companies.
Chemical maintenance companies, 142, 310
Chemical Manufacture Section (American University), 6
Chemical mortar. See Mortar, chemical, 4.2-inch.
Chemical mortar battalions. See Mortar battalions, chemical.
Chemical plants, construction planning, 234-37, 247
Chemical processing companies, 331
Chemical Research and Development Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 29, 30
Chemical Research Section (American University), 6
Chemical rocket. See Rocket, chemical.
Chemical Section, ASF Depot, 382, 383
Chemical Section, Central Pacific Area, 156, 157
Chemical Section, Industrial Division, OC CWS. 270
Chemical section, port of embarkation, 409, 410
Chemical Section, USAFPOA, 162
Chemical Service Section, 9, 12, 13
Chemical service trailer, 269
Chemical service truck, 269
Chemical shells. See Shells, chemical.
Chemical smoke generator companies, 209
Chemical Warfare Board, 35, 38, 84, 337
established, 30
incendiary shell, 135
Chemical Warfare Branch Committee, 29
Chemical Warfare Center (CWC), 389, 416
Chemical Warfare School, 38, 253, 254
Chemical Warfare Section, ASF Enemy Equipment Intelligence Service Team, 47, 113
Chemical Warfare Service (CWS), 8
appropriations, 32, 33, 36, 250-55, 343
biological warfare responsibility, 102, 104, 106-08, 433, 434
demobilization, World War I, 24-27
established, 12-13
incendiaries, development responsibility, 167, 168, 172-73, 389
peacetime supply program, 227-40
permanent branch of Army, 24
postwar role and mission, 431-35
Chemical Warfare Service-MIT Development Laboratory. See Development Laboratory, CWS-MIT.
Chemical Warfare Technical Committee (CWTC), 35
main armament mechanized flame thrower, 150
scientific program, 1920, 31
Chemicals
lend-lease requirements, 404-08
procurement, 54, 61, 71, 198, 215, 220, 269-72, 283, 294-95, 404-08
Chemistry Committee, NRC, 3
Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad, 277
gas mask assembly plant, 244
warehouse leasing, 381
Chicago, University of
chemical warfare research, 8, 9, 19, 61, 75, 76, 97
NDRC toxicity laboratory, 45, 49, 53
Chicago District Field Office, Bureau of Internal Revenue, 365
Chicago Ordnance District, 379
Chicago Procurement District, 114, 230, 326, 334, 339, 372
airplane smoke tanks, 376
and 4.2-inch mortar program, 352, 353, 354, 357, 360, 363, 364
gas mask distribution, 398, 404
Chief, Chemical Corps, 421
Chief, Chemical Warfare Service, 30, 35, 168. See also Porter, Maj. Gen. William N.
and machine tool shortage, 260
and plant construction, 250, 252, 253, 256, 257, 258, 278, 279
procurement planning, 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 242, 243, 244, 247, 270, 271, 280, 283
Chief, Intelligence, CWS, 113
Chief, Military Intelligence Service, War Dept., 107
Chief Chemical Officer, ETO, 113
Chief Chemical Officer, USAFFE, 47, 139, 146-47
Chief of Naval Operations, 188
Chief of Ordnance, 343
Chief of Staff, ASF, 107
Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 10, 107
demobilization planning, 412
and incendiary bomb program, 257
industrial mobilization planning, 232, 235, 236, 237, 239, 250, 251, 256
and mortar battalions, 352
postwar organization, 432
Chief of Transportation, 408
China, lend-lease, 408
China-Burma-India Theater, 411
biological warfare intelligence, 106, 113
enemy equipment intelligence teams, 47
incendiary shell requirements, 193
lend-lease supplies, 408
Chindwin River, Japanese equipment captured, 58
Chlorine, 92
German gas attack at Ypres, 2, 77
German plants, 48
manufacture, World War I, 14, 16, 17, 49, 270
procurement, 270-72
protective equipment, 61-62
S-330 compound, ointment, 93
toxic agent in Civil War, 1
Chlorine Institute, 271
Chloroacetophenone, 34, 70-73, 74, 228
Chloropicrin, 14, 16, 17, 19, 60, 80
CIOS. See Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee.
City slicker incendiary, 187
Civil War, U.S., chemical shell, 1
CK (cyanogen chloride). See Cyanogen chloride.
Clark, W. Mansfield, 105
Clayton Manufacturing Co., 376
Clemson College, 33
Cleveland Hospital Clinic, 34
CN (chloroacetophenone). See Chloroacetophenone.
CNB toxic filling, 133
CNS toxic filling, 133
Coast Artillery Corps, gas mask requirements, 83, 84
Cochrane, Admiral Thomas, 1
Collective Protection Department, Protective Development Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Collective protectors, 37, 87-88, 117, 118
M1A1, 87
M2A1, 87
M3, 87
Colored smoke. See Smoke, colored.
CWS laboratory, 37, 38, 41, 131, 351, 352
and napalm manufacture, 351, 352
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 45, 274
Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee (CIOS), 48
Combined Raw Materials Board, 406
Combined shops, ASF, 311
Commanding General, ASF. See Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B.
Commanding Officer, Edgewood Arsenal, 235
Commerce, Department of, marine piling investigation, 33
Committee on Insect and Rodent Control, OSRD, 225
Committee on Insect and Rodent Control, U.S. Army, 225
Committee on Marine Piling Investigation, NRC, 33
Committee on Medical Research (CMR), 92, 99
Committee on Medicine, NRC, 44
Committee on Treatment of Gas Casualties (CTGC), 44, 92, 99
Committees, Congressional. See U.S. Congress.
Conant, James B., 42
Construction Division, OC CWS, 279
Containers, chemical, 267, 269
Contract Settlement Act, 1944, 419, 420
Contract Settlement Review Team, CWS, 421, 423
Contract termination, 25, 312, 413, 417-23, 425
Contract Termination Branch, Purchases Division, ASF, 419
Contractors, criminal involvement of, 361-67
biological warfare research, 105
educational orders, 239, 242-44, 245, 246, 252, 255, 282, 283, 293, 314, 315, 317, 322, 340
negotiation, 282
procurement, 174, 241, 242, 243, 244, 257, 258, 259, 280, 282-86, 289-96, 300, 315, 333, 334, 335, 343-44, 348-49, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 363, 369, 371, 372, 373, 375, 376, 414
research and development, 42-45, 53, 57, 60, 61, 63, 80, 99, 148, 151, 332, 333, 336
termination, 25, 312, 413, 417-23, 425
Control Division, ASF, 401, 432
Control Division, OC CWS, 275, 298, 300, 307, 412, 415
Control Section, Paris Laboratory, AEF, 11
Controlled Materials Plan (CMP), 278, 281, 282
Copthorne, Col. William A., 139
Corps Area supply, 398-401
Corps of Engineers. See Engineers, Corps of.
Corrosion problem, 43, 50, 62, 170, 387, 391, 392, 393, 394
Cost Analysis Branch, Fiscal Division, OC CWS, 290
Council of National Defense, 42, 103, 246, 248, 251, 255
Craig, General Malin, 232, 237
Crane Co., 352
Crete, German parachute drop, 218
Crimean War, 1
Critical Item Program, 250
Critical materials. See Raw materials shortage.
Cromartie, William J., 114n
Cummings, Col. Samuel N., 270
Cummings Construction Co., 253
Current Procurement Branch, Procurement Division, OASW, 226
Cyanogen chloride, 58-61
detectors, 76
German munitions, 61
Japanese munitions, 61
procurement, 61
research, 58-61
Cylinder, chemical
procurement, World War I, 18
research and development, 32
–D–
DA (diphenylchloroarsine). See Diphenylchloro-arsine.
Dallas Chemical Warfare Procurement District, 286, 319, 324, 357, 372
DANC (decontaminating agent, noncorrosive), 118, 336, 337
David Bradley Manufacturing Division, Sears Roebuck and Co., 357
Davis Emergency Equipment Co., 95
Day and Night Manufacturing Co., 357
Decontaminating agents, 22, 118, 269, 272, 336, 337, 391-93, 408
Decontaminating apparatus
procurement, 336-39
DEF Committee, 107
Defandorf, Lt. Col. James H., 102n, 103, 105
Defense Plant Corporation (DPC), 224, 345
Demobilization, industrial. See Industrial demobilization.
Demobilization, World War I, 24-27
Demobilization Planning Branch, Control Division, OC CWS, 412, 413, 415
Denues, Lt. Arthur R. T., 127
Denver, Colo., arsenal, 277
Depot distribution system. See Distribution system, CWS.
Depot storage, 263-65, 297-306, 381-93
bleaching powder, 391-93
incendiary bombs, 381, 382, 389-91
packing and packaging, 393-97
toxics, 386-89
Derby, H. L., 248n
Deseret Chemical Warfare Depot, Utah, 277, 302, 382, 384, 385, 386
regional supply, 399, 401, 410
storage of toxics, 386
Desert Warfare Board, 88
Design Department, Engineering Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Detection, biological warfare, 101, 115-18
Detection, chemical warfare
equipment, U.S., 75-76, 334, 335, 341
research projects, 42, 43, 75-76
Detectors, gas. See Gas detector equipment.
Development Division, CWS, 13
Development Laboratory, CWS-MIT, 63, 81, 82, 86, 87
construction, 36-37
flame thrower research, 143, 165
gas detector kits, 75, 76, 77, 335
synthetic rubber research, 322, 324
toxic agent research, 52-53, 63
DeVilbiss Co., 212
Dewey and Almy Chemical Co., 333
Diamond T Co., 268
Dichloramine-T, protective ointment, 92, 95
Diphenylaminechloroarsine. See Adamsite.
Diphenylchloroarsine, 17, 73, 74
Director of Demobilization, ASF, 412
Director of Intelligence, ASF, 47
Director of Production, ASF, 278, 289
Dirigible and Balloon Gas Section (American University), 6
Distribution Division, ASF, 312
Distribution system, CWS, 262-65, 297-306, 397-411
Corps Area supply, 398-401
lend-lease, 403-08
maintenance and reclamation, 309-13
ports of embarkation, 399, 401, 402, 408-11
spare parts, 306-09
stock control, 401-03
Ditto, Brig. Gen. Rollo C., 256, 291, 304, 366
Division B, NDRC, 42
Division of Engineering and Industrial Research, NRC, 33
Division of Medical Sciences, NRC, 44
Divisions. See Infantry divisions.
DM (adamsite). See Adamsite.
Doolittle, Lt. Col. James H., 174, 258n
Doolittle bombing raid on Japan, 115, 174-75
Doughty, John W., 1
Douglas Aircraft Co., 216
Dow, Louis S., Co., 358
Dow, Willard H., 248n
HC smoke mixture production, 371
magnesium production, 345, 346
Doxey, Lt. Col. Thomas A., Jr., 275
Drop bombs, 228
Duck River Plant, Columbia, Tenn., 278n, 416n
Dugout blankets, 22
Dugout-blanket oil, 22
Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, 108, 109
testing, 39-41, 54, 57, 59-60, 61, 66, 185, 189, 378
DUKW, 158
Duncan, Lt. Col. Lyman C., 305
Du Pont, Lammot, 248n
Du Pont de Nemours, E. I., & Co., 53, 57, 71, 95, 99, 277, 336
gasoline thickener research, 169
hexachloroethane production, 372
impregnite plants, 255, 328, 331
Dyer, Dr. Rolla E., 105
–E–
E awards, 379-80
East St. Louis, Ill., impregnite plant, 255, 328
Eastern Chemical Warfare Depot (Edgewood), 174, 306, 309
regional supply, 397, 398, 399, 401, 410
stocks of war reserves, 227, 229
storage space, 381, 382, 384, 385
Eastes, Capt. J. W., 64
Eastman Kodak Co., 352
Eddy, Maj. John L., 307
Edgewood, Md., filling plant, World War I, 14, 23
Edgewood Arsenal, Md., 35, 79, 92, 93, 94, 95, 256, 269, 277, 307, 309, 353, 375
biological warfare research, 102-03, 108
collective protector manufacture, 87
flame thrower tests, 140, 157, 162
gas manufacture, 52, 53, 63, 64, 69, 70, 71, 73, 270, 271, 272, 416
gas mask factory, 25-26, 229, 237-40, 251, 259, 314, 315, 317, 326, 415
guard and security unit, 388-89
impregnite manufacture, 91, 255, 328
incendiary bomb development, 174, 185, 189, 258
laboratory construction, 36-38, 41
liaison with NDRC, 43
manufacturing plants, 234-40, 247, 250-54, 255, 258, 259, 260, 328
marine piling investigation, 33
mortar tests, 129, 132, 353, 354, 355, 356
munitions filling, 71, 72, 74, 350, 351, 358, 372, 377
procurement, 229, 230, 233, 331, 374
reorganization, 29-31
research, 31-34, 50, 75, 99, 243, 352
smoke munitions development, 213, 217, 220
storage facilities, 263, 381, 382, 384, 385, 386, 398, 399
study of captured enemy equipment, 47, 146
in World War I, 14-18, 25, 51, 52, 253
Edgewood Arsenal Machine Shop, 416
Edgewood Depot. See Eastern Chemical Warfare Depot.
Editorial Department, Information Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Educational Order Program, 263, 265
Educational orders, 239, 242-44, 245, 246, 247, 252, 255, 262, 263, 265, 282, 283, 293, 314, 315, 317, 318, 340
Eisenhower, General Dwight D., 89, 432
Electrolux Co., 327
Empire Stove Co., 377
End-item contracting system, 286, 300
Enemy Equipment Intelligence Service Team, ASF, 47, 113
Engineering Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30, 31, 235
Engineers, Corps of, 88, 190, 257, 279, 427
chemical warfare function transferred to CWS, 12-13
flame thrower requirement, 140
postwar mission, 432
water purification responsibility, 96, 110
Engineers, 544th, 82
Engineers Limited, 257
English, Brig. Gen. Paul X., 259, 362, 363, 364, 425
Eniwetok, 198
Entomology, Bureau of, 32
Equipment, CWS development procedure, 34-36
Erie Basin Metal Products, Inc., 357, 358-59, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 379, 380, 421
Essential Item Program, 250
Esso, 211
Estes, Lt. Col. Robert M., 290, 365, 366
Ethiopia, Italian invasion of, 168, 240
Eureka Vacuum Cleaner Co., 326
European Division, CWS, 13
European Theater of Operations (ETO), 411
biological warfare intelligence, 113
enemy equipment intelligence teams, 47, 113
headwound mask requirement, 84-85
incendiary air raids, 170-71, 183
neoprene gas mask, 323
smoke use, 197
Evans Chemetics, Inc., 333, 335
Executive Order 9001, 282
Experiment Station, Suffield, Canada, 165
Explosive bomb. See Incendiary bomb.
Eyeshields, protective, 88, 89, 340
–F–
Facilities disposition, 25, 26, 62-63, 413, 415-17, 424
Facilities and Engineering Branch, Industrial Division, OC CWS, 279
Facilities and Requirements Branch, Industrial Division, OC CWS, 279, 412
Farquhar, A. B., Co., 337, 338
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 104, 105, 261
Federal Security Agency, 104
Fencil, William M., 360
Fencil, William M., Manufacturing Co., 358, 360
Ferro Drier and Chemical Co., 352
Ferro Enamel Corp., 349, 351, 374, 416n
Field Artillery Board, 134
Field Intelligence Army, Technical (FIAT), 48
Field Requirements Branch, Operations Division, OC CWS, 275
Field Requirements Division, OC CWS, 275, 306, 307, 412
Field Testing Department, Engineering Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Fieldner, Arno G., 4
Filling Plant No. 1, Edgewood, Md., 15
Filling plants, construction planning, 235
Filter paper, gas mask, 81, 244, 245
Finance Office, OC CWS, 299
Finkelstein, Dr. Leo, 32
Firelands Plants, Marion, Ohio, 278n, 348, 349, 350, 416, 416n
Firestone Rubber and Latex Products Co., 244, 316, 320, 322, 324, 326
Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., 148, 245
First Army, U.S., 213
First Chemical Laboratory Company, 38
First Gas Regiment, 12, 26, 123
First-aid kit, gas casualty, 95
Fiscal Division, OC CWS, 274, 290, 421, 423
Fiscal and Planning Division, OC CWS, 274
Fisher, Chester G., 9
FitzGerald, Maj. Philip J., 298, 300
Flame attack, toxicology, 165-66
Flame Thrower Tank Battalion, 713th Provisional, 155
Flame throwers
auxiliary mechanized, 159-62, 165, 369-70
Canadian Ronson, 151, 153, 154
cart-mounted, 149
emplaced, 163-64
E1 portable, 140
E2 portable, 144
E3 portable, 144
E4-5 auxiliary, 369
E5R2-M3 bow, 160
E7 main armament, 152n
E12-7R1 main armament, 370, 371
German, 146, 148, 149, 150, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164
incendiary projector for airplanes, 163
main armament mechanized, 150-59, 162, 165, 370-71
manifold portable, 149-50
medium weight, 149-50
MIA1 portable, 143, 146, 162, 312, 368
M2-2 portable, 145, 146, 155, 312, 368
M5-4 main armament, 152
one-shot, 147-49
portable, 139-47, 149, 150, 162, 165, 293, 367-69, 408
procurement, 160, 240, 284, 293-94, 367-71
production in Hawaii, 153-59, 161-62
research and development, 43, 139-66
servicing, 164-65
standardization with British, 46
two-man, 149
Flanders, German gas attack, 1915, 51
Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, 155
Florida Experiment Station, Gainesville, Fla., 33
Flory, E. L., 78
Fluoroacetates research, 50
FM smoke agent, 135, 215, 218, 406
Food testing kit, 96
Foote Brothers Gear and Machine Co., 354
Ford Motor Co., 375
Formosa, 154
Forrestal, James, 249n
Fort Atkinson, Wis., 377
Fort Hoyle, Md., 247
Fort Knox, Ky., 162
Fort Mills, Philippine Islands, 146
Fostoria Plant, Fostoria, Ohio, 255, 259, 320
Fothergill, Comdr. Leroy D., 105
France, 307. See also French Army.
biological warfare research, 114
chemical warfare liaison with U.S., 7, 17, 18, 200
U.S. laboratory in Paris, 10-12
Frank Hemingway, Inc., 17
Frankford Ordnance Arsenal, 355
FRED Project, 224
Frederick, Md., Camp Detrick near, 107, 111-12
French Army. See also France.
gas masks for U.S. troops, 19, 26, 78
use of toxic agents, 55-56, 59, 70
French High Commission, 15, 17n
Friend Manufacturing Co., 337
Fries, Maj. Gen. Amos A., 10, 11-12, 14
and flame thrower, 139
and incendiary materials, 167
FS smoke agent, 215, 216, 218, 407
Fumigation mask, 34
Furgeson Co., H. K., 277
Fuzes
influence, 43
mortar shell, 358-61
Fyr-Fyter Co., 330
–G–
G-2. See Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, WDGS.
G-3. See Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, WDGS.
G-4. See Assistant Chief of Staff, G-4, WDGS.
G-agents. See Nerve gases.
Gar Wood Associates, Inc., 268
Garsson, Henry M., 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 431
Garsson, Murray, 361, 364, 365, 366
Gas alarms, 228
Gas casualties. See Casualties, gas.
Gas casualty first-aid kit, 95
Gas casualty treatment kits, 93-95
Gas defense equipment
procurement, 18-22, 23, 314-41
research and development, 75-100
Gas Defense Production Division, CWS, 13, 19, 20, 21
Gas Defense Service, Medical Department, 9
Gas detector equipment
M4 vapor detector kit, 75, 76, 334, 335
M5 liquid vesicant detector paint, 75, 341
M6 liquid vesicant detector paper, 75, 341
M7 vesicant detector crayon, 75, 341
M9 chemical agent detector kit, 75, 76, 77, 335
M10 chemical agent analyzer kit, 76
M11 smoke identification kit, 76
M12 agent sampling kit, 76
MIT-E12 agent sample collection kit, 76
procurement, 18-22, 23, 314-41
American C.E., 78
animal, 86-87
biological warfare, 118-19
design standardization with British, 46
development, World War I, 3, 4, 78
educational orders, 242, 243, 244, 283, 293, 314, 315, 317, 318, 322
fully molded facepiece, 79, 243, 316, 317
impermeable headpiece, 119
infant protector, 86
Italian, 48
manufacture, 25-26, 37, 78, 227, 228, 229, 251, 259, 293, 314-28, 415
Mickey Mouse, 86
MI-I-I, 78
M2A2, 325
M4-10A1-6, 325
M5-11-7 combat, 83, 119, 323, 324, 325
M8-11-10 snout-type, 325
procurement, World War I, 18-22
procurement, World War II, 314-28
procurement planning, 233, 234, 236, 237-40, 242
reconditioning program, 325
research, 42, 44, 77-87, 118-19, 243, 321-22
R.F.K. box respirator, 78
service. See Gas mask, service, type of.
storage, 263
and toxic agents, 59, 60, 61, 62, 68, 73, 74, 80, 204
transfer to British, 404
Zapon-type, 85
Gas mask, service, types of.
M1-1-1, 78
M2A2, 325
M4-10A1-6, 325
M5-11-7 combat, 83, 119, 323, 324, 325
M8-11-10 snout-type, 325
Gas mask canister, 32, 73, 74, 119
design standardization with British, 46
enemy, 59
M9A1, 80
M10A1, 81
M11 aluminum, 82, 84, 324, 325
procurement, 19, 21, 228, 242, 244, 317, 319, 320
research, 79-81
Gas Mask Department, Protective Development Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Gas Mask Examination Section (American University), 6
Gas Mask Industry Technical Committee, 322, 323
Gas Offense Production Division, CWS, 13, 17-18
Gas Regiment, First, 12, 26, 123
Gas Service, U.S. Army, 12-13
Gasoline thickener, for incendiaries, 168-70, 179, 180, 183, 184, 192, 193, 350-52
Gellman, Allen B., 363
Gendar, Paeschke and Frey Co., 375
General Accounting Office, U.S., 293
General Aniline and Film Co., 224
General Detroit Corp., 339
General Electric Co., 19, 211, 287, 349
General Headquarters, Air Force, 168
General Staff, War Department. See War Department General Staff.
General Tire and Rubber Co., 243
Geneva Gas Protocol, 1925, 102
German Air Force
AC spray tests, 58
incendiary bomb, 172, 178, 179, 181
German Army, 91. See also Germany.
biological warfare defense, 114
captured equipment of, 37, 47, 55, 59, 66, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 80, 133
chemical shells, 133, 134, 135
collective protectors, 88
eyeshields, 89
flame throwers, 146, 148, 149, 150, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164
gas attacks, World War I, 2, 51, 77
gas detector, 76-77
gas masks, 48, 59, 77, 82, 86, 87
gasplane , 90
incendiary munitions, 171, 172, 192, 194
phosgene bomb stocks, 55
rocket program, 107
smoke munitions, 197, 200, 204-05, 214, 223
Germany, 18, 187, 414. See also German Army.
biological warfare preparation, 101, 106, 112, 114, 115
chemical production, World War II, 74
discovers nerve gases, 50, 50n, 55, 76
incendiary raids on, 170-71
U.S. study of chemical information in overrun
Gilchrist, Maj. Gen, Harry L., 36
Gillet, Maj. Norman D., 259, 263
Goodrich Co., B. F., 19, 319, 324
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., 243, 244, 262, 319, 320, 324
Government-owned, contractor-operated plants
World War II, 61, 254-55, 277, 320, 345, 372
Government-owned, government-operated plants
disposition, 414, 415, 416, 416n, 417
peacetime, 25
and procurement planning, 234-37
Grand Sheet Metal Co., 375
Granite Peak, Utah, testing station, 108, 109
biological warfare preparation, 101, 103, 104, 107, 113, 121
chemical warfare liaison with U.S., 7, 17, 23, 45, 46, 66, 100, 200, 220, 249, 262
chemical warfare research, 18, 41, 50, 66, 67, 68, 69, 75, 80, 169, 192
eyeshields and protective covers, 88, 90
flame throwers, 163-64
gas masks, 19, 26, 46, 78, 80, 82
lend-lease requirements, 172, 173, 177, 185, 404-06
smoke generators, 209-10
Stokes mortar, 123
Greene, L. W., 256
Gregory, T. D., 17n
Grenade, chemical, 32, 123, 228
AC filled, 58
M6, 72
Grenade, incendiary, See Incendiary grenade.
Grenade, smoke. See Smoke munitions, grenade.
Grenade launchers, 221
Guiberson Co., 357
Gulf Chemical Warfare Depot (Huntsville), 381, 382, 384, 386
regional supply, 399, 401, 410
Gulf of Mexico, mustard gas bomb dumping, 431
Gun Division, OCO, 14
Gunpowder Neck Reservation, 14n
–H–
H (mustard gas). See Mustard gas.
Haber, Fritz, 2
Hamilton, Col. Stuart A., 47, 146
Hammond, Brig. Gen. Thomas S., 379-80
Hamor, William A., 9
Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation, 409
Hanlon, 2nd Lt. Joseph T., 12
Hanlon Field, France, 12
Harbin, Manchuria, 115
Hardwicke Etter Co., 357
Harshaw Chemical Co., 352
Harvard University, 169
Harvard University Medical School, 165
Haslar smoke generator, 209, 210
Hawaii Sugar Planters’ Association, 33
Hawaiian Department, antibiological warfare program, 105, 110
Hawaiian Islands
flame thrower production, 153-59, 161-63
stocks of war reserves, 227
HC (hexachloroethane) smoke agent, 180, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208
research, 200-202
toxicity, 204
HD (distilled mustard gas). See Mustard gas.
HE. See High explosive.
Headquarters Detachment I, Chemical Warfare Center, Edgewod Arsenal, 389
Heckethorne Manufacturing Co., 358
Heil Co., 376
Henze, C., 114n
Hero Manufacturing Co., 20
Hexachloroethane smoke agent. See HC smoke agent.
Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), 97, 100
Hickman, Dr. C. N., 132
High explosive (HE)
mortar shell. See Shells, high explosive.
rocket, 196
Hildebrand, Joel H., 11
HMT (hexamethylenetetramine), 97, 100
HN (nitrogen mustard). See Nitrogen mustard.
Hoboken Port of Embarkation, 10
Hofer, J. W., 114n
Honolulu Iron Works, 154
Hooker Electrochemical Co., 371
Horn Island testing station, 108. 109
Houdaille-Hershey Co., 352
House Committee on Military Affairs. See U.S. Congress.
Howitzer shells, hydrogen cyanide, 57
Hulett, Professor George A., 7
Huntsville Arsenal, Ala., 114, 286, 301, 302, 309, 310, 374
construction, 256, 258, 277, 343
demobilization, 415
depot storage, 263. 381, 382, 384, 386
fifth echelon- maintenance shop, 312
incendiary bomb production, 347, 348, 349, 350
munitions filled, 71, 72, 358, 372, 373, 377
toxic agent production, 52, 64, 68, 272, 388
Hurd, Col. Lester W., 279
Hydril Corp., 356
Hydrocyanic acid. See Hydrogen cyanide.
Hydrogen chloride, toxic agent in Civil War, 1-2
Hydrogen cyanide, 55-58
CWS munitions, 57-58
detectors, 76
fumigating gas, 33-34
German munitions, 58
Japanese munitions, 58
procurement, 58
research, 55-58
World War I use, 14, 14n, 55-56
Hydrogen peroxide, German use as propellant, 48
–I–
Illinois, University of
chemical warfare research, 26, 64, 80, 96
NDRC laboratory, 199
Illinois Watch Case Co., 363
IM. See Isobutyl methacrylate.
Imperial Chemical Industries, 336
Imperial Paper and Color Corp., 351
Impregnating plants, procurement, 329-32
Impregnites
CC-2. See CC-2 impregnite.
plant facilities, 235, 244, 254-55, 256, 259, 329-32
research, 91, 120, 329, 331, 332
Incendiaries Branch, Technical Service, OC CWS, 342
aimable clusters, 176-77, 179, 185, 390, 391, 395, 405
AN-M50, 4-pound magnesium, 172, 173, 174, 175, 288, 344, 345-47, 350, 405
AN-M50A2, 4-pound, 173
AN-M50X, 4-pound, 178
AN-M50X-Al, 4-pound, 178
AN-M50X-A3, 4-pound, 178
AN-M52, 2-pound, 190
AN-M54, 4-pound steel-cased, 174, 175, 258n, 342-44, 418, 424
bat project, 187-88
British requirements, 405
butane project, 188-89
city slicker, 187
design standardization with British, 46, 172, 173, 177
development, 38, 168-90, 257, 389
explosive, 4-pound, 177-79, 186
five-hundred pound, 179-81
Japanese, 181
leaf, 186-87
magnesium, 4-pound, 172-74, 184, 186
M47, 100-pound, 168, 170, 171, 350
M47A1, 100-pound, 170
M47A2, 100-pound, 170
M69, 6-pound oil, 45, 171, 184-86, 347-50, 375, 395, 405
M69X, 6-pound, 375
M74, 10-pound oil, 190, 348, 349, 375
Navy, 181
one-hundred pound, 168-72, 184
one-thousand pound, 181
procurement, 170, 174, 175, 240, 257, 270, 284, 294, 342-52, 418
steel-cased, 4-pound, 174-76
storage, 381-82, 389-91, 395-96
testing, 39, 174, 184, 189, 347
two-thousand pound, 181
Weary Willie, 189-90
Incendiary grenade
bursting type, 191
development, 190-92
fillings, 192
frangible type, 191
German, 192
Japanese, 192
Molotov Cocktail 191
procurement, 190
Incendiary materials research, 32, 43
Incendiary oils. 169
Incendiary rocket
research and development, 194-96
3.5-inch, 195
4.5-inch, 195
7.2-inch, 195
Incendiary-drop-bomb plant, construction, 16
Incendiary shells. See Shells, incendiary.
Indianapolis Chemical Warfare Depot, 306, 308, 309, 381, 382, 384, 386, 401
Industrial College of the Armed Forces, 278
Industrial demobilization
contract termination, 417-23
facilities disposition, 415-17
planning, 412-15
surplus property, 424-31
World War I, 24-27
Industrial Division, OC CWS, 279, 287, 292. 298, 299, 308, 352, 365, 371, 392
Chemical Section transferred to N.Y., 270
demobilization plannings, 412, 413, 417, 425, 426
Industrial Engineering Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 256
Industrial Liaison Branch, OC CWS, 288
Industrial mobilization
educational orders, 242-44, 245, 246, 247, 252, 255, 262, 263, 265, 282, 283
prewar, 241-65
Industrial Mobilization Plan, 230, 231n, 241, 283
Industrial Mobilization Program, 423
Industrial Relations Division, OC CWS, 230
Industrial Service, OC CWS, 259, 261, 279, 298, 363
Industrial War Plans Division, OC CWS, 230
Infantry, 190
and British protective equipment, 88
dust respirators, 89
gas mask requirements, 84
Infantry divisions
7th, 159
10th Mountain, 86
27th, 153
38th, 153
81st, 137
Infantry regiments
7th, 218
15th, 218
19th, 143
35th, 142
Information Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30, 31
Information Division, OC CWS, 47
Initial Protective Force, 230, 251
Insecticides, 50
clothing impregnating, 332
spray apparatus, 339
Inspection, 261, 262, 286-89, 295, 327-28, 360, 379
Inspection, Safety, and Proof Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 261
Inspection Branch, Industrial Division, OC CWS, 287, 392
Inspection Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 233, 262
Inspection Division, OC CWS, 287, 288, 289, 299, 306, 327, 337, 360
Inspection Manual M608, ASF, 289
Inspection Manual M608, CWS, 289
Institute of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, 103
Intelligence, biological warfare, 101, 105, 106, 108, 112-15
Intelligence, chemical warfare
collection and use, 46-48, 50, 55, 58, 59, 61, 66, 69, 70, 72, 74, 76-77, 80, 146, 158
of incendiary raids on Europe, 187
Interchangeability with British, chemical items, 45-46
Interior, Secretary of, 2
Internal Revenue, Bureau of, 365
International Aid Branch, OC CWS, 403
International Silver Co., 345
Inter-Service Committee on Chemical Warfare (ISCCW). 107
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), 394
Iron carbonyl supply, 224-25
Isobutyl methacrylate (IM), gasoline thickener for incendiaries, 169, 180, 181, 192
Italian Army, captured equipment of, 37, 48, 55
flame thrower use in, 145, 149, 150, 158
4.2-inch mortar use in, 128
smoke use in operations in, 202, 207, 212, 213, 218
mortar gunboats in assault, 137
–J–
James Manufacturing Co., 377
Japan, 240, 415. See also Japanese Army. biological warfare preparation, 101, 106, 112, 114-15
chemical production, World War II, 74
incendiary air raids on, 115, 171, 174-75, 183, 185-86
U.S. invasion preparations, 155, 156, 349, 411, 414
captured equipment of, 37, 48, 55, 58, 59, 61, 66, 67, 69, 72, 74, 77, 80, 86, 158
collective protectors, 88
decontamination kits, 93
flame throwers, 47, 146, 147, 158, 160, 164
gas detector equipment, 77
incendiaries, 171, 172, 181-82, 192, 194
protective capes, 90
smoke munitions, 200, 205, 223
and U.S. 4.2-inch mortar, 129, 130
Japanese Defense Intelligence Institute, Harbin, Manchuria, 115
P-2 flying bomb, 224
Jefferson Proving Ground, 184, 347
John Bean Manufacturing Co., 337, 338
Johns Hopkins University, 4, 19, 80, 105
Johns Hopkins University Medical School, 165
Johnson, Louis, 247
Johnson and Johnson Co., 244, 245
Joint Aircraft Committee, 172, 177
Joint Board, 236
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 107, 274
Joint Intelligence Collecting Agency, 113
Joint Termination Regulations, 420, 421, 422
Judge Advocate General, Office of, 42
flame thrower for, 148, 149-50
testing of chemical munitions, 41, 46
Justice, Department of, 364, 367
–K–
Kabrich, Brig. Gen. William C., 132, 142-43
Kaiser, Henry J., 345
Kanawha Plant, South Charleston, W.Va., 278n, 372
Kansas City Plant, Kansas City, Mo., 256, 416
Kansas Ordnance Plant, Parsons, Kans., 302, 358
Kellogg, M. W., Co., 370
Kemp Manufacturing Co., 369
Kershaw Contracting Co., C. G., 257
Kershaw, Heyer, Swinerton, and Walberg, 277
Kershaw, Swineston, and Walberg, 277
Keyes, Frederick G., 11
Kincaid Manufacturing Co., 140, 294
King, Lt. Col. Ludlow, 392
Kirby, J. E., 336
Kobe, Japan, incendiary air raids on, 175
Kops, Waldemar, 78
Kuhn, Col. Harry A., 271
Kwajalein, 159
–L–
La Mer, Victor, 211
Laboratories, field. See Field laboratories.
Laboratories, government
facilities, 36-41
research, World War I, 2-8, 9-12, 22-24, 51
research, World War II, 63, 64, 67, 69, 70, 73, 75, 79, 87, 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 99, 108, 109, 111-12, 116
Laboratories, industrial
research, World War I, 4, 9, 10, 19
research contracts, World War II, 41-45, 53, 60, 63, 81, 92, 95, 97, 99
Laboratories, university, 131, 351, 352
biological warfare research, 105, 106, 110, 116
CWS use of, 36-38
research, World War I, 4, 5, 8-9, 19, 26
research contracts, World War II, 41-45, 49-50, 53, 57, 60, 61, 63, 64, 75, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86, 87, 96, 97, 105, 106, 143, 322, 324
Laboratory Companies
1st, 38
Lake Erie Chemical Co., 71
Lake Ontario Ordnance Plant, 416, 416n
Lakehurst Proving Ground, 23, 26, 29, 38
Lambert Pharmacal Co., 95, 334
Landing craft, mortar, 137-38
Langmuir, Irving, 211
Latimer, Wendell M., 60
LCI (landing craft, infantry), 135-38
LCI(M) (landing craft, infantry, mortar), 138
LCM, 156
LCT (landing craft, tank), 136, 195
LCVP, 156
Leaf, incendiary, 186-87
League of Nations Conference, 1924, 102
Lebkicher, Col. Harry, 114
Lederle Laboratories, Inc., 95
Legal Branch, OC CWS, 290, 365, 423
LeMay, Maj. Gen. Curtis, 186
Lempco Products Co., 356, 416n
Russian, 406-07
Lend-Lease Act, 262, 267, 271, 403, 404
Lend-Lease Administrator, 405
LeSueur, Maj. H. R., 23
Levinstein process mustard gas, 62, 64, 387
Lewis, Gilbert N., 11
Lewis, Warren K., 4
Lewis, Dr. Winford Lee, 26, 67
Lewisite
Canadian purchase, 407
gas mask protection, 60, 68, 80
manufacture, World War I, 17
manufacture, World War II, 67-68, 424, 430
mortar shells filled, 133
plant disposal, 424
Lincoln, President Abraham, I
Lindberg Engineering Co., 354
List of Supplies To Be Procured by CWS, 227, 230
Livens projectors, 18, 54, 59. 123, 227, 228
Locust extermination project, 32
London Inter-Service Sub-Committee on Biological Warfare (ISSCBW), 107
Los Angeles Port of Embarkation, 409, 411
Loucks, Brig. Gen. Charles E., 243, 365
Louis S. Dow Co., 358
Louisiana Ordnance Plant, Minden, La., 358
Lovett, Robert A., 432
Lucite, 66
Lutes, Maj. Gen. LeRoy, 402, 403
Luzon operation, 197
aerial smoke screen, 218
fire bombs, 183
flame throwers, 160
Japanese equipment captured, 158
Japanese use of smoke, 205
LVT-4, 157
–M–
MacArthur, General Douglas, 232, 370, 371
McBride, Capt. Louis M., 32, 124
McCoy, Maj. Gen. Frank S., 303
McCoy board, 303
McGean Chemical Corp., 351
Machine tools shortage, 242, 260, 295
McLaughlin, J. W., 248n
McNarney, Lt. Gen. Joseph T., 303, 432
McNarney directive, 303
McNutt, Paul V., 104
Magnesium
bomb program, 38, 172-74, 345-47, See also Incendiary bomb.
procurement, 345
shortage, 174, 270, 343, 344, 345
Maintenance, 309-13
combined shops, 311
reclamation program, 310
Maintenance companies, chemical, 142, 310
Maintenance Division, ASF, 310
Maintenance repair sets, 269
Manila, Philippine Islands, 153
Manning, Van H., 2, 3, 4, 6, 13
Manufacturing Chemists Association, 247
Manufacturing and Supply Division, OC CWS, 229, 244
Mariana Islands
fire bomb use in, 183
flame thrower use, 145, 154, 156, 160
smoke, 198
Marienburg, East Prussia, incendiary attack on, 170-71
Marine Biological Laboratory, 9
Marine Corps, U.S., 188
CWS procurement for, 236
flame thrower use in Pacific, 142, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 369
gas mask requirements, 229
incendiary air raids, 183
Marine Division, 1st, 137
Marine Division, 3rd, 159
Marine Piling Investigation project (1923), 33
Marion, Ohio, Firelands Plant, 278n, 348, 349, 350
Marquand, John P., 105, 106, 107
Marshall, General George C., 250, 251, 432. See also Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.
Marshall Islands, 218
Marshall Plant, New Martinsville, W. Va., 278n, 372, 416
Mask, ammonia, 34
Mask, fumigating, 34
Mask, gas. See Gas mask.
Mason, L. E., Co., 345
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4, 11
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CWS laboratory, 36-37, 52-53, 63, 75, 76, 77, 81, 82, 86, 87, 143, 165, 322, 324, 335, 353
Materials handling equipment, 383-85
Materiel Demobilization Plan, Period I, CWS, 414, 415, 416
Materiel Planning Branch, OC CWS, 275, 304, 305, 308
Maury Plant, Columbia, Tenn., 278n
May, Rep. Andrew J., 361, 363, 364, 366
Mayo Clinic, 97
Mechanical Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 29, 30
Mechanical and Electrical Research and Development Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 29, 30
Mechanical Research Section (American University), 6
Mechanical Section, Paris Laboratory, AEF, 11
Medical Advisory Board, 8
Medical Consultants Division, SGO, 110
Medical Corps, U.S. Army, 88, 110, 341
Medical Department, Medical Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30
Medical Department, U.S. Army, 29, 97
biological warfare research, 104, 110
chemical warfare research transferred to CWS, 13
gas casualty treatment kits, 94, 95
gas mask procurement, 19
medical research, World War I. 8-9, 12
procurement responsibility, World War I, 2, 14, 18-22
Medical Department, U.S. Navy, 28
Medical Department Board, 94
Medical Division, CWS, 13
Medical Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30
Medical Division, OC CWS
gas casualty treatment kits, 93, 95
represented on Technical Committee (CWS-NDRC), 43
Medical Intelligence Division, OSS, 105
Medical research, chemical warfare, 8-9, 29
laboratory constructed, 36
in World War II, 44, 92, 97-100, 116-18
Medical Research Division. CWS, 44, 105, 108
Medical Research Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 29, 30, 102
Medical Research Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, 99
Medical treatment
biological warfare protection, 116-18
gas casualties, 4, 29, 44, 97-100
Mediterranean Theater of Operations, 197, 411
enemy equipment intelligence teams, 47
Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, 4, 9, 356
arsenal planned for, 234
depot storage, 263
Memphis General Depot, 382, 398, 410
Merck, George W., 104, 105, 107, 120, 248n
Merck Co., 95
MERCURY, 375
Mercury cells, German use in chlorine plants, 48
Mersol, 95
Meteorological research, 32, 44, 45
Methacrylate sheet scrap. 66
Mexico, 21
Michigan, University of, 8-9
Midland, Mich., 345
impregnite plant, 255, 328, 329, 416, 416n
Midwest Chemical Warfare Depot (Pine Bluff), 382, 384
incendiary bomb storage, 390, 391
regional supply, 399, 401, 410
Military attaches, 45, 46, 47, 106, 113, 249
Military Committee, NRC, 3
Military Appropriation Act of 1941, 251, 252, 263
Military Intelligence Service, 107
Milwaukee Stamping Co., 244, 358, 417
Minden, La., ordnance plant, 358
Mines. See Land mines.
Minton, Brig. Gen. H. C., 278
Miscellaneous Section, Paris Laboratory, AEF, 11
Mobile, Ala., munitions ship unloading incident, 431
Mobilization, peacetime planning for, 226-40. See
also Industrial mobilization.
Mobilization Plans, War Dept., 231, 232, 235, 239
Molotov Cocktail, 191
Monsanto Chemical Co., 53, 92, 255, 328, 374
Montgomery, Col. Edward, 275
Mortar, chemical, 4.2-inch, 32, 38, 137, 224, 273
E37, 129
firing tables, 39
lend-lease, 408
M1, 125
M30, 129
procurement, 123, 228, 284, 294, 352-55, 415
research and development, 44, 45, 123-30
Mortar, chemical, recoilless, 131
Mortar, chemical, stokes
in World War I, 123
Mortar, chemical, unusual design, 130-33
Mortar battalions, chemical, 123, 137, 352
Mortar gunboats, 136-38
Mortar shells, 4.2-inch. See Shells, 4.2-inch, mortar.
Mount Shasta, 40
Mountain Division, 10th, 86
Munchmeyer, Col. Louis W., 426
Munitions Assignments Board, 274
Munitions Department, Munitions Development Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Munitions Development Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30, 31
Munitions Development Laboratory, NDRC, University of Illinois, 199
Munitions Program, 30 June 1940, 244-50, 251, 252, 254, 255, 262, 265, 282
Munson, Charles S., 248n
Mustard gas, 61-67. See also Nitrogen mustard; Sulphur mustard.
Canadian purchase, 407
casualties, World War I, 62
German munitions, 66
Japanese munitions, 66-67
Levinstein process, 62, 64, 387
manufacture, World War I, 14, 14n, 16, 17, 62, 63
manufacture, World War II, 37, 62, 63, 64, 74
mortar shells filled, 133
procurement planning, 236
research, 9, 37. 39, 61-67, 336
test of air-spraying, 39, 62, 65-66
thickener, 66
vacuum distillation process, 64
Myers, F. E., and Brothers Co., 337
–N–
Nadzab, New Guinea, 218
Nagoya, Japan, incendiary air raids on, 175
discovery, 169
in flame throwers, 142, 143, 152, 154, 155, 156, 158, 165
incendiary filling, 171, 181, 183, 192, 350-52
Naphthenic acid storage, 351
National Academy of Sciences, 103, 105
National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics, 215
National Aniline & Chemical Co., 17
National Bureau of Standards, 72
National Defense Act of 1920, 24, 27, 226, 239, 246, 434
National Defense Appropriation Act of 1941, 251, 253, 254
National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), 38. See also NDRC laboratories, University of Chicago, Harvard University, University of Illinois, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ohio State University, University of Southern California, Stanford University, University of Virginia.
biological warfare research, 108
protective items research, 42, 43, 44, 45, 75, 80, 91, 92, 96, 97, 99, 334, 336
testing of chemical munitions, 40, 41, 48, 59, 60
toxic agents research, 42, 43, 44, 45, 49, 50, 53, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 69
weapons research, 42, 43, 45, 132, 143, 144, 145, 148, 151, 152, 162, 163, 165, 169, 184, 186, 187, 188, 194, 199, 209, 211, 212, 352
National Fireworks, Inc., 358, 360
National Lamp Works, 19
National Munitions Co., 358
National Oil Products Co., 340
National Research Council (NRC)
biological warfare research, 103, 105
chemical warfare research, World War I, 2-4
marine piling investigation, 33
medical research, 44
National Roadjoint Manufacturing Co., 377
Naval Research Laboratory, 336
Navy Department, U.S., 28, 36, 42, 88, 136, 153, 154, 212, 247, 262, 283, 376, 377, 424, 428
bat incendiary project, 188
biological warfare research, 103, 104, 109, 110, 120
chemical warfare research, World War I, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8
CWS procurement for, 228, 229, 232, 236, 266, 267
flame thrower use, 156-57, 165, 369
gas mask requirements, 83, 229, 322, 326
incendiaries, 172, 177, 181, 183, 192, 193
laboratory, Bethesda, Md., 92
lend-lease activities, 403
protective ointment research, 92, 334
rocket research, 54, 194, 195, 196
smoke munitions, 205, 206, 215, 216, 217, 220, 222
NDAC. See Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.
Nelson, Donald, 259
Nerve gases, 50, 50n, 55, 74, 76, 89
New Cumberland ASF Depot, 382, 397, 399, 410
New Developments Division, WDSS, 107, 108, 370
New England Collapsible Tube Co., 95
New London, Tex., explosion, 189
New Orleans, La., depot storage, 263
New Orleans Port of Embarkation, 312, 375, 409, 410, 411
New York Chemical Warfare Procurement District, 230, 241, 248, 331, 334, 339, 363, 372, 418
fixing fair price for chemicals, 294
incendiary bomb program, 270, 346
Lend-lease, 404
Navy optical mask, 326
small business contract awards, 284, 285
New York Herald Tribune, 168
New York Port of Embarkation, 399, 409, 411
New York University, 165
New Zealand, 113
Ney, 1st Lt. Luman F., 102n, 103
Ney Cave, Tex., 188
conference on bleaching powder, 392
impregnite plant, 244, 255, 272, 328, 416n
Nieman, C. S., 39
Ninth Army, U.S., 207
Nitrogen mustard, 69-70
German interest, 47, 69, 70, 74
Noemfoor, 218
Normandy, Allied invasion, 83, 213, 332, 411
North African Theater of Operations (NATO), 106, 113, 197, 394. 395
eyeshield requirement, 89
French rearmament, 408
Northeast Chemical Warfare Depot, Niagara Falls, 382n, 384, 390, 397, 399, 410
Northwestern University, 26, 80, 97
Norwalk Lock Co., 362
Nuodex Products Co., 351
–O–
Oakes Products Division, Houdaille-Hershey Co., 352, 353
Ochsner, Generalleutnant Herman, 87, 130, 135, 136, 199
Office of the Air Chemical Officer, 276
Office of Assistant Chief for Materiel, CWS, 43
Office of Assistant Secretary of War (OASW), industrial mobilization planning, 228, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239, 255
Office of Chief, CWS (OC CWS), 35, 270, 280, 344, 375, 410
demobilization planning, 412-15, 426
and depot system, 381, 397, 398
estimation of requirements, 273, 276
and 4.2-inch mortar production, 353, 354, 355, 356, 364
guard and security unit, 388
intelligence function, 47
liaison with NDRC, 43
organization, 28, 30, 108, 287
plant protection unit, 261
and spare parts, 306-08
and statistical control, 298
Office of Civilian Defense (OCD), 85, 87, 318
Office of Civilian Supply, 322
Office of Contract Settlement, 419
Office for Emergency Management (OEM), 43
Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI), 104, 105, 113
Office of Production Management (OPM), 259, 261, 271, 274, 280, 404
Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), 43, 103, 105, 107
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 104, 105, 107
Office of Under Secretary of War (OUSW), 279, 343, 366, 419. See also Under Secretary of War.
Office of War Mobilization (OWM), 303, 426
Officer Candidate School, CWS, 281
Ohio State University, 75
Oil smoke generators, 208-14
Oils, incendiary, 169
Ointment, protective. See Protective ointment.
Okinawa Campaign, 133
mortar gunboats in assault, 138
Oldbury Electro-Chemical Co., 17
Operations Division, OC CWS, 275
Operations Division (OPD), WDGS, 370, 371
Ordnance Department, 38, 88, 136, 248, 254, 269, 283, 302, 309, 338, 355, 362, 399, 404, 421, 427
biological warfare research, 103
chemical proving ground, World War I, 22-24
chemical warfare function transferred to CWS, 12-13
4.2-inch mortars, 129, 131, 132, 355, 356, 361
HE rocket, 72
incendiary bomb development, 167, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 179, 180, 190, 347, 350, 389
incendiary grenade, 190
incendiary rocket development, 194, 195
postwar mission, 432, 433, 434
procurement of chemical warfare items, World War I, 14-18
smoke munitions, 219
Ordnance Desert Proving Ground, Calif., 87
Organic Department, Research Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30
Organic Section, Paris Laboratory, AEF, 11
Organized Reserves, 227, 228, 230
Oronite Chemical Co., 351
Overman Act, 13
Overseas supply division, port of embarkation, 409
Owl Plant, Azusa, Calif, 61, 278n, 416
Oxford University, 99
–P–
Pacific theater
biological warfare intelligence, 106, 113
flame thrower production, 153-59, 161-62
flame thrower use, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 162, 165, 370, 371
4.2-inch mortars, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133
packaging for, 395
Packing and packaging, 393-97
Panama Canal Zone, 40, 41, 227
antibiological warfare program, 105, 110
San Jose research project, 411
smoke generators, 209, 375, 376
PAPP, 99
Papua Campaign, 139
Paris Laboratory, AEF, 9-12
Parsons, Kans., Ordnance plant, 302, 358
Patch, Lt. Gen. Alexander M., 432
Pathology research, 8
Patterson, Robert P., 224, 249n, 282, 292, 366, 432, 433, 434. See also Under Secretary of War.
Paul, J. W., 4
Peerless Tube Co., 333-34
Penicillin treatment, 97, 116, 117
Pennsylvania, University of, 97, 107
Pennsylvania Forge Co., 356
Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co., 71, 336
Pepper, O. H. Perry, 107
Perchlorethylene shortage, 372
Permanente Metals Corp., 345, 346
Pershing, General of the Armies John J., 9, 19
Peters, R. A., 99
Pharmacology research, 8
Philippine Islands, 197
charcoal plant constructed, 21
fire bombs in attack on, 183
flame thrower in operations in, 143, 153
Japanese flame thrower captured, 47, 146, 147, 158
locust extermination study with CWS, 32
smoke in operations in, 205, 218
British requirements, 404, 405
Canadian purchase, 407
detectors, 76
filling plant, 235
German gas attack, World War I, 51
German munitions, 55
Italian munitions, 55
Japanese munitions, 55
manufacture, World War I, 14, 16, 17, 51-52
manufacture, World War II, 51-54
Photography Department, Engineering Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Physical Department, Research Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30
Physical Testing Department, Engineering Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Physicochemical Section, Paris Laboratory, AEF, 11
Physiological Research Section (American University), 6
Physiology research, 8
Picatinny Arsenal, N.J., 5, 358
Pine Bluff Arsenal, Ark., 286, 301, 309, 350
construction, 258, 277, 343, 405
4.2-inch mortar shell production, 358
munitions filling, 372
mustard gas production, 64, 416
nitrogen mustard production, 69
Pittsburgh Chemical Warfare Procurement District, 230, 372
4.2-inch mortar shells, 355, 356, 358
Pittsburgh Coke and Chemical Co., 255, 320
Planning Branch, Procurement Division, OASW, 226, 232, 235, 236
Planning Division, OC CWS, 274
Plans and Operations Division, ASF, 371
Plant construction
prewar planning, 234-37, 241, 244, 252, 253, 404
World War I, 14-18
World War II, 52, 53, 61, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 250-55, 259, 276-79, 328, 343, 344
Plant disposal
World War II, 413, 415-17, 424
Plant protection, 261
Plant Protection and Safety Branch, OC CWS, 373
Plant safety, 373
Plants Department, Munitions Development Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Plasticized white phosphorus. See White phosphorus, plasticized.
Playfair, Lyon, 1
Plexiglas, 66
Poland
biological warfare preparation, 114
Polyvinyl chloride, 406
Port chemical officers, 409, 410
Port chemical warfare sections, 409, 410
Porter, Maj. Gen. William N., 409
biological warfare committee member, 107
chemical mortar program, 352, 359, 363
and CWS postwar role and mission, 432, 433, 434, 435
demobilization planning, 412, 415, 416, 417, 419, 421, 425, 427, 431
and HE mission, 126
heads USCWC, 45
incendiary bomb program, 342, 343, 344
organizational changes, 44, 259, 270, 274, 275, 283, 287, 298, 300, 304
and plant construction, 256, 257, 258, 278, 279
procurement planning, 270, 280, 283
recommends Huntsville Arsenal construction, 256
Portland Subport of Embarkation, 410
Porton Experiment Station, England
biological warfare research, 103, 104, 111n
chemical proving ground, 12, 23
Ports of embarkation, supply, 375, 399, 401, 402, 408-11
Portugal, 113
Potter, Col. Charles C., 12
Prentiss, Col. Augustin M., 258
Pressurelube Inc., 369, 370, 421
Preventive Medicine Service, SGO, 110
Price Adjustment Section, Legal Branch, OC CWS, 290
Pricing program, 289-96
Priorities and Allocation Branch, Industrial Division, OC CWS, 280, 425
Priorities and Labor Relations Section, Industrial Service, OC CWS, 261
Priority ratings, 242, 259, 261, 279, 280, 281, 370, 371, 378
Prisoner of war labor, 428
Proctor and Schwartz, Inc., 330
Procurement
bills of material, 281
chemicals, 54, 61, 71, 198, 215, 220, 269-72, 283, 294-95, 404-08
CWS for AAF, 275-76
CWS for Navy and Marine Corps, 228, 229, 232, 236, 266, 267
defensive materiel, 18-22, 266, 314-41
dollar value, 266
educational orders. See Educational orders.
emergency period, 258-62, 403-08
end-item contracting system, 286, 300
lend-lease, 403-08
materials shortages, 279-82
offensive materiel, 65, 123, 135, 160, 170, 174, 175, 190, 228, 240, 257, 266, 270, 284, 294, 342-80, 418
prewar planning, 226-40, 241-65
pricing program, 289-96
service equipment, 267-69
spare parts, 306-09
survey, Cincinnati, Ohio, 284
Procurement district offices, 114, 230, 233, 234, 238, 241, 270, 281, 318
contract operations, 258, 259, 272, 282, 284, 285, 291, 319, 320, 326, 334, 339, 343, 344, 346, 348, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 363, 364, 372, 375, 376
contract termination, 413, 417, 418, 420, 421, 423
plant protection, 261
Procurement Division, OC CWS, 259
Procurement Division, Treasury Dept., 424, 426
Procurement Plan, 1944, 300, 307, 308
Procurement Planning Division, OC CWS, 230, 231, 232, 238, 280
Procurement Regulation 15, 419
Procurement Regulations, War Dept., 290, 419, 424
Production, 268. See also individual items.
E awards, 379-80
morale problem, 378-80
statistical control, 297-306
Production Division, ASF, 278, 289, 352
Production Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 233
Project Coordination Staff, 46
Projector, aeroflame, 163
Pro-knock materials research, 42
Proof Department, Edgewood Arsenal, 29
Proofing, 38, 184, 310, 351, 354, 355. See also Testing.
Propellant, hydrogen peroxide as, 48
Property Disposal Branch, OC CWS, 423, 426, 431
Property Disposal Manual, CWS, 427
Property disposal officers, 425
impregnating equipment, 329-32
research, 44, 90-91, 118, 119, 120
Protective Clothing Department, Protective Development Division. Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Protective Development Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30, 31
Protective equipment, 32
design responsibility, 1915, 2
manufacture after World War I, 25-26
procurement, World War I, 18-22
procurement, World War II, 314-41
research and development, 75-96, 118-20
standardization with British, 46
Protective Mobilization Plan (PMP), 230, 232, 235
Protective ointment, 22, 23, 32
M5 (S-330 chlorine), 45, 93, 95, 97, 120, 334
procurement, 332-34
Proving Division, CWS, 13
Proving grounds, chemical. See also proving grounds by name.
Provisional Flame Thrower Tank Battalion, 713th, 155
Provost Marshal General, 72, 110
Provost Marshal General’s Office, 104
Prussic acid, See Hydrogen cyanide.
PT filling, for incendiaries, 179, 180, 181, 194, 195
Public Health Service, U.S. See U.S. Public Health Service.
Public Service Company of Colorado, 277
Pullman Standard Car Co., 354, 370
Purchase Policies Branch, OC CWS, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 365, 366
Purchases Division, ASF, 290, 419
Puteaux, France, AEF laboratory site, 10
PWP (plasticized white phosphorus). See White phosphorus, plasticized.
Pyrotechnic filling, for incendiaries, 179-80, 181, 194, 195
Pyrotechnic Research Section (American University), 6
Pyroxylin, in incendiaries, 186
–Q–
Quality Control System, 288
Quartermaster Corps, 33, 88, 90, 338, 428
protective clothing, 91
Quartermaster General, The, 252, 253, 416
–R–
Ragsdale, Capt. E. J. W. 14-15
Rat extermination research projects, 32, 33, 44, 225
Raw materials shortage, 260, 261, 279-82, 295, 318, 321-24, 343, 344, 345, 351, 377
Raymond Laboratories, Inc., 335
Readjustment Division, ASF, 419
Readjustment Division, OC CWS, 423
Readjustment divisions, procurement districts, 413, 419, 423
Reclamation program, CWS, 310-11
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), 426, 427, 430
Redeployment, Readjustment and Demobilization, Period I, 414
Redistribution and Salvage Branch, ASF, 425
Regiments, infantry. See Infantry regiments.
Reid, E. Emmet, 4
Renegotiation, contract, 289-96, 365-67
Renegotiation Division, ASF, 365, 366
Renegotiation legislation, 290, 293
Repair sets, maintenance, 269
Repellents research, 44
Replacement Training Center, CWS, 388
Report on War and Post-War Adjustment Policies, 419, 426
Requirements computation, CWS, 231-32, 244-50, 262, 272-76, 297-306
Requirements Division, AAF, 276
Requirements Division, ASF, 304
Requirements Planning Committee, OC CWS, 275, 305, 306
Requirements Section, AGF, 107
Requirements and Stock Control Division, ASF, 303
Research and development, biological warfare, 101-22
Research and development, chemical warfare, [.49-.74], 284
chemical mortars and shells, 123-38
CWS postwar mission, 433, 434, 435
development procedure, 34-36
flame throwers, 139-66
impregnites, 91, 120, 329, 331, 332
incendiaries, 167-96
program, 1920-40, 31-34
program, World War II, 36-48, 49-74
protection against toxic agents, 75-100, 336
smoke, 197-225
Research Division, CWS, 13, 25, 59
Research Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30
Reserve officers, CWS, 238, 247, 285
Rheem Manufacturing Co., 416n
Rhine River, smoke pots use at, 207
Rice, George S., 2
Richards, Brig. Gen. George J., 303
Richards board, 303
Richmond, Maj. E. A., 102n
Rifle, M1, 221
Rifle grenades, colored smoke, 221
Riggs-Distler Co., 253
Riley, Pvt. Ralph G., 143, 144
Robinson, Pfc. Frank B’., 143
Robinson Industries. Inc., 340
Rocket, antitank HE, M6, 72, 196
Rocket, chemical
antitank tear gas, 72
firing tables, 39
research, 194
7.5-inch, 54
Rocket, German program, 107
Rocket, incendiary. See Incendiary rocket.
Rocket, smoke. See Smoke rockets.
Rocket Research Division, Ordnance Dept., 195
Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colo., 286, 309
construction, 277
fifth echelon maintenance shop, 311
incendiary bomb production, 349, 350
lewisite production, 68
mustard gas production, 64, 416
regional supply, 401
Rodenticides, research projects, 32, 33, 44, 225
Roer River, smoke pots use at, 207
Rohm and Haas, 95
Roi-Namur, 218
Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 104, 188, 241, 243, 246, 250, 251, 282
and contract renegotiation, 292, 419
and Victory Program, 262
Rose, Maj. J. L., 356
Rothschild, Capt. Jacquard H., 37
Rubber
as gasoline thickener, 169, 179
shortage of, 281, 318, 321-24, 406
Rubber Director, WPB, 322, 323
Ryukyu Islands, 142, 155. See also Okinawa Campaign.
–S–
Sabath, Rep, A. J., 363
Safety Division, Camp Detrick, 112
Saginaw, Mich., 269
Saginaw Products Corp., 269
St. Louis Plant, East St. Louis, Ill., 255, 328, 416
Salvage programs, 31, 310, 427-28
San Antonio ASF Depot, 382, 383
San Antonio General Depot, 263, 383, 398
San Bernardino Plant, San Bernardino, Calif., 278n, 416, 416n
San Francisco Chemical Warfare Procurement District, 230, 319, 357
San Francisco General Depot, 409
San Francisco Port of Embarkation, 409, 410
San Jose Island, 41
San Jose Project, 411
Sanderson and Porter Co., 258
Sanson, Lt. Col. Stanton D., 300, 365
Sarin, 50n
Satan, flame throwing tank, 154
Sault Ste. Marie Canal, smoke generators, 209, 376
Schaefer, Vincent J., 211
Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, 227
Schrader, Dr. Gerhard, 50n
Schweinfurt, Germany, incendiary attack on, 171
Sears Roebuck and Co.. 338, 357
Seattle Plant, Seattle, Wash., 278n, 416
Seattle Port of Embarkation, 409, 411
Secretary of the Interior, 2
Secretary of War, 13, 31, 232, 239
and biological warfare research, 103, 104, 106, 107, 120
and gas mask transfer to British, 404
and incendiary bomb program, 342
and plant construction, 253
and procurement planning, 242, 243, 282
and smoke munitions, 219
Section H, Division 3, NDRC, 132
Sedgley, R. F., Inc., 294, 368
Segal Lock and Hardware Co., 362
Service command supply, 399, 410, 427
Service equipment, procurement, 267-69
Services of Supply (SOS), 126, 383, 384, 388. See also Army Service Forces (ASF).
Settlement Advisory Board, 366
Sevastopol, 1
Shell Development Co., 352
Shell filling
Edgewood Arsenal, World War I, 14-18
World War II, 54, 58, 65, 71, 72, 73, 74, 133
Shell Manufacturers Coordinating Committee, 357
Shells, chemical, 32, 65, 123, 374, 377
chlorine, Civil War, 1
chloroacetophenone, 70, 71, 133
filled in World War II, 54, 57, 58, 65, 71, 133
first fired in U.S., 23
lewisite, 133
research, 44
Shells, 4.2-inch mortar, 133-36, 273, 417
colored smoke, 136
criminal involvement of contractors, 361-67
employed in battle, 136
filled in World War II, 54, 133, 135
fuze, 358-61
lewisite, 133
M2, 356
M4, 134
range increase, 126-28
smoke, 134, 135, 136, 193, 194, 374
Shells, high explosive, 126-27, 132, 134, 135, 136, 240, 301, 358
Shells, incendiary
4.2-inch mortar, 135-36, 193-94
German, 194
Japanese, 194
Shells, smoke munitions, 73, 134, 135, 136, 193, 200, 228, 372, 374
Shepherd, Forrest, I
Sherrick, Col. Paul, 412
Shertz, Capt. Frank M., 102n
Shipment of toxics, 18, 386-89
Shipping Documents, War Dept., 299
Shoe impregnite, 244, 245, 339-40
Shops and Loading Department, Engineering Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Sibert, Maj. Gen. William L., 12, 13, 28
Sicily
British protective equipment, 88
chemical spray tests, 66
chemical warfare functions transferred to CWS, 12-13
gas mask requirements, 83, 84, 86
Simmons Co., 319
Simpson, Lt. Gen. William M., 432
Simpson board, 432
Simset Manufacturing Co., 358
Site Location Board, OASW, 255
Situation Room, OC CWS, 300, 305
Sixth Army, U.S., 153
Slezak, Col. John, 379
Small Business Act, 284
Small Business Committee, U.S. Senate, 284
Small War Plants Branch, Purchasing Division, ASF, 284
Smaller War Plants Corp. (SWPC), 284
Smith, A. O., Corp., 353
Smith, Lt. Gen. Holland M., 154
Smith, Lt. Gen. Walter Bedell, 432
FM (titanium tetrachloride) agent, 135, 215, 218, 406
FS agent, 135, 215, 216, 218, 407
HC agent, 180, 200-202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 270, 371-73, 406
plasticized white phosphorus, 40, 199-200
research and development, 197-225
white phosphorus, 40, 135, 136, 167, 197-200, 373-75
Smoke, colored, 32
bomb, M87 streamer, 223
German munitions, 223
Japanese munitions, 223
standardization with British munitions, 46, 220
Smoke generator companies, 209
Canadian purchase, 408
development, 208-14
German, 214
mechanical, MI, 45, 211-12, 213, 376
mechanical, M2, 118, 212-13, 376
stationary, 375
Smoke munitions
generator. See Smoke generators.
German, 48, 74, 200, 204, 207-08, 214, 218
grenade, 190, 199, 215, 372, 374, 406, 408
Japanese, 48, 74, 200, 205, 208, 218
pots. See Smoke pots.
research and development, 197-225
rocket. See Smoke rockets.
shells. See Shells, smoke munitions.
tanks, airplane. See Airplane smoke tanks.
testing, 39, 40, 199, 200, 310
MI, 202, 203, 207, 209, 372, 373
MIA1, 203
M4A1 floating, 206
M4A2 floating, 207
Smoke rockets
2.35-inch, 372
Smoke screens, aerial, 218
Smoke tanks. See Airplane smoke tanks.
Soda lime, 80
Sodium hypochlorite, 270
Sodium pyrophosphate, 61
Solvoy Process Co.. 71
Soman, 50n
Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B., 189, 274, 284, 285, 297, 370, 371
Somme, France, French firing of hydrogen cyanide shells, 55
demobilization planning, 412, 415, 416, 425, 427
postwar Army organization plan, 431, 432, 435
South Africa, 113
South America, 21
South Carolina Experiment Station, Clemson, S.C., 33
South Pacific Area
colored smoke mortar shells, 136
enemy equipment intelligence teams, 47, 113
Southern California, University of, 57, 60
Southwest Pacific Area
enemy equipment intelligence teams, 47, 113
flame throwers, 143 4.2-inch mortar, 128
HE shell, M4, 134
Spanish Civil War, 191
Spare parts, procurement and distribution, 306-09, 382, 401
Spare Parts and Catalog Branch, Field Requirements Division, OC CWS, 307
Special Assignments Branch, CWS, 108
Special Committee Investigating the National Defense Program, U.S. Senate, 358, 361, 379, 421, 431
Special Committee on Materiel Demobilization Planning, ASF, 412
Special Planning Division, WDSS, 412
Special procedures, I 1 1
Special Projects Division, OC CWS, 105, 107, 108-11, 115
intelligence function, 112, 113
strength, 111
Special Projects Periodic Intelligence Reports, 113
Specification and Inspection Branch, ASF, 289
Specification 100-14A, War Dept., 395
Specifications, preparation of, 232-33, 284
SPHINX project, 40
Sprague Specialties Co., 319, 324
Spraker, Col. Harry W., 416
Spray tanks. See Airplane spray tanks.
Squibb Co., 95
Stagg Field, University of Chicago, 8
Standard Inspection Procedure (SIP), 327
Standard Oil Development Co., 144, 151, 165, 184, 211, 352, 376
Standardization of chemical munitions, U.S.-British, 45-46
Standards Division, OASW, 233
Stanford University, 352
State Board of Entomology, Baxley, Ga., 33
Statistical, Inspection, and Specifications Section, 262
Statistics and Progress Branch, Control DiviSion,
Sternutators. See Adamsite.
Stilwell, Lt. Gen. Joseph W., 408
Stock control, 401-03
Stock Control Division, ASF, 304
Stokes mortar. See Mortar, Stokes.
Storage space. See Depot storage.
Streptomycin treatment, 116, 117
Stubbs, Lt. Col. Marshall, 277
Subcommittee on Clinical Research, Committee on Medicine, NRC, 44
Subcommittee on Noxious Gases, NRC, 2-4, 5
Submarine Gases Section (American University), 6
Suffield, Canada, experiment station, 165
Sulfa drug treatment, 97, 116, 118
Sulfadiazine treatment, 118
Sulfathiazole treatment, 97
Sulphur dioxide, toxic agent in Crimean War, 1
Sulphur fluorides research, 49-50
Sulphur monochloride, 17
Sun Rubber Co., 326
Sun Tube Co., 334
Supply
computation of requirements, 231-32, 244-50, 262, 272-76
distribution system, 397-411
levels, 401-03
maintenance, 309-13
packing and packaging, 393-97
peacetime preparation for, 226-40
ports of embarkation, 408-11
procurement list, CWS, 227, 230, 233. See also Procurement.
specifications, 232-33
statistical control, 297-306
stock control, 401-03
storage space, 263-65, 297-306, 381-93
World War I, 14-22, 25-26, 123, 226
Supply Control System, 302-06, 308
Supply Division, OC CWS, 229, 263, 264, 299
computation of requirements, 275
demobilization planning, 412
distribution system, 301, 302, 312
established, 259
Surgeon General, U.S. Army, 94, 103, 107
Surgeon General, U.S. Navy, 103, 107
Surgeon General’s Office (SGO), U.S. Army
biological warfare research, 103, 105, 106, 110
Surplus Property Act, 1944, 426
Surplus Property Administration, OWM, 426, 427
Surplus Property Board, 426, 427
Surplus property disposal, 312
World War I, 25
World War II, 312, 413, 415-17, 424-31
Sweden, 113
Swift, E. H., 39
–T–
Tactical Air Command, XIX, 183
Talmage, Lt. Col. Ralph H., 38
Tanks, airplane smoke. See Airplane smoke tanks.
Tanks, flame throwing, 150-62
Targhee National Forest, 40
Technical Command, CWS, 134
Technical Committee (CWS-NDRC), 43
Technical Director, Edgewood Arsenal, 29, 235, 243
Technical Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 39, 52, 59, 233, 395
Technical Division, Gas Service, AEF, 12
Technical Division, OC CWS
demobilization planning, 412
established, 28
and flame thrower, 143
and 4.2-inch mortar, 129
represented on Technical Committee (CWS-NDRC), 43
Technical Files Department, Information Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Technical Library Department, Information Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Technical Service, Edgewood Arsenal, 102
Technical Service, OC CWS, 342
Temple, S., 53
Tennessee Eastman Co., 334
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 374
Tenth Army, U.S., 133, 154, 156, 162
Terre Haute, Ind., Vigo Plant, 109
Testing, chemical warfare items, 31
chemical munitions, 54-55, 57-58, 59, 60, 66, 68, 347, 356, 377, 378
field test stations, 41, 108, 109
incendiaries, 168, 174, 184, 185, 189, 351
proving grounds, 23, 26, 29, 38-41, 217
weapons, 132, 134, 140, 145, 149, 154, 199, 217, 354, 355
World War I, 11, 12, 19, 22-24
Tetryl burster, See Burster, tetryl.
Texas Co., 63
Therapeutic research, 8
Thermate filling, for incendiaries, 173
Thermite, procurement, 270, 294-95, 344
Thionyl chloride, pilot plant production, 37
Third Army, U.S., 207
Third British Army, 7
Thompson, Maj. A. T., 102n
Thompson, E. C., 256
Tirrell, Corp. Wilbur G., 139, 141
Titanium tetrachloride (FM), 135, 215, 218, 406
TM 8-285, 95
Tokyo, Japan, incendiary air raid on, 186
Tompkins, Brig. Gen. W. F., 412
Toxic agents, 224. See also agents by name.
detection of, 75-77
manufacture and shipment, World War I, 14-18, 49, 386
procurement, 269-72
stocks, 228
storage and transportation, 386-89, 396
Toxicological Department, Medical Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 30
Toxicological research, 8, 32, 44, 49-74, 165-66
Training Division, CWS, 13
Treasury Department, U.S., 407, 424, 426
Trench Warfare Section, Gun Division, OCO, 14
Trichloromethyl chloroformate. See Diphosgene.
Trilon, 50n
Tropical warfare. See Jungle warfare.
Truck, crane, swinging boom, 267, 312
Trundle Engineering Co., 289
Turlock Plant, Turlock Calif., 416, 416n
–U–
Under Secretary of War, 249n, 261, 279, 282, 283, 343, 344, 366, 367, 370, 379
and iron carbonyl production, 224
and postwar organization, 432, 433, 434
Ungethuem, Lt. Col. Walter J., 253, 256, 277
Union Pacific Railroad, 277
emplaced flame throwers in defense of Moscow, 164
lend-lease requirements, 406-07, 425
lewisite use, 69
U.S. Army Forces, Far East (USAFFE), 47, 139
U.S. Army Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas (USAFPOA), 162
U.S. Biological Warfare Committee, 107, 121
U.S.-Canadian Advisory Committee, 45
U.S. Chemical Warfare Committee (USCWC), 45, 273
U.S. Committee on Military Affairs, 361
Committee on Military Affairs, 361
and contract renegotiation, 292
and contract settlements, 419
and CWS appropriations, 32, 33, 36, 250-55, 343
and mobilization planning, 227, 239
National Defense Act of 1920, 226
Senate Special Committee Investigating the National Defense Program, 358, 361, 379, 421, 431
Senate Special Committee to Study and Survey
Problems of Small Business Enterprises, 284
U.S. Court of Claims, 418
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 19, 103, 104
U.S. Department of Commerce, 33
U.S. Department of Justice, 364, 367
U.S. Federal Security Agency, 104
U.S. House Committee on Military Affairs. See U.S. Congress.
U.S. Navy Department. See Navy Department, U.S.
U.S. Office of Education, 429
U.S. Public Health Service, 28
biological warfare research, 103, 104, 105
fumigating gas investigation, 33, 34
gas mask production for, 229
U.S. Senate Special Committee Investigating the National Defense Program. See U.S. Congress.
U.S. Senate Special Committee to Study and Survey Problems of Small Business Enterprises. See U. S. Congress.
U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 171
U.S. Veterans’ Bureau, 28
United States Wind Engine and Pump Co., 363
United Wall Paper Co., 351
Universal Oil Products Co., 71
University of California. See California, University of.
University of Chicago. See Chicago, University of.
University of Illinois. See Illinois, University of.
University of Michigan, 8-9. See Michigan, University of.
University of Pennsylvania, 97, 107. See Pennsylvania, University of.
University of Southern California, 57, 60. See Southern California, University of.
University of Virginia, 75, 96. See Virginia, University of.
University of Wisconsin, 8, 105. See Wisconsin, University of.
Unmacht, Col. George H., 153, 154, 155, 157, 162, 240
Utah General Depot, 399
–V–
V-2 bombs, German propellant for, 48
Vaccines, research and development, 117
Van Heest, Christian, 421
Vapor detector kit. See Gas detector equipment.
Veterinary Corps, 110
Veterinary Division, SGO, 110
Victor Chemical Works, 373, 374
Vigo Plant, Terre Haute, Ind., 108, 109, 416, 417
Virginia, University of, 75, 96
Vomiting gas. See Adamsite.
Vortexol Co., 339
–W–
Waitt, Brig. Gen. Alden H., 75, 275, 304
Walker, Col. William H., 9, 18
Wallace and Tiernan Products, Inc., 333
Walter Butler Co., 257
War Bureau of Consultants (WBC) Committee, 103-04
War Department assumes control of biological warfare research, 106, 110, 112
Bureau of Mines chemical warfare organization transferred to, 13
contract termination, 419, 420, 421
demobilization planning, 412
Gas Service, U.S. Army, created, 12
industrial mobilization planning, 266-40
postwar organization, 432
procurement regulations, 290, 419, 424
War Department General Staff, 104, 231, 236, 239, 250, 252, 253, 273, 274, 279, 342, 412, 435
War Food Administration, 22
War Gases as Insecticides project (1922), 32
War Plans Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 234, 235, 244, 253, 256, 314
War Powers Act, First, 282, 424
War Powers Act, Second, 289
War Production Board, 248, 272, 278, 281, 295, 321, 322, 323, 344, 351, 370, 371, 372, 405, 424
War Research Service (WRS) 104-06, 107, 110
War Reserve materiel, 227, 228, 229, 232, 430
Ward, Kyle, Jr., 69
Warehousing, 263, 264, 381, 383. See also Depot storage.
Water-testing kit, 96
Watson, Warren H., 248n
WBC (War Bureau of Consultants) Committee, 103-04
Weapons Department, Munitions Development Division, Edgewood Arsenal, 31
Weary Willie, remote-controlled bomb, 189-90
Weaver, Brig. Gen. Theron D., 412
Weiss, Joseph T., 363
Wesleyan University, 19
Western Defense Command, 375
Western Reserve University, 9
Westinghouse Airbrake Co., 358
Westinghouse Electrical Corp., 369
Westvaco Chlorine Products Co., 371, 372
Whetlerite, 80, 245, 316. See also Charcoal.
Canadian purchase, 407
plant construction, 244, 254-55, 259
supply, 320-21
White phosphorus (WP), 94, 95, 167, 195, 228
British requirements, 405-06
incendiaries, 179, 186, 192, 193, 194, 375
procurement, 198, 373-75, 405, 406
research, 197-200
smoke munitions, 135, 136, 310, 374
testing, 40
White phosphorus, plasticized (PWP), 40, 199-200
Whitman, Requardt, and Smith, 253, 257, 277
William M. Fencil Manufacturing Co., 358, 360
Williamson, Maj. L. P., 19
Wilson, President Woodrow, 5, 13
Winternitz, Dr. Milton C., 105
Wisconsin, University of, 8, 105
Woodring, Harry H., 232, 234, 237
World War I, 98, 126, 132, 233, 240, 270, 293, 386, 434
contract terminations, 25, 417-18
demobilization, 24-27
French use of gas, 55-56, 59, 70
German gas attacks, 2, 51, 62, 70, 73, 77
incendiary fillings research, 167, 169
research and supply, 1-27, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 62, 67, 68, 78, 90, 91, 336, 399
smoke 197, 200, 201, 214, 215, 219
WP (White phosphorus). See White phosphorus.
Wright Field, Ohio, 97
WRS. See War Research Service.
Wyandotte, Mich., 336
–X–
–Y–
YELLOW war plan, 231
Yoe, J. H., 96
Yokohama, Japan, incendiary air raids on, 175
York-Hessian Co., 212
Young, L. A., Steel and Wire Co., 354
Young, P. E., 243
Ypres, France, German gas attack, 2, 77
Yugoslavia, gas masks for, 404