Index
–A–
Aberdeen Proving Ground, 34, 60, 331, 341, 362, 379, 385, 432
ammunition tests at, 346, 427, 438
artillery development projects at. 187-88
Foreign Matériel Branch, 263-65
museum established at, 264
rockets and launchers, tests at, 358, 437, 444, 446
study of enemy equipment at, 261-67, 273-74, 350
study of Soviet equipment at, 274
study of technical intelligence reports at, 210-11, 213
synthetic rubber tires and tracks, test at, 503
tanks and tank engines, tests at, 210-11, 290-92, 294, 299-300, 318
training activities at, 100, 110, 122-34, 140-41, 146, 148, 150, 263
Accepted Schedules of Production, 55-56
Adams, L. H., 415-16
Affiliated Units, 10, 141-43, 146-47
Air Corps. See Army Air Forces.
Air Corps Board, 435-36
Air Force. See Army Air Forces.
Airborne Center, 319-20
Airborne Command
and airborne tank development, 318-20
modification of machine gun mounts for. 404
modified bazooka launcher requested by, 329
paracrate tests by, 322
Airborne equipment, 12, 317-18, 513
artillery, 317, 320-21, 411, 513
bazooka launcher. 329
machine gun mounts, 404-05
paracrates, 321-22
recoilless rifles, 229, 229n, 244, 330-31
trucks, 322-23
Aircraft armament
design, problems of, 422-23, 438-40
machine guns. 422-32
Alaska Highway, 503
Alexander, General Sir Harold R. L. C., 390
Allied Expeditionary Forces, 23-24, 179
Allis-Chalmers Company, 143
Allocation of plants, 50, 55-56, 76
Amatol Ordnance Depot, 61
American Automobile Association, 199
American Cyanamid Company, 360
American Designers Act, 35
American Forge Company, 58
American Iron and Steel Institute, 478, 483
American Locomotive Company, 78
American Roadbuilders Association, 143
American Society of Automotive Engineers. See Society of Automotive Engineers.
American Technical Mission to London, 269-70
Ammunition, 512. See also High explosives; Projectiles; Propellants.
artillery, 11, 24-25, 25n, 75, 174-75, 184, 347-49, 410, 481-82, 484, 486, 488-91, 494, 497. See also Artillery ammunition.
developments during 1919-1940 period, 172-75
grenades, 213, 347, 357, 359, 368-69, 371, 386, 451
mortar, 3, 179, 333. 347-48, 363, 373, 517
packing of. See Preservative materials.
rockets, 213-14, 242n, 244, 328-30, 338, 347, 352-63, 402, 411. 413, 436-39, 443-50
small arms, 11, 75, 172-75, 348-50, 405-07, 405n, 428-32, 438, 480, 482-83, 488-89, 491-94, 507-08. See also Small arms ammunition.
special training, 428-30
storage and renovation of, 39, 60-64, 172-73. See
also Depots; Field Service.
Anglo-American Conservation Committee, 270-71
Anglo-American Tank Commission, 189
Anglo-French Purchasing Board, 66. See also Lend-lease.
Anniston Ordnance Depot, 81
Antiaircraft Board, 406-07
Antiaircraft Command, 405-06
Antiaircraft weapons
ammunition for, 402, 405-07, 414-16
design, problems of, 401-03
fire control and tracking devices for, 416-20
machine guns, 403-05
proximity fuzes, use in, 420-21
budgetary restrictions on research and development 1919-1940, 195, 204-08, 324-25
during World War I, 20-21, 20n
for educational orders, 35, 57-58
increase in, for arsenals, 324-25
June 1940-1945, 66-72, 77, 225
1919–June 1940, 30-31, 35, 40-52, 57-58, 64, 66, 195, 204-08, 324-25
Armor. See Armor plate; Body armor.
Armor plate, 374-79, 422, 484-85
Armored Board. See Armored Force Board.
Armored Command, 280
Armored Fighting Vehicles Meetings, 270
Armored Force, 5
on airborne tanks, 318
creation of, 189, 194, 201, 251
on fires in tanks, 293
and gas versus diesel tank engines, 296-98
and high-powered tank guns, 327
Armored Force Board, 236, 278, 297, 300, 318, 341, 390-92
Armories, 14-16, 17n. See also Arsenals; Harpers Ferry
Armory; Springfield Armory; individual arsenals by
name.
Armstrong, Brig. Gen. Donald, 108-10
Army Air Forces, 3-5; 50, 76n, 90, 141, 158-59, 173, 180, 214, 345-46, 401. See also Airborne equipment; Bombs; individual air forces by number.
aircraft armament for, 178, 233, 422-50
aircraft rockets for, 443-50
and guided missiles, 234
improved ammunition for, 405-07
Matériel Command, 435, 437, 444, 449, 462
ordnance service at air bases, 63
special training ammunition for, 428-30
and tank engine versus aircraft engine production, 203, 291. 291n
Army Air Forces Board, 468, 471
Army and Navy Munitions Board
Clearance Committee, for foreign orders, 76
and conservation of materials, 476n, 479, 487
machine tool surveys by, 56
mobilization plans of, 51
Army Desert Test Command. 503
Army Equipment Review Board, 517
Army Ground Forces, 3-5, 94, 158-59, 259, 351. 445
and airborne tanks, 318-20
on battle testing of new equipment, 286
on control of development of new and improved
Equipment Review Board, 238
establishment of, 4, 90-91, 235-36
and gyrostabilizers for tanks, 343
and heavy tank controversy with Ordnance, 236-39, 278, 280-86
on high-powered tank guns; 282, 327-28
improved ammunition for, 406-07
and mines, 384-86
and Ordnance unit training, 141, 144-46
on periscopes for tanks, 341
on self-propelled artillery, 238-39, 314-17
and tracks, 302-05
Army Industrial College, 29, 50
Army Ordnance Association, 37, 103
Army Service Forces, 4, 6, 105-06, 262, 385, 486
approval of Ordnance decentralization by, 118
Control Division, 94-95, 104, 118
establishment of, effect on Ordnance organization, 90-95, 114-20
influence on Ordnance civilian personnel policies, 158-61, 164-66, 168
influence on Ordnance replacement and unit training, 134-36, 141, 144-46
lack of Ordnance representation within, 94
Services of Supply redesignated ASF, 91n
Army Supply Program, 67, 91, 493
Arnold, General Henry H., 454, 459
and 75-mm. aircraft gun, 436
improved machine gun requested by, 422
new type aircraft gun requested by, 433
protective armor for planes requested by, 422
Arsenals, 9, 23, 38. 43, 55, 57, 152, 161-62. See also
Armories; individual arsenals by name.
administrative organization of, 35-36
aid to private companies and individuals, 7, 17, 17n, 56, 56n
establishment of, 16
functions of, 6-7, 20-21, 36, 65, 118, 324
principle of interchangeability of parts adopted by, 15-16
production capacity of, 6-7, 57, 66, 324-25
reconditioning of machine tools stored at, 56
safety programs at, 161
supervision of, 87
Artillery, 16, 20n. See also Artillery ammunition;
Artillery weapons, US; Coast Artillery Corps; Field Artillery.
Artillery ammunition, 75. See also High explosives; Projectiles; Propellants.
adoption of French designs in World War I, 22, 24
conservation of strategic materials in, 481-82, 484, 486, 488-91, 494-98
development of, 174-75, 184, 346-73
for 40-mm. guns (Bofors), 410
system of interchangeable fuzes for, 173-74
Artillery Tropicalization Mission, 509
Artillery weapons, US, 11, 18, 46-47, 58, 74-75. For
foreign artillery weapons see individual countries name.
adoption of French designs in World War I, 22, 24
aircraft armament, use as. 432-36
antiaircraft weapons, use as, 401-03, 407-11
auxiliary flotation devices for artillery carriages, 313-14
“Columbiad,” 17
development projects, 1919-1940, 178-88
production lag during World War I, 21-25
self-propelled. See Self-propelled artillery.
Westervelt Board recommendations on, 170-72
3-inch gun, 180, 236, 238, 315, 341, 401, 413, 416
4.2-inch mortar, 347
8-inch howitzer, 317, 320, 339
20-mm. gun (Hispano Suiza), 268, 433-35
22.8-mm. gun (.90-caliber gun), 433
27-mm. gun, 197
37-mm. gun, 177, 180, 182-86, 196-97, 201, 211, 215, 236, 259, 268, 316-17, 322, 340-41, 405, 407-08, 417, 432-33, 435, 440-41
40-mm. gun (Bofors), 248, 268, 315, 320-21, 408-11, 417
57-40-mm. gun, 229
73-mm. gun, 74, 179-80, 186, 236, 315-16, 325-27, 341, 411, 435-36, 441-42, 483
75-mm. howitzer, 180-82, 201, 321, 322, 371
75-mm. mortar, 179
76-mm. gun, 237, 316, 326-27, 347, 483
81-mm. mortar, 322
90-mm. gun, 229, 237-38, 280, 282, 315, 327-28, 413-16, 417-20, 483, 512
105-mm. gun, 237-38, 327, 416, 442
105-mm. howitzer, 180, 186-88, 237, 268, 315, 320-21, 327, 370-71, 442, 513
155-mm. gun, 237-39, 316-17, 320, 325, 339
155-mm. howitzer, 238, 316-17, 320
240-mm. howitzer, 179, 180, 188, 317, 320, 325-26
914-mm. mortar (Little David), 3, 331-33, 347-48, 373, 517
Assistant Secretary of War, 32, 85
allocation of plants by, 55
and educational orders, 57
machine tool surveys by, 56
mobilization planning by, 51, 53-54
Associated Equipment Distributors, 143
Atlanta Ordnance Depot, 127, 144, 146
Atlas Powder Company, 360
Atomic warfare, 516. See also MANHATTAN Project.
Augusta Arsenal, 38, 60-61, 144
Automotive vehicles, 3-4, 11, 60, 203, 275-78, 325, 512. See also Flotation; Night lighting equipment;
Office Chief of Ordnance Detroit; Tires; individual items by name.
–B–
Bakelite Corporation, 428
Baldwin, Hanson W., 278
Baldwin Locomotive Company, 78
Ballistic Research Laboratory, 167n, 218-19, 223, 226, 264, 346, 349, 371
bomb sight development at, 443
University of Pennsylvania, Ballistic Research Laboratory Annex at, 226
Barnes, Brig. Gen. Gladeon M., 85, 88, 230, 234, 262. 454
and American Technical Mission to London, 269-70
appointed Chief, ‘Technical Division, 98
on battle trial of experimental matériel, 237, 243-44
on conservation of materials, 270, 477-78, 489, 497
as dominant figure in Ordnance research, 1938-1946, 220-25
and heavy tanks, 236-37, 280, 284
on mines and mine exploders, 385, 387, 390, 397
on rockets, 228, 402, 438, 445
on self-propelled artillery, 238, 316-17
and tank engines, 296-97
Barrels. See Gun barrels; Tapered bore guns.
Barron, Col. Morris K., 90
Baruch, Bernard, 96
Battelle Memorial Institute, 266-67
“Battlenecks,” 478n
Baxter, James Phinney, 230
Bazooka. See Rockets.
Beasley, William F., 198
Bell Telephone Laboratories, 420
Benicia Arsenal, 38
Birmingham Ordnance District, 482
Black Hills Ordnance Depot, 154
Board of Officers on the Development of Equipment
for Armored Divisions, 315
Board of Ordnance and Fortification, 21
Board of War and Ordnance, 14
Boards. See individual boards by name.
Boatwright, Brig. Gen. Walter P., 105, 111-12, 169n, 170n
Body armor, 379-80
Bofors. See Artillery weapons, US, 40-mm. gun.
Bomb Board, 452
Bomb disposal training, 147-49
Bombs, 75, 173. See also Bomb disposal training;
Guided missiles.
armor-piercing, 453, 455, 459, 466, 473
atomic. See MANHATTAN Project.
bomb-handling equipment for air bases, 63
British, 452-55, 458-59, 462-64, 469-72
butterfly, 461
chemical, 259, 455-57, 468, 473
developments to 1940, 451-53
fillings. See High explosives.
fuzes for, 457-59, 465-66, 470, 473-74
general-purpose, 453-56, 459, 466-67, 471-73
glide, 458
Grand Slam, 471-72
Japanese, 461
large bomb development, 466-67, 470-73
napalm, 259
semi-armor-piercing, 453, 455, 459, 466, 473
sights for, 233
stratosphere tests of, 470
Tallboy, 471-72
target identification, 455, 469-70
Bomford, Col. George, 17
Book of Standards, 34
Boston Procurement District, 105
Bouchier, Col., 394
Bradley, General of the Army Omar N., 280, 385
Brandt, Edgar, 213-14
Bricker, Col. Edwin D., 43
British Air Commission, 269
British Central Scientific Office, 267
British Eighth Army, 381
British matériel
bombs, 452-55, 458-59, 462-64, 469-72
flares, 469
mines and mine exploders, 382, 385-86, 389-90, 393, 395
rockets, 269, 352, 357, 402, 411-12, 437, 443-44
tapered bore guns, 348-49
2.95-inch gun (Vickers-Maxim), 180
British Ministry of Supply, 269
British Mud Committee, 271n
British Ordnance Board, 268, 270
British Purchasing Commission, 75-76, 318
British Royal Air Force, 453-54, 463, 470
British Supply Mission, 272
British Tank Commission, 78
British Tank Mission, 269
Brown, John, 17n
Brown, Lewis H., 96
Bruce, Brig. Gen. Andrew D., 316
Buckner, Lt. Gen. Simon B., Jr., 457
Budd, E. G., Company, 359
Bullet jackets, clad-steel, 493-94
Bulletins, technical, 8-9
Bullitt, William C., 49
Buna-N (GR-N). See Conservation of materials, rubber.
Buna-S (GR-S). See Conservation of materials, rubber.
Bureau of the Budget, 69, 204, 207
Bureau of Ordnance. See Navy Department.
Bureau of Standards
and proximity fuze, 364
redesign of 60-mm. shell, 348
rocket design, 360
telescope prisms, 336
Burns, Maj. Gen. James H., 76, 95
Butler, Col. Robert G., 269
Butyl (GR-I). See Conservation of materials, rubber.
–C–
Caliber Board. See Westervelt Board.
California Institute of Technology, 354, 413
Callan, Brig. Gen. Robert E., 169n, 170n
Camp Santa Anita, California, 135, 144, 144n
Camp Seeley, California, 503
Camp Shilo, Manitoba, Canada, 306, 377, 438, 503
Camp Sims, D.C., 358
Camp Sutton, North Carolina, 142-43
Campbell, Lt. Gen. Levin H., 94, 118-20, 145, 159-60. 258, 476, 486
appointed Chief of Ordnance, 88, 95
military career before becoming Chief of Ordnance, 85, 88-90, 95, 98-99
moves toward decentralization, 106, 108, 110, 112-14, 118
other organizational changes by, 100-105, 114-20, 134, 220
Canal defense lights, 272, 513. See also Night lighting equipment.
Cannon Suboffice, Industrial Service, 107
Capron, Lt. Col. Webster A., 169n
Carlson, Maj. R. E., 189
Carnegie Institution, 150
Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 364
Geophysics Laboratory, 424
Carney’s Point Plant, 162
Cartridge Case Committee, 490-91
Cartridge cases, steel. 480, 488-93
Case, J. I., Company, 143
Case, Brig. Gen. Rolland W., 98, 101-02
Catalogue of Enemy Ordnance Matériel, 267
Catalogue of Standard Ordnance Items, 267
Cavalry, 5. 22. 29, 46-47, 91, 178, 205, 430
and tank doctrine and policy, 189-203
Cavalry Board. 176-77
Chaffee, Brig. Gen. Adna R., 201
Charleston Ordnance Depot, 38, 62
Chavin, Brig. Gen. R. S., 116
Chemical Warfare Service, 120, 169, 205, 265
and bombs, 259, 452, 455-56, 468
and chemical shells, 371
Chennault, Maj. Gen. Claire L., 442
Chicago Procurement District, 36, 94
Chief of Staff, 4, 46, 79, 85, 177, 182, 185, 258
Christie, Walter, 199-200
Christmas, Brig. Gen. John K., 110-13, 296
Chrysler Corporation
and mine exploders, 393
and tank engines, 227, 293-96, 299
Chrysler Tank Arsenal. See Office Chief of Ordnance Detroit.
Civil Service Commission, 153-54, 156-57
Civil Works Administration, 43
Civilian Advisory Council, 134
Coast Artillery Board, 398
Coast Artillery Corps, 5, 16, 20n, 21, 25, 46, 91, 205-06, 394, 396
on antiaircraft artillery, 180, 413
on fire control devices, 343-44
and machine gun development, 178, 403
and Westervelt Board, 169, 169n
Codd, Lt. Col. Leo A., 103
Coffey, Col. John NI., 267
Colby, Col. Joseph M., 502
Cold weather tests
on Alaska Highway, 503
at Camp Shilo, Canada, 306, 377, 438, 503
at Fort Churchill, Canada, 340
at Mount Auconquilcha, Chile, 438
Colt, Samuel, 17
Colt Patent Fire Arms Company, 178, 407, 422-23
“Columbiad,” 17
Columbus General Supply Depot, 38
Combat car. See Tanks, light.
Combat vehicles. See individual items by name.
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 272, 365
Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee
(CIOS), 263, 352. See also Intelligence, technical.
Commissary General of Military Stores, 14
Commissary General of Ordnance, 16
Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, 232
Compton, Kaufman T., 134n
Conservation of materials, 218
Anglo-American Conservation Committee, 270-71
beginnings of program for, 476-79
chlorine, 479
early neglect of, 475-76
optical glass, 334-35
plastics, 335, 426, 496, 508-09
preservative materials and packaging, 8, 505-10
rayon tire cord, 504
rubber, 307-08, 310-11, 479, 498-505, 514
silk, 479
steel, 479-86
zinc, 479
Continental Army, 14
Continental Congress, 14
Continental Motors Corporation, 290-91, 298
Control Branch, Ordnance, 103-04
Control Bureau, Ordnance, 26
Controlled Materials Plan, 99
Corps of Engineers. See Engineers, Corps of.
Corrosion-prevention materials. See Preservative materials.
Council of National Defense, Advisory Committee of, 24, 25n
Coupland, Brig. Gen. Richard C., 234
Craig, General Malin, 177
Crain, Brig. Gen. James K., 87-88, 90
Crane Company, 424
Crawford, Group Captain Charles, 453
Crawford, Ivan C., 134n
Crowell, Brig. Gen. Benedict, 59, 157, 157n
Crowell Committee
on civilian personnel policy, 157
on educational orders, 59
Crozier, Brig. Gen. William B., 20-22, 25-26, 29
Curtis Bay Ordnance Depot, 38, 61-62, 64
–D–
Danforth, Brig. Gen. Charles H., 203
Danish matériel, 433
Davies, Col. Clarence E., 103-04
Davis, Jefferson, 19
Davis, Col. Merle H., 105
Dean, Brig. Gen. William F.. 280
DeCamp, Maj. George W., 159
Defense Aid. See Lend-lease.
Defense Aid Requirements Committee, 77
Del Campo, Maj. A. R., 140
Delalande, Maj. Pierre, 382
Delaware Ordnance Depot. 38, 61-63
Denver Ordnance Plant, 490, 492
Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, 384, 507
Depots. See also individual depots by name.
administration of, 35, 38-39, 87, 99, 113-14
construction of, during World War 11, 63-65, 80-82, 90. 113
construction of, following World War I, 37-38
during World War I, 37
effects of lend-lease on, 80-82
functions of, 8, 20, 36-39, 59-64, 113, 161
motor supply depots transferred from Quartermaster. 8, 113
safety programs at, 161
schools and unit training centers at, 38-39, 126-27, 144
Des Moines Ordnance Plant, 431
Desert Warfare Board, 296, 339
Detroit Procurement District, 105
Devers, Lt. Gen. Jacob L., 280, 296-97, 307, 362, 390
Dewey, John, 517
Dillard, Col. James B., 169n
Directors, electric, 419-20, 515. See also Fire-control and tracking devices.
District offices. See also individual offices by name.
administrative organization of, 37, 87, 105-06
closing of, after World War I, 36
functions of, 6, 54-57, 65, 87, 118
machine tool surveys by, 56
number of employees at, 152
re-establishment of, in 1922, 34, 36-37, 55
supervision of, 87
Division of Purchase, Storage and Traffic, 23
Doolittle, Maj. Gen. James H., 457
Douglas Aircraft Company, 441
Dover Air Base, 449
Drewry, Col. Guy H., 105
Du Pont Company, 162, 173, 352, 360, 367
Duffy, Lt. Col. Irving A., 105
Duke University, 428
During, William, 497
–E–
Eastman Kodak Company, 419
Eddy, Col. George G., 362, 393
Educational orders, 65
Crowell Committee on. 59
and Educational Orders Act of 1938, 31, 57-58
expediting of, 35
twenty-year campaign for, 21n, 57-59
Eglin Field, Florida, 435, 437, 442, 445, 449
Eighth Air Force, 437
Eighth Army, British, 381
Eisenhower, General of the Army Dwight D., 327, 366
Ellett, Alexander H., 363
Enemy Equipment Intelligence Teams, 262-65. See
also Intelligence, technical.
Engineer Board, 381, 386, 390, 507
Engineers, Corps of, 16, 21, 25, 180, 205, 513
responsibility for low-speed commercial tractors. 235
width and weight limitations imposed by, 194-96. 235, 278
Ennis, Brig. Gen. William P., 169n
Erie Ordnance Depot, 64
Erie Proving Ground, 38, 144, 442
Eskridge, Col. Oliver S., 198
ETOUSA, Ordnance Section, 268. 270
Evansville Ordnance Plant, 492
Expenditure Program, 67
Explosives. See High explosives; Propellants.
Extended end connectors, 302-04
–F–
Fairchild, Maj. Cameron, 428
Fairless, Benjamin F., 96
Faymonville, Maj. Philip R., 208
Feltman, Samuel, 269
Ferrous Metallurgical Advisory Committee, 232, 378
Field Artillery. 5, 16, 20n. 21, 29, 46-47, 91, 205-06
and artillery development, 179-82, 185-87
self-propelled artillery, lack of interest in, 203-04, 314
and Westervelt Board, 169, 169n
Field Artillery Board, 182. 186-87, 322, 337-38
Field Director of Ammunition Plants, 96, 106-07
effects of lend-lease on, 80-82
establishment of, 20, 23, 29, 59
Field Service School, 61, 122-23, 128
Field Service Zones, 96, 113-14
functions of, 8-9, 19-20, 34-35, 37-39, 59-64, 84, 87, 101-03, 161, 243, 506-07
organization of, 34-35, 84, 87, 90, 96, 99, 114-17, 160-61
safety programs, 161
Filters, for optical devices, 339-40
Fire control and tracking devices, 333-34
for armored vehicles, 340-43, 515
bazooka sights, 338
binoculars, 334-37
directors, electric, 419-20, 515
filters, antiglare, 339-40
lens coatings, 339-40
night lighting, 339
optical glass shortage, 334-35
remote control systems, 417-19
for seacoast defense batteries, 343-45
telescopes. 334-37, 340-42, 419
tracking devices for antiaircraft weapons, 402, 416-20
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, 410
Fiscal Division, 103
Flares, 468
Flemming. Arthur S.. 157n
Flotation
auxiliary devices for artillery carriages, 313-14
tracked vehicles, 301-10
wheeled vehicles, 310-13
Ford Motor Company, 298-301
Foreign matériel. See individual countries by name.
Forest Products Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, 384, 507
Fort Bliss, Texas, 60
Fort Bragg, North Carolina, 188
Fort Churchill, Canada, 340
Fort Crook Ordnance Depot, 144
Fort Eustis, Virginia, 192, 202
Fowler, Neil A., 506
ammunition development at, 95, 348, 406, 427, 430
basic research in metallurgy and explosives at, 218-19, 483
civilian employees at, 152, 162-63, 165
and optical and fire control devices, 36, 337-38, 407, 417
and steel cartridge cases, 492-93
study of enemy equipment at, 264-66
training programs at, 162-63
French matériel
adoption of French designs in World War I, 22, 24, 28
20-mm. gun, 433
25-mm. gun, 183
105-mm. howitzer, 24
155-mm. howitzer, 75
Frye, Maj. John H., 477
Fungus-prevention materials. See Preservative materials.
Fuzes
artillery, 173-74, 361-66, 402, 410
mortar, 496-97
proximity (VT), 218-20, 233, 235. 273, 363-66, 402, 420-21, 445-46, 465-66, 473, 511, 516
use of plastics in, 496-97
–G–
Garand, John C., 175-76
Gatling gun, 18
Gavotti, Lt., 451
General Motors Corporation
Frigidaire Division, 424-25, 439
Oldsmobile Division, 440
Overseas Operations, report on spare parts by, 101
Proving Ground, 299
General Staff. See War Department General Staff.
General Staff College, 32
Geneva Convention, and employment of POW’s at
depots, 154
Gerber, Col. Theodore C., 107
Gerlich, Hermann, 348
German matériel, 13
bombs, 346, 453-54, 461, 464-65
German Army ordnance research and development, 246-56, 346-47
guided missiles, 12, 234, 346, 415, 511
mines, 257, 380-87, 393, 395-96
mortars, 346-47
rockets, 234, 346, 437-38, 516
Russo-German research collaboration, 249-50
tanks, 250-56, 252n, 278-86, 328, 514
tapered bore guns, 229, 328, 348-50
20-mm. gun, 232, 281, 411, 433
37-mm. and 47-mm. guns, 182-83, 210-11, 215, 252, 281
50-mm. to 80-mm. guns, 183, 210, 281
75/55-mm. gun, 273
88-mm. gun, 201. 236, 247, 273, 328, 414-15, 415n, 512
105-mm. howitzer, 186
128-mm. cannon, 328
150-mm. gun, 328
80-cm. gun (Gustav), 331-33
Giles, Maj. Gen. Barney M., 448
Glancy, Brig. Gen. A. R., 110-11
Goddard, Robert H., 356
Government-owned contractor-operated (GOCO)
Greathouse, G. A., 506
Green, Samuel G., 178
Grenade mine, British Hawkins, 386
Grenades, 213, 347. 357, 359, 368-69, 371, 451
Gross, Paul, 428
Grousers, 303-04
Guderian, Generalmajor Heinz, 250, 284
Guided missiles, 258
confusion over development responsibility for, 234-35, 458n
German, 12, 234, 346, 415, 511
Gun barrels. See also Tapered bore guns.
erosion, 229, 325, 328, 348, 402, 414-15, 423-25. 427
Gun motor carriages. See Self-propelled artillery.
–H–
Haider, Generaloberst Franz, 247
Hale, George C., 367
Half-track vehicles, 203-04, 297, 405, 410-11. See also
individual vehicles by name.
Hammond, Harry P., 134n
Harding, Warren G., 30
Harmon, Maj. Gen. Millard F., 444
Harpers Ferry Armory, 14-16
Harris, Air Marshal Arthur T., 463
Harris, Maj. Gen. Charles T., 52, 57, 84-88, 93, 98
Harris Board, 118-19
Hatcher, Col. James L., 90
Hatcher, Brig. Gen. Julian S., 98, 100, 114, 116, 122-24, 129, 134, 134n, 175
Hauseman, Col. David N., 105
Hawaiian Ordnance Depot, 38, 62, 152
Hayes, Maj. Gen. Thomas J., 98-99
Heintz Manufacturing Company, 404
Helmets, 379-80
Hercules Powder Company, 351-54, 360
Hickman, Clarence N., 354, 356-58
High explosives. See also Mohaupt, Henri; Propellants;
Shaped charge.
haleite (EDNA), 366-68
pentolite, 367-69
PETN, 366-68
picratol, 464
PTX-2, 368
ternary mixtures, 368
TNT, 75, 366-68, 452-53, 463-64
torpex, 463
use of, in shells and bombs, 366-70, 452-53, 462-64
High Standard Company, 424-25
Himmler, Heinrich, 256
Hodges, Lt. Gen. Courtney H., 317
Hoe. R., and Company. 58
Hof, Maj. Gen. Samuel, 40
Holabird Ordnance Depot, 127, 144
Hollow charge. See Shaped charge.
Holly, Brig. Gen. Joseph A., 327
Hopkins, Harry L., 95
Hopkins, Nevil Monroe, 213-14
Howard, Col. Graeme K., 111
Howitzers. See Artillery weapons, US; foreign countries by name.
Hubble, Edwin, 226
Huebner, Brig. Gen. Clarence R., 134
Hughes, Maj. Gen. Everett S., 87, 90, 118-19
HVAR, 448-50. See also Rockets.
Hypervelocity, 229, 326-28, 348-50, 414-16, 426-27. See also Projectiles; Propellants; Tapered bore guns.
–I–
Indians, employment of at Ordnance depots, 154
Industrial mobilization plans
educational orders, 21n, 31, 35, 57-59, 65
effects of defense aid on, 75-80
1919-June 1940, 28-29, 35-36, 50-57, 65-67
1937 Protective Mobilization Plan (PMP), 53-54
Industrial Service. See also Manufacturing Service.
functions of, 6-8, 33-37, 84-87, 101-03, 221-23, 506-07
Manufacturing Service renamed Industrial Service, 35
organization of. 85-90, 96-99, 101-03, 114
packaging methods, development by, 8, 506-07
Industry integration committees, 232, 490-91
“Industry-Ordnance Team,” 11
Infantry, 5, 22, 29. 46, 48, 91
and machine guns, 178
and mines, 385-86
peacetime Ordnance research projects for, 205-06
and semiautomatic rifle, 59
and tanks, 189-94, 198-99, 201-02
Infantry Board, 22, 29, 176-77, 196, 338, 381, 386
Infra-red rays. See Night lighting equipment.
Inspection Gage Suboffice, Industrial Service, 107. See also Gages.
Inspection of matériel, 14, 107. See also Gages.
Inspector General, The, 47, 61, 146
Inspectors, training of, 6, 36
Intelligence, technical, 17, 24n, 28, 28n. See also
Spanish Civil War.
Catalogue of Enemy Ordnance Matériel, 267
Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee (CIOS), 263, 352
December 1941-1945, 261-74, 454
Enemy Equipment Intelligence Teams, 262-65
establishment of Military Intelligence Section in Ordnance, 260-61
exchange of, with USSR, 273-74
Joint Intelligence Committee, 273
1919–December 1941, 32, 46, 169, 182, 185-86, 208-15, 259-61, 267-69
Ordnance Technical Intelligence Units, 239, 273-74
International aid. See Lend-lease.
International Aid Division, 104-05. See also Lend-lease.
International Harvester Company, 143
Italian Service Units, employment at Ordnance
installations, 154
–J–
Japanese matériel, 246, 387-88, 396, 461
Jarrett, Lt. Col. George B., 264
Job Instructor Training. See “J” programs.
Job Methods Training. See “J” programs.
Job Relations Training. See “J” programs.
Johnson, J. E., 134n
Johnson, Thomas H., 226
Joint Aircraft Committee, subcommittee on aircraft
Joint Army-Navy Ammunition Storage Board, 397
Joint Army-Navy Research and Development Board, 231
Joint British-American Committee on Aircraft Ordnance and Armament, 463
Joint Intelligence Committee, 273. See also Intelligence, technical.
Jungle Warfare Mission. See Borden Mission.
–K–
Kane, Maj. Thomas J., 148
Keeper of Military Stores, 14
Keller, K. T., 96
Kelly, Col. Paul C., 135-36
Kenney, Brig. Gen. George C., 461
Kenny, Maj. Norris G., 477
Kerrison, Col. K. E., 417
Kessenich, Gregory J., 357
King, Col. David M., 42
Kirk, Brig. Gen. James, 492
Knudsen, William S., 59, 489-90
Kochevar, Maj. John H.. 404
Kutz, Brig. Gen. Harry R., 98, 125, 134n, 150
–L–
Lake City Ordnance Plant, 490
Lamson Corporation, 389
Larned, Col. William E., 163
Lauritsen, Charles C., 354, 411-13
Lemon, Lt. Col. Burton J., 502
Lend-lease
effect of, on Field Service, 80-82
foreign orders for munitions, 1938-June 1940, 65-67
shipment of Ordnance “surplus” after Dunkerque, 72-75
Lens coatings for optical devices, 339-40
Letterkenny Ordnance Depot, 144
Lewis, Brig. Gen. Burton O., 85, 88-90, 93, 95, 103-05
Lewis guns, 21. See also Machine guns.
Liddell Hart, B. H., 196
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 66-67
Lovett, Robert A., 454
Lowell Ordnance Plant, 492
Lutes, Maj. Gen. LeRoy, 116
–M–
MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas, 176, 192-93
MacGregor, Col. Stephen, 90
as aircraft armament, 178, 422-27, 439
ammunition for, 405-07, 428-32, 438
as antiaircraft weapons, 403-05
barrel liners for, 416
conservation of steel in, 483-84
high altitude tests of, 438-39
increase in rate of fire, 402-03, 416, 422-26
Lewis, 21
metallic belt links for, 426
multiple machine gun carriages, 404-05
as tank armament, 178, 196-98, 201
Machine tools, 6, 15-17, 65-66
foreign requests for, 77
surveys of, 56
Maintenance, 8-9, 19-20, 34, 60. See also Field Service; Spare parts.
Maintenance Division, 34, 60. See also Field Service.
MANHATTAN Project, 12, 218, 258, 516
Manuals, technical, 8-9
Manufacturing Service. See also Industrial Service.
functions of, 33-37
renamed Industrial Service in 1938, 35
March, General Peyton C., 169
Marksmanship training. See Training, military.
Marmon-Herrington Company, 318
Marshall, General of the Army George C., 34, 66, 73, 91, 185, 234, 238, 259, 261, 359, 385
Martin, Sgt. Hugh E., 129
Materials shortages. See Conservation of materials.
Matériel, foreign. See individual countries by name.
Matériel Command, AAF. See Army Air Forces.
Mayer, Joseph E., 226
McFarland, Brig. Gen. Earl, 84, 87-88, 98
McMahon, Col. Fred A., 105, 116
McNair, Lt. Gen. Lesley J.
on battle testing of equipment, 242-43
and self-propelled artillery, 238
McNarney, Lt. Gen. Joseph T., 516
McShane, Edward J., 226
Medical Department, 25
Metallic belt links. See Machine guns.
“Metalurgency,” 478n
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 379
Middletown Ordnance Depot, 61
Miles, Col. Francis H. Jr., 161
Military Appropriation Act of 1940, 67
Military Intelligence Division, WDGS. See War Department General Staff.
Military Plans and Training Service, 100, 116-17
Military Training Division. See Military Plans and Training Service.
Milwaukee Ordnance Plant, 492
Mine exploders, 387-94
Mines
antipersonnel, 380-87
British mines and mine exploders, 382, 385-86, 389-90, 393, 395
controlled underwater, 233, 394-400
German, 257, 380-87, 393, 395-96
Minton, Brig. Gen. Hugh C., 84, 94, 105, 307
Mississippi Ordnance Plant, 144
Mitchell, Brig. Gen. William L., 401
Mobility of ground weapons, 12, 275-323
Mobilization plans. See Industrial mobilization plans.
Mobilization Training Programs
MTP 9-1, 132-34
MTP 9-2, 139-40
MTP 9-3, 139-41
MTP 9-4, 139-40
MTP 21-3, 138
Mohaupt explosive. See Mohaupt, Henri; Shaped charge.
Moisture-vaporproof materials. See Preservative materials.
Moore, Maj. Gen. Richard C., 316
Moore, Lt. Col. Thomas, 103
Moore, Col. Wiley T., 357
Morgan, Maj. Clyde, 233
Morgan Ordnance Depot, 61
4.2-inch mortar, 347
73-mm. mortar, 179
81-mm. mortar, 322
914-mm. mortar (Little David), 3, 331-33, 347-48, 373, 517
Motor Transport Service. See Quartermaster Corps.
Motor vehicles. See Automotive vehicles; individual vehicles by name.
Mount Auconquilcha, Chile, 438
Mount Rainier Ordnance Depot, 127, 144
Mud sleds, 314
Munitions Assignments Board, 95
Munitions Board, Army and Navy. See Army and Navy Munitions Board.
Munitions Board, Ordnance Department. See Ordnance Munitions Board.
Munroe effect. See Shaped charge.
Muroc Army Air Base, California, 449, 470
Muskets, 14. See also Rifles.
Muzzle velocity, increase of, 326-28. See also Hypervelocity.
–N–
Nansemond Ordnance Depot. 38, 62, 144
National Academy of Sciences, 218, 231
National Automobile Dealers Association, 142-43
National Defense Act of 1916, 21n, 24n
National Defense Act of 1920, 30, 32, 45, 50-51, 189, 195, 203
National Defense Advisory Committee, 76
National Defense Research Committee, 219, 221, 223
controversy with Ordnance over development projects, 226-31, 266
and gun barrel erosion, 229, 415-16. 424
and high explosives, 367-68, 370
hypervelocity study by, 229-30, 348, 350, 372, 427
London branch of, 267
and mines, 398
and optical and fire control devices, 334, 336, 339, 344, 417, 420
and proximity fuze, 363-64, 465, 473
and rockets, 228, 354, 357-58, 360, 411, 436, 443, 449-50
and shaped charge, 511
and special training ammunition, 428
National Inventors Council, 223, 231
National Machine Tool Builders Association, 56
National Metal Trades Association, 160
National Recovery Act, 42n
National Research Council of Canada, 267
National Research Council of World War I, 232
Navajo Ordnance Depot, 154
Naval Ordnance Laboratory. See Navy Department.
Navy Department, 3, 24-25, 42, 50, 65, 76n, 159, 345, 351, 407, 508-09. See also Bombs.
allocation of plants by, 55
Bureau of Ordnance, 443, 453, 467
and controlled underwater mines, 394-400
machine guns and mounts for, 404
Naval Ordnance Laboratory, 233
and proximity fuze, 363-65
and rockets, 354, 357-59, 436, 443-44, 446-48
and shaped charge, 370
and tank engines, 203
20-mm. gun (Hispano-Suiza), 434
40-mm. gun (Bofors), 408-09, 410n
Nebraska Ordnance Works, 464
Neoprene (GR-M). See Conservation of materials, rubber.
New Cumberland General Depot, 38
New Development Division, WDGS. See War Department General Staff.
New York Procurement District, 55, 105
New York Times, The, 278
Night lighting
battlefield floodlighting, 513-14
to facilitate night driving, 272, 513
for fire control instruments, 339
Ninth Air Force, 448
Normoyle Field, Texas, 503
Normoyle Ordnance Depot, 127, 144
North African Armored Fighting Vehicles Meetings, 270
North American Aviation Company, 441
Nye Committee, 53
–O–
Office, Chief of Ordnance-Detroit, 96, 108-13, 118, 502
Office of Civilian Defense, 147-48
Office of Production Management, 90, 477, 495
Office of Scientific Research and Development, 230
Ogden Arsenal. See Ogden Ordnance Depot.
Ogden Ordnance Depot, 38, 60-64, 81
Oils, 508-10. See also Preservative materials.
Onandaga Pottery Company, 384
Onthank, A. Heath, 156-57
Optical devices. See Fire control and tracking devices.
Optical glass, 334-35. See also Fire control and tracking devices.
Ordnance Board, 18, [.33 ]See also Ordnance Department Board.
Ordnance Book of Standards, 34
Ordnance Committee
and bazooka, 359
cooperation with British Ordnance Board, 268
functions of, 5, 33-34, 84, 205, 221-22, 517
and 90-mm. gun directors, 419
renamed Ordnance Technical Committee, 221n
and tank tracks, 303-04
Ordnance Corps. See Ordnance Department.
Ordnance Department
decentralization of. 100, 106-14, 118
during World War I, 20-29
effect of creation of ASF on. 4. 90-95, 114-20
history before World War I, 14-20
mission during World War II, 3-13
organization of, functional versus product, 113, 119
organization 1919-1939, 32-40
organization 1940-1942, 84-90, 95-114
organization 1943-1945, 114-20
other relations with Army Service Forces. See Army Service Forces.
renamed Ordnance Corps, 3
and transfer of Motor Transport Service from Quartermaster Corps, 100, 108, 110, 113, 127, 144, 152, 203-04, 481, 499, 501-02
–O–
Ordnance Department Board, 103, 116-17. See also Ordnance Board.
Ordnance Munitions Board, 37, 50
Ordnance Provision System, 38
Ordnance Replacement Training Centers. See Replacement Training Centers.
Ordnance Salvage Board, 60
Ordnance School, The. See Schools, Ordnance School (Aberdeen).
Ordnance Sergeant, The, 129
Ordnance Soldier’s Guide, 138
Ordnance Technical Committee. See Ordnance Committee.
Ordnance Technical Intelligence Units, 239, 273-74. See also Intelligence, technical.
Ordnance Training Center, The, 110. See also Training, military.
Ordnance Unit Training Centers. See Unit Training Centers.
Organization of Ordnance Department. See Ordnance Department.
Outland, Col. George W., 127-28, 135
–P–
Packaging materials and methods. See Preservative materials.
Paints, 507, 509-10. See also Preservative materials.
Panama Ordnance Depot, 38, 152
Paracrates, 321-22
Parkinson, D. B., 420
Parts Control Division, 100-103
Patterson, Robert P., 91, 93, 490
Patton, Lt. Gen. George S., Jr., 421
Pederson, John D., 175-76, 176n
Pennell, Col. Ralph McT., 169n
Penniman Ordnance Depot, 61
Periscopes. See Telescopes.
Perry, J. L.. 59
Pershing, General of the Armies John J., 25-26, 46
Personnel, civilian. See also Training, civilian.
conservation of manpower, 160-61
employee relations, 164-67
increase in, 1938-1945, 9, 84, 88, 152-53
influence of ASF on Ordnance personnel policies, 158-61
peak number in World War II, 9, 164
struggle with War Department for delegated authority, 156-58, 168
Personnel, military. See also Training, military.
during World War I, 22-23, 23n
Pew, Walter C., 159
Philadelphia Procurement District, 36, 57, 105
Philippine Insurrection, 18
Philippine Ordnance Depot, 38, 152
basic research in metallurgy and explosives at, 172-73, 218-19, 367-68
civilian personnel at, 158, 160, 162-63, 165
establishment of, 16
and land mines, 381-86
and photoflash bombs, 469
and rockets, 360
study of foreign weapons at, 352
Pistols, 17-18
Pittsburgh Procurement District, 57, 105, 160
Plant allocation system. See also Industrial mobilization plans.
effects of lend-lease on, 76
plant surveys by districts, 50, 55-56
Pomona Ordnance Depot, 144
Portage Ordnance Depot, 81
Powder. See Propellants.
Preservative materials, 6, 8, 505-07, 514
for automotive matériel, 509-10
oils, greases, and plastics, 508-10
painting and plating, 507, 509-10
Pressed Steel Car Company, 78, 318
Prime movers, 313. See also Half-tracks; Tractors; Trucks.
Priorities, 24-25, 25n, 50, 76, 76n
Prisoners of war, employment of at depots, 154
Procurement districts. See District offices.
Procurement planning. See Industrial mobilization plans; Industrial Service.
Production studies. See Industrial mobilization plans.
Projectiles
armor-piercing (AP), 371-72
armor-piercing-capped (APC), 372
canister, 370-71
chemical, 371
high-explosive, 175
high-explosive antitank (HEAT), 369-70
hypervelocity armor-piercing (HVAP), 237, 372-73
for recoilless rifles, 352
redesign of shape of, 174-75, 370
shaped charge. See Shaped charge.
Westervelt Board recommendations on, 169-70
Propellants, 351-52. See also High explosives.
black powder, 18
development of, 1919-1940, 172-73
double-base powder, 173, 353-54
Mohaupt explosive, 212-13
powder storage problems, 172-73
for rockets, 353-55
smokeless powder, 18, 75, 173, 350
Protective mobilization plans. See Industrial mobilization plans.
Proving grounds, 87. See also Aberdeen Proving Ground; Erie Proving Ground; General Motors Proving Ground.
Public Works Administration (PWA), 31, 42n
Pullman-Standard Company, 78
Purveyor of Public Supplies, 14
Pyrotechnics, 468-70. See also Bombs.
–Q–
Quartermaster Corps, 120
Motor Transport Service, 100, 108, 110, 113, 127, 144, 152, 203-04, 481, 499, 501-02
and transfer of automotive schools to Ordnance, 100, 127, 144
Quinn, Col. Horace A., 269, 436
Quinton, Maj. Gen. Alfred B., Jr., 56, 79, 90, 98-99. 105
–R–
Radford Ordnance Works, 162, 352
Raritan Arsenal, 38, 61-62, 73, 122, 141, 144
Red River Ordnance Depot, 139, 144, 146
Reed, Col. C. Wingate, 117, 142
Reed, Col. Frank F., 270-71
Reimel, Brig. Gen. Stewart E., 111-12
Remington Arms Company, 430
Remote control devices. See Fire control and tracking devices.
Replacement Training Centers. See also Training, military.
Camp Santa Anita, California, 135, 144, 144n
Requirements, 6. See also Industrial mobilization plans.
Research advisory committees, 232
Research and Development Board, Department of National Defense, 231
Research and Development Board, Joint Army-Navy, 231
Research and Development Service, 6, 225. See also Technical Staff.
budgetary restrictions on, 1919-1940, 195, 204-08, 324-25
collaboration with Allied Nations, 267-74
determination of military characteristics and types of weapons by, 18, 21, 29, 256-59
establishment of, 85, 96, 98, 117
organization of, 1940-1945, 85, 96, 98, 117, 220-26, 448
relations with civilian agencies, 226-32
relations with military agencies, 232-39
relations with theaters of operations, 239
unresolved problems of, 511-17
Research Board for National Security, 231
Revolutionary War, 14
Revolvers, 17-18
Rheinmetall Company, 182
Richards, Maj. Gen. D. J. R., 390
bolt action, adoption of, 18
breech-loading, 17-18
Browning automatic (BAR), 74, 512-13
Enfield, 74-75
Garand, 58-59, 69, 175-77, 347, 483, 513
Krag-Jorgensen, 18
muzzle-loading, 17-18
Pedersen, development work by, 175-77
percussion musket, 17
recoilless, 229, 244, 322, 330-31, 338, 352
semiautomatic (M1). See Garand.
Springfield 1903, 18-19, 74, 177
tapered bore, 348-49
Robinson, Col. Clinton F., 91
Rockenhack, Brig. Gen. Samuel D., 195
Rockets, 223, 511. See also Guided missiles.
aircraft rockets and launchers, 436-39, 443-50
bazooka rockets and launchers, 213-14, 242n, 328-30, 338, 355-63, 369, 443
British cooperation in development of, 269, 357, 402, 411-12, 437, 443-44
cooperation of other agencies in development of, 228, 355-59, 411-12, 436, 443-50
exchange of information with USSR, 273
ground rockets and launchers, 244, 352, 402, 411, 413, 436, 445. See also bazooka rockets and launchers.
HVAR, 448-50
multiple launchers, 330
Ordnance conflict with NDRC over development of, 228
projectile design, 347, 352-53
propellants for, 353-55
Rocket Development Branch, 117, 448-49
SUNFLOWER SEED, 437
Rock Island Arsenal, 6-7, 16, 36, 38, 60, 107, 162-63, 187, 211, 322, 404
Röhm, Capt. Ernst, 247
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 4, 31, 48-49, 54, 58, 65, 69, 73, 78-79, 95, 218, 422
Rossford Ordnance Depot, 367
Royal Air Force, British, 453-54, 463, 470
Rubber. See Conservation of materials, rubber.
Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von, 366
Russell, Lt. Col. Everett P., 103
Russian matériel. See Soviet matériel.
Rust-preventive materials. See Preservative materials.
–S–
Safety programs at Ordnance installations, 161
Salvage Board, Ordnance Department, 60
San Antonio Arsenal, 38, 60, 127
Sandy Hook Ordnance Depot, 61
Savanna Ordnance Depot, 38, 60-64, 81, 127, 141
Sayler, Brig. Gen. Henry B., 236
Schedules of Production, 55-56
Schenectady General Depot, 38
Schools, 22-23, 87. See also Training, military.
Bomb Disposal School, 147-49
Field Service School, 61, 122-23, 128
Officer Candidate School, 121, 127, 129-31
Ordnance School (Aberdeen), 100, 122-31
Ordnance Specialist School, Raritan Arsenal, 38, 122-23
Ordnance Specialist School, Watertown Arsenal, 122
Scientific Advisory Council, 226
Seacoast defense batteries, fire control for, 343-45
Secretary of War, 4, 16, 23, 53-54, 196, 207. 315
civilian personnel policies of, 156, 158-59
on conflict over design of and types of weapons, 21-22
and educational orders, 57-58, 58n
opposition to private munitions industry, 18-19, 19n
and Ordnance storage problem at end of World War I, 37, 60
and rearmament program of 1925, 46
on standardization versus search for ideal weapons, 177
Selective Service Act of 1940, 123-24, 131, 133, 149
Seleen, Lt. Col. Paul M., 77, 103-04
Self-propelled artillery, 12
development of, 1919-1940, 201, 203-04
Ordnance controversy with using services over value of, 203-04, 238-39, 314-17, 327
twin 40-mm. guns on M24 tank chassis, 410-11
Westervelt Board recommendations on, 170, 203
width and weight limitations imposed by Engineer Corps, 235
75-mm. gun on M24 tank chassis, 411
76-mm. tank destroyer M18, 320
90-mm. gun motor carriage M36, 327
Seneca Ordnance Depot, 144
Services of Supply, 4, 91n. See also Army Service Forces.
Seven Pines Ordnance Depot, 61
Seventh Air Force, 465
Shaped charge, 273, 328-29, 351, 353, 356-61, 368-70, 373, 511
and bombs, 467
Shoe plates, 314
Shortages of materials. See Conservation of materials.
Shugg, Brig. Gen. Roland P., 516
Sighting equipment for armored vehicles, 340-42. See
also Fire control and tracking devices.
Signal Corps, 21, 25, 180, 345n, 420
and binoculars, 336
conflict with Ordnance over development responsibility, 235
and electric directors, 420
and proximity fuzes, 465
Simon, Brig. Gen. Leslie E., 226. 517
Simpson, Brig. Gen. Bethel W., 135
Skid pans, 314
Skinner, Col. Leslie A., 355-57, 444
Slaughter, Col. W. R., 139
Small arms ammunition, 11, 75. See also Grenades;
Rockets; Small Arms Ammunition Suboffice.
armor-piercing, 405-07, 430-32, 438, 482-83
clad-steel bullet jackets, 429, 493-94
development of, 1919-1940, 172-75
incendiary, 273. 405-07, 430-32, 438
increased velocity of, 348-50
shortage of tungsten for, 482-83
special training, 428-30
steel cartridge cases, 480. 488-89, 491-93
storage and renovation of, 39, 60, 62-64, 172-73
Small Arms Ammunition Suboffice, Industrial Service, 107
Small arms weapons, 3, 11, 74. See also Bazooka; Machine guns; Pistols; Revolvers; Rifles; Rockets.
Society of Automotive Engineers
and conservation of materials, 478. 485
Ordnance Advisory Committee, 232, 276
War Engineering Board, 265, 485, 509
Somers, Brig. Gen. Richard H., 88, 98-99, 454
Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B., 4, 145, 316, 516
conflict with General Burns, 95
and creation of ASF, effect on Ordnance, 91-94, 103-04, 119, 234
on decentralization within technical services, 108
and manpower conservation, 160
and transfer of Motor Transport Service to Ordnance. 108
Soviet matériel. 514
Russo-German research collaboration, 249-50
study of, at Aberdeen Proving Ground, 273-74
75.2-mm. gun, 274
Spanish-American War, 18
Spanish Civil War, 178, 184. 193, 208, 211
establishment of Parts Control Division, 98, 100-102
General Motors report on, 101-02
lack of, in World War I, 23
Spare Parts Board, 101-02
Sparta Ordnance Depot, 60-61
Special Armored Vehicle Board, 316
Special Observer Group, sent to London in 1941, 267-68
Speer, Albert, 256
Sperry Gyroscope Company, 162, 417-19
Springfield Armory
civilian employees at, 43, 160, 165-66
establishment of, 14
and small arms weapons, 6, 16, 17n, 58-59, 59n, 175-76, 347, 422-23, 425, 439
storage of machine tools at, 60
study of enemy weapons by, 264
Springfield Procurement District, 105
Springfield Trade School, 366
Standard Nomenclature Lists, 9, 34, 38
Standardization of equipment, 17, 177-78, 202, 239-45, 516. See also Ordnance Committee.
Steese, Col. Charles M., 90, 99
Stevenson, Alexander R., 134n
St. Louis Procurement District, 105, 107
Stimson, Henry L., 234-35, 238
Storage. See also Depots; Field Service.
of ammunition, 39, 60-64, 172-73
of machine tools, 60-61
Strategic Air Forces in Europe, 429
Strategic raw materials. See Conservation of materials.
Stratemeyer, Maj. Gen. G. E., 445
Studler, Col. Rene R., 208, 210, 212, 242
Submachine guns. See Machine guns.
Submarine Mine Depot, Fort Monroe, Virginia, 233, 394, 396-400
Submarine mines. See Mines, controlled underwater.
Summerall, General Charles P., 192, 202
SUNFLOWER SEED, 437. See also Rockets.
Surveyor of Ordnance, 14
Swedish matériel, 408-10
Swiss matériel, 433
–T–
Tank-Automotive Center. See Office, Chief of Ordnance-Detroit.
Tank Board, 198
Tank Destroyer Board, 335
Tank Destroyer Center. See Tank Destroyer Command.
Tank Destroyer Command, 238, 316
Tank destroyers, 237, 314-16, 320. See also Self-propelled artillery.
Tank engines, 197, 202-03, 287-90
Chrysler A-57 multi-bank, 293-96
Ford GAA, 298-301
gasoline versus diesel, 296-98
General Motors 6046 diesel, 291-93
Wright Continental R-975, 290-91
Tanks, 7, 74-76, 78, 205, 211-12, 275-76, 512. See also Tank engines.
AGF controversy with Ordnance over heavy tanks, 236-39, 269, 278-87, 512
Anglo-American Tank Commission, 189
British collaboration in design of, 268-69
Christie or convertible type, 199-200
comparison of American and German, 13, 212. 250-56, 278-87, 328, 514
conservation of materials in, 481-82, 484-85, 494
development program, 1919-1940, 194-203
doctrine and policy statements, 1919-1940, 189-94, 211, 236-39, 250-52, 257
fires in, causes of, 293
gyrostabilizers for, 342-43, 515
heavy, 195-96, 236-39, 269, 278-87, 512
light, 196-98
medium, 198-203, 236-39, 278-87
night lighting equipment for, 272, 513-14
sighting equipment for, 340-42
trackless, 258
United States Tank Committee, 269
width and weight limitations, 194-96, 235, 278
Tapered bore guns, 229, 328, 348-50
Technical Division, 98. See also Research and Development Service; Technical Staff.
Technical intelligence. See Intelligence, technical.
Technical Staff, 33-35, 84-85, 88, 209, 222-23. See also Research and Development Service.
Telescopes, 334-37, 340-42, 419
Tenth Air Force, 429
Theatres of operations
introduction of new weapons in, 243-44
Research and Development Service coordination with, 239
Tires
high flotation, 312-13
rayon cord for, 504
repairing and recapping, 499
synthetic rubber, 498-505
tests of on Alaska Highway, 503
tests of at Camp Shilo, Manitoba, 503
for trucks. 502-05
Tizard Mission, 267, 363, 367, 420
Tobyhanna Ordnance Depot, 61
Toledo Ordnance Depot, 61
TORCH, 444
Tracking devices. See Fire control and tracking devices.
Tracks, 512
conservation of rubber in, 480, 499, 502
pins for, 308-10
profiles of, 304-06
steel versus rubber, 306-08
synthetic rubber, 502
wide tracks and extension devices, 301-04
development of, 1919-1940, 203-04
for loading bombs at air bases, 63
low-speed commercial, 235
for towing artillery, 170, 172, 203-04, 276
Westervelt Board recommendations on, 170-72
Training, civilian, 9-10, 161-64. See also Personnel, civilian.
Training, military, 38-39, 149-50, 515. See also Replacement Training Centers; Schools; Unit Training Centers.
affiliated units, 10, 141-43, 146-47
bomb disposal, 147-49
at civilian trade schools and factory schools, 126-27
during World War I, 22-23, 23n
marksmanship, against high-speed targets, 146, 427-30
marksmanship, rifle, 135, 138, 145-46
Mobilization Training Programs, 132-34, 138-41
1920-1940, 221-25
officer candidate, 129-31
plans for in 1940, 123-24
technical Ordnance training, 8-10, 124-29
transfer of automotive schools from Quartermaster, 100, 127, 144
Training Company, 40th, 123-25
Training Within Industry Service, 10, 163-65, 168
Transport vehicles, 275-77, 325. See also individual items by name.
“transportation Corps, 9
“Tremendous Trifles,” 478n
Trichel, Col. Gervais W., 260, 269, 448-49
Trucks, 3-4, 11, 23, 60, 275-78, 325, 512. See also Flotation; Tires.
airborne, 322-23
for bomb loading at air bases, 63
conservation of steel in, 480-81, 484, 487
for towing artillery, 203-04
transfer of Motor Transport Service from Quartermaster, 100, 108, 110, 113, 127, 144, 152, 203-04, 481, 499, 501-02
Westervelt Board recommendations on, 170-72
Tschappat, Maj. Gen. William H., 40, 206-07, 231
Tullytown Ordnance Depot, 61
Tuve, Merle A., 363
Twin Cities Ordnance Plant, 492
–U–
Uhl, 2nd Lt. Edward G., 269, 357-58
Umatilla Ordnance Depot, 81
Under Secretary of War, 4, 77-78, 90-91, 93
and conservation of materials, 477, 479, 489-90, 495
and Ordnance unit training, 145
and tank tracks, 307
Unit Training Centers
Aberdeen, 100, 124, 140-41, 146
Holabird, 144
Pomona, 144
United Shoe Machinery Company, 414, 436
United States Employment Service, 153
United States Steel Corporation, 73
United States Steel Export Company, 75
United States Strategic Bombing Survey, 472
United States Tank Committee, 269
University of Pennsylvania, 226
USSR matériel. See Soviet matériel.
–V–
Veblen, Oswald, 226
Visual training aids, 128-29, 132, 145
–W–
Wadsworth, Col. Decius, 15, 17
Wagner, Col. Herman U., 140
Wallace, Henry A., 490
War Council, 26
War Department, 24. See also War Department General Staff.
Civilian Personnel Division, 156-59, 168
Orders “N,” 157-58
reorganization of 1920, effect on Ordnance, 32
reorganization of 1942, effect on Ordnance, 4, 90-95
Special Observer Group, 261
War Department General Staff, 6, 37, 46, 77-78, 514. See also Chief of Staff; General Staff College.
and airborne tank, 318
and budgetary restrictions on Ordnance research, 204-08
direction of Ordnance activities, extent of, 4-6, 91
and expenditures and appropriations, 48, 67, 205
and guided missiles, 234
mobilization planning by, 47-48, 51, 53-54
New Development Division, 233-34, 243-44
on standardization versus search for ideal weapon, 177-78
tank doctrine and policy, 1919-1940, 189-94, 198, 256-57
and tank engines, 296-98
and technical intelligence reports on enemy equipment, 208, 214-15, 239, 260-63, 266-68
and training, 123-124, 133-34, 139, 141
on 37-mm. antitank gun, 184
on 105-mm. howitzer, 186-87
War of 1812, 16
War Industries Board, 25
War Manpower Commission, 153. See also Training Within Industry Service.
War Policies Commission, 52
War Production Board, 6, 477, 483, 504
War reserves. See Industrial mobilization plans.
War Resources Board, 65
War Supplies Limited, 269
Washington Post, The, 278
Watertown Arsenal
artillery development at, 180, 407
limited funds for, 42
metallurgical research by, 218-19, 264, 377, 476, 482-83
Watervliet Arsenal
history of, 1919-1940, 36, 42-43
labor shortage during World War II, 154
and 20-mm. gun (Hispano Suiza), 434
and 37-mm. gun, 407
Webster, David L., 226
Wesson, Maj. Gen. Charles M., 54, 69, 104, 207
appointment as Chief of Ordnance, 40
and civilian personnel policies, 156-58
eleven o’clock conferences of, 87
and lend-lease, 73
succeeded by General Campbell, 95
views on training, 123, 125, 133, 142
Washington staff of, 84-85, 87-88, 100-101, 220, 222
Westervelt, Brig. Gen. William I., 43, 43n, 169-72, 169n, 170n. See also Westervelt Board.
Westervelt Board, 28, 40, 169-73, 175, 178, 180, 182, 186, 188-89, 191-92, 203-05, 221-22, 325-26, 516
White, Col. Herbert, 103
Whitlock, George E., 478n
Whitney, Eli, 15
Wilcox Act, 63
Willard, Arthur C., 134n
Williams, Col. Allison R., 390, 394
Williams. Brig. Gen. Clarence C., 26, 29, 32, 40, 43-44, 46, 175, 185, 208, 221, 230-31
Wilson, Col. W. I., 140
Winchester Repeating Arms Company, 58, 59n
Wingate Ordnance Depot, 38, 61, 81, 90, 154
Woodbury Ordnance Depot, 61
Woodring, Harry H., 53
Woods Company, S. A., 58
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 31
World War I, 11, 11n, 20-29, 32, 51, 57, 61, 125
Wright Field. See Army Air Forces, Matériel Command.
Wurlitzer, Rudolph, Company, 399
–Y–
York Safe and Lock Company, 392