Index
–A–
A-36s: 120, 120n, 261, 342, 344, 346, 401, 403
Acate (Dirillo) River: 97, 99, 100, 101, 117, 118, 135, 135n, 142, 143, 164, 171, 190, 206, 208
ACCOLADE: 436
ACHSE, Plan: 287-88, 291, 307, 473, 523
Acqualadrone: 414
Acquarone, Duke Pietro: 41, 42, 43, 264, 265, 266, 268, 281, 441, 454, 466, 479, 480, 511, 547
Adrano: 235, 319, 327, 341, 357
Adriatic ports: 24
Aegean Islands: 12, 17, 32, 492, 514, 534
Aerial bombardment. See Air attacks, Allied; Air attacks, Axis.
Aerial navigation, Allied: 423-24
Aerial photographs: 99, 101, 493, 536
Aerial reconnaissance. See Air reconnaissance, Allied; Air reconnaissance, Axis.
Aerial resupply missions: 101, 344
AFHQ. See Allied Force Headquarters. Africa. See North Africa.
Agrigento: 86, 125, 192, 194, 200, 202, 209, 224, 226-30, 235, 238, 418, 419
Air attacks, Allied: 23, 72, 110, 136, 197, 205, 240, 269, 296, 298, 299, 342n, 344, 346, 352, 379, 382, 385, 400, 401, 402, 438, 439, 447, 473, 477, 501
against Frascati: 522-23
on Messina Strait: 410, 411-12
and Palermo advance: 320
on Pantelleria: 70-72
on Rome: 24-25, 250, 278, 279, 292, 442
and Sicilian invasion: 54, 58-59, 83, 88, 106-07, 111
Air attacks, Axis: 89, 159, 174, 177, 318n, 362, 403, 518, 533
Air bases, Allied: 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25
Air forces, Allied: 157, 175-76, 177-78, 278, 320, 382. See also Air plan, Sicilian invasion.
and air support failure: 421
and evacuation of Sicily by Axis: 379, 380-81
Air losses, Allied: 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 218, 423
Air losses, Axis: 46-47, 189, 189n, 240, 243
Air operations, Allied: 5, 6, 12, 14, 17, 59, 70, 261, 320, 378, 379, 380-81, 420. See also Air attacks, Allied; Air support, Allied; Airborne operations, Allied; Airdrops, Allied.
Air patrols, U.S.: 120n
Air plan, Sicilian invasion: 106-07, 421. See also Air operations, Allied.
Air power, Allied: 15, 21, 59, 106, 213, 320, 460-61
Air power, Axis: 32, 106. See also Air losses, Axis.
Air protection, Allied. See Air support, Allied.
Air raids. See Air attacks, Allied; Air attacks, Axis.
Air reconnaissance, Allied: 155, 325, 331
Air reconnaissance, Axis: 46, 110, 120, 473, 522, 536
Air support, Allied: 69, 106, 260, 261, 262, 320, 343, 421, 494, 506. See also Air attacks, Allied.
for D-day landings: 119-20
in Monte Cipolla action: 399, 401, 405
Air Support Command, U.S., XII: 107, 320, 401, 402, 421
Airacobras (P-39’s): 261
Airborne drops. See Airdrops, Allied.
Airborne operations, Allied. See also Air operations, Allied.
in Italian mainland invasion: 477-78, 482, 483. See also GIANT II. in Sicilian Campaign: 269-270, 553. See also Airdrops, Allied.
and Allied antiaircraft disaster: 175-84
British missions: 115, 117, 218, 380
and corridor to Sicily: 175-76
FUSTIAN: 218
tactical planning for: 88-89, 92-94, 101-02, 485-89, 498-99
Airborne operations, German: 204, 424
Airborne Training Center, Fifth Army: 424
Airborne troops, British: 92, 115, 117, 121, 380, 423. See also British Army units, Division, 1st Airborne.
Airborne units, U.S.: 478, 480, 498-99. See also Parachute Infantry units, U.S.; Paratroopers, U.S.
Division, 82nd: 91, 93, 94, 98, 102, 152n, 230, 231, 245, 249, 252, 305, 422, 424, 477, 505, 508, 509. See also Ridgway, Maj. Gen. Matthew B.
importance of, in Sicily: 92
Battalions
80th Airborne Antiaircraft: 498, 499
307th Airborne Engineer Battalion: 498
Aircraft, Allied: 73, 107, 117n, 147n, 175, 411n, 418. See also Air losses, Allied; individual types of planes.
attack friendly forces: 195
attacked by friendly antiaircraft: 175-84, 218, 423
Aircraft, Axis: 83, 166, 177n, 212, 320, 360, 403, 457, 513, 533. See also Air losses, Axis.
Aircraft carriers, U.S.: 69, 261
Airdrops, Allied: 207, 218, 380, 535. See also Airborne operations, Allied; GIANT II.
and Allied antiaircraft disaster: 176, 177-78, 179, 182
Italy: 47, 261, 439, 440, 457, 460, 468, 478, 483, 486, 486n, 494, 500, 502, 505, 522
and GIANT II: 485, 486, 488, 489
Magliano: 486
Sicily: 52, 53, 53n, 54, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 80, 83, 84, 89, 91, 96, 98, 107, 108, 135, 261, 320
Biscari: 96, 98, 100, 141, 147, 206, 220
Comiso: 96, 98, 100, 141, 142, 156, 189, 189n, 320
Gerbini: 216
Ponte Olivo: 98, 100, 101, 135, 147, 164, 165, 174n, 185, 187, 320
ALARICH, Plan: 50-51, 75, 213, 241, 282, 283, 284, 288, 291
Albermarles, British: 115
Alexander, General Sir Harold R. L. G.: 10, 23, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 89, 91, 94, 108, 197, 200, 201, 201n, 206, 207, 209n, 222, 224, 231, 234-35, 235n, 248, 257, 304n, 319, 378, 379, 406, 412, 417, 420, 421, 474, 476, 477, 478, 484, 485, 489, 507, 549
directives: 209-10, 230, 234-35, 245-46, 303-04
and Seventh Army: 209-11, 230, 235-36, 245-46, 304, 422-23
on U.S. troops: 56, 210n, 211, 422
Alexander, Maj. Mark: 117
Alexandria: 52
Alfieri, Ambassador Dino: 242, 243, 286
Algiers: 56, 102, 108, 421, 437, 463, 509
Algiers Conference: 23-25, 61-62, 436
Allen, Maj. Gen. Terry de la Mesa: 95, 99, 108, 136, 139, 158, 159, 165, 173-74, 174n, 185, 222, 223, 231, 249, 302, 311-12, 313, 320, 331, 333, 340, 342, 343, 346, 347, 348, 426
and Nicosia attack: 314
and Troina action: 336-37, 338, 339, 341
Allied Force Headquarters (AFHQ): 5, 8, 11, 22n, 55, 56, 66, 67, 68, 176, 183, 206, 258, 259-60, 262, 263, 274, 275, 278, 427, 429, 431, 436, 437, 440, 444, 449, 459, 480, 489, 494, 495, 496, 498, 502, 502n, 503, 504, 505, 508, 510, 512, 513, 516-17, 519, 520, 521, 532, 535, 540, 541, 546. See also Eisenhower, General Dwight D.; Planners, Allied, AFHQ. Alpine passes: 370
Ambrosio, Generale d’Armata Vittorio: 36n, 38, 44, 45, 51, 78, 281, 282, 285, 287, 289, 293, 294, 296, 368, 451, 452, 458, 460, 462, 470, 471, 482, 484, 490, 491, 493, 494n, 497, 503, 506, 506n, 509, 512, 514, 516, 517, 524, 542, 549
absence from Rome: 494, 495, 496
and armistice negotiations: 441, 453, 454, 455, 464, 465, 466, 467, 479, 480, 481, 510, 511, 515
and Axis command structure: 472-73
as Comando Supremo chief: 35-36
at Feltre conference: 242, 243, 244
and German military aid to Italy: 47-49, 74, 74-75
and German troop movements into Italy: 290, 291, 292, 372, 373
and Mussolini: 41-42, 212, 214, 215, 240-41, 263, 264
at Tarvis conference: 370
Ammunition, Italian: 81, 298, 480, 500
Ammunition supply, U.S.: 398, 399, 403, 486
Amphibious operations, Allied: 436, 491, 501
Italian mainland: 535, 542. See also Salerno landings.
against Naples, planned: 260, 261-63
Axis speculation concerning: 493-94, 500
scheduling of: 490
Sicilian Campaign: 161n, 237, 380, 411, 412, 421, 553
air protection for: 119-20, 261, 262
Axis anticipation of: 45, 64, 84, 86-87
at Bivio Salica: 406, 407, 413-14, 415
in San Fratello action: 348, 349n, 352, 357, 360, 361-63, 366-67
improvements and techniques in: 103-05
tactical planning for: 53-54, 58, 59, 60-63, 66, 88-89, 91-92, 96-100, 103-07, 135-36, 406, 408, 413-14
Task Force Bernard: 388-97, 404-405
Amphibious truck. See Dukws. Amphibious warfare: 104-05. See also Amphibious operations.
Ancona: 470
Andrea Doria: 533
Andrus, Brig. Gen. Clift: 313, 331, 336, 339
Ankcorn, Col. Charles M.: 141, 142, 145, 190, 206, 208, 209, 219-20, 321, 415
Antiaircraft, Allied: 102, 131, 175-84, 185, 218, 423, 499
Antiaircraft defense, Axis: 47, 74, 76, 79, 82, 117, 117n, 263, 284, 375-76, 380-81, 412, 485, 486, 488-89
Anti-Fascists, Italian: 40, 42, 263, 264, 265
Antitank companies, U.S.: 160, 167, 188
Antitank defenses, Italian, on Sicily: 79
Apennines: 213, 215, 368, 439, 442, 497, 512
Appian Way: 500
ARCADIA Conference: 2
Arisio, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Mario: 84, 471, 534
Arezzo: 470
Armed Forces Command, Sicily: 76
Armistice, Italo-Allied: 25, 539. See also Surrender of Italy.
announcement of: 447, 448, 459, 465, 467, 474, 475, 476, 479, 489, 490, 491, 492, 494, 495, 496, 499, 501, 503-04, 505-08, 508-09, 513, 515, 516-17, 519-20, 522, 523, 524
British-American discussion of: 269, 271-74, 275-78
Eisenhower’s draft: 270-71, 276
Italian discussion of: 465-68, 479-81
orders and directives following: 514-15
renunciation moves by Italy: 501-02, 506-07, 510-12
signing. See under Long terms; Short terms. terms. See Long terms; Short terms.
Armistice, Italo-German. See Capitulation; Truce.
Armistice control commission, Allied, proposed: 544, 545
Armored force, German: 169. See also Tanks, German.
Armored support, U.S.: 129, 135, 146, 153, 158, 159, 163, 174n, 418. See also Tank units, U.S.; Tanks, U.S.
Armored units, U.S.: 155, 226, 226n, 363, 478, 480. See also Combat Commands; Tank units.
Division, 1st Armored: 96
Division, 2nd Armored: 94, 97-98, 158, 174n, 230, 231, 245, 253, 254, 255, 305, 306n, 418, 422. See also Combat Commands.
characterized: 95-96
landing of: 157-58
and Palermo strike: 252
Regiment, 67th Armored: 159, 174n
Army, U.S. and Air Forces: 106
infantryman’s performance: 417-18
Army, Fifth, U.S.: 15, 67, 68, 262, 482, 498, 505, 552
Army, Seventh, U.S.: 89, 92, 101, 102, 108, 135, 176, 185-201, 205, 206, 230-36, 275, 304, 304n, 308, 309, 320, 380, 390, 401, 406, 408, 414, 417n, 422. See also Patton, General George S., Jr.
Agrigento as objective of: 224, 226
and Allied antiaircraft attack disaster: 176-82
Axis counterattack on. See Counterattacks, Axis.
and Eighth Army: 89, 91, 206-07, 209-11, 234-36, 388-89, 413-14
and Palermo advance: 244-54
and Messina peninsula drive: 304, 319, 388-89, 417, 420
tactical plans for: 89, 91, 96-100, 209-10, 235-46, 420
Army Ground Forces: 424. See also Ground forces, Allied.
Army Groups, Allied
15: 56, 89, 119, 195, 210, 319
18: 56
Arnold, Lt. Gen. Henry H.: 3
Arsoli: 524
Artillery superiority, Allied: 73
Artillery support, Axis: 127, 128, 131, 133, 137, 139, 159, 188, 196, 198, 199, 228, 230, 255, 300, 301-02, 313, 317, 318, 321, 325, 333, 337, 338, 339, 340, 343, 353, 402, 516
Artillery support, U.S.: 129, 135, 146, 153, 158, 159, 160, 163, 167n, 168, 170, 187, 199, 222, 224, 226-27, 230, 232, 302n, 313, 313n, 317, 317n, 321, 322, 330, 337, 339, 346, 348, 352, 353. See also Field artillery units.
evaluated: 418
at Monte Cipolla: 389, 393-94, 396, 397, 399, 400
in Troina battle: 331, 333, 334, 340, 342
Assault, Allied. See Amphibious operations. Assault plans: 125, 135-36. See also Tactical planning, Allied; Tactical planning, Axis.
Assoro: 248
Athens: 514
Atlantic Wall: 76
Augusta: 54, 58, 61, 89, 91, 92, 111, 123, 163, 191, 240. See also Naval Base Augusta-Syracuse.
Austrians: 533
AVALANCHE. See Naples; Salerno; Salerno landings.
Avola: 92
Axis. See Feltre conference; Italo-German alliance; Strategic planning, Axis; Tactical planning, Axis.
–B–
B-24s: 376
B-25s: 412
B-26s: 412
Baade, Col. Ernst Guenther: 82, 236, 375-76, 381
Badoglio, Mario: 299
Badoglio, Maresciallo d’Italia Pietro: 29, 31n, 268, 271, 273, 276, 281n, 291, 293, 295, 295n, 306, 371, 373, 440, 441, 445, 449, 454, 455, 458, 459, 460, 462, 465-66, 468, 470, 473, 475, 476, 483n, 494, 495, 496, 499, 504, 505, 514, 515n, 519, 520, 522, 524, 525, 528
and American mission to Rome: 501-02
and armistice negotiations: 443, 444, 447, 448, 453, 454, 455, 466, 467-68, 483, 484, 506-07, 508, 510, 511, 512-13, 515, 516-17, 543, 546, 548-49
described by Mason-MacFarlane: 542
and Eisenhower: 535, 540, 541, 543, 545, 546, 549-51
and evacuation of Rome: 516, 517, 528
and Germany: 284-85, 547, 548, 551, 553
government of: 264-65, 266-67, 272, 275, 278, 281, 283, 296-99, 368, 369, 453, 469, 472, 482, 483, 484, 485, 490, 491, 493, 503, 506, 507, 508, 535, 536, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 547, 548, 550. See also Armistice, Italo-Allied.
and Hitler: 283, 286, 287, 292, 294-95, 470, 497
ineffectualness of: 464, 512-13, 515, 527
at Malta conference: 549-51
reassurances to Germans: 284-85
Bagni Acque Albule: 526
Balearic Islands: 46
Balkans: 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 21, 23, 24, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 38, 45, 46, 47, 49, 65, 213, 259, 261, 271, 298, 370, 436, 437, 438, 439, 447, 451, 452, 453, 457, 463, 472, 473, 491, 492, 514, 535
Barbieri, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Alberto: 289, 528
Bardonecchia: 442
BARCLAY, Plan: 65
Bari: 16
Barnett: 177
BARRACUDA: 448
Barrage balloons, Allied: 110
Bastianini, Giuseppe: 39, 41, 239, 242, 243
Battleships, Allied: 89
Battleships, Italian. See Italian Fleet.
Bauer, Mrs. Magna: 170n
Bay of Naples: 261
BAYTOWN: 260, 440, 448, 482, 483, 490, 520
Bazookas: 137, 137n, 167, 171, 172, 188, 396
Beach parties: 160, 393. See also Shore parties.
Beaches, landing. See also Beachheads.
Sicilian: 97, 104-05, 161n, 169, 177, 256. See also BLUE Beach; BLUE Beach 2; GREEN Beach; GREEN Beach 2; RED Beach; RED Beach 2; YELLOW Beach; YELLOW Beach 2.
at Monte Cipolla: 393
quality of: 99, 141-42, 144-45
Beachheads, Allied: 123, 163, 202, 211. See also Beaches, landing.
in Italy, 552
Monte Cipolla: 393, 397, 398, 400, 402
Seventh Army (Sicily): 99, 206
defined: 96-97
securing: [.185–200]
Bergamini, Ammiraglio Carlo: 533
Bergamo, Duke of, See Genova, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Adalberto di Savoia.
Bergengruen, Col. Hellmut: 157
Bergolo, Generale di Divisione Conte Carlo Calvidi: 519, 525, 526, 527, 530n, 531, 532
Berio, Alberto: 298, 368, 369, 374, 441, 443, 444, 552
Bernard, Lt. Col. Lyle A.: 352, 360, 363, 388n, 399, 402, 403-04. See also Task Force Bernard.
Bertsch, Lt. Col. William H., Jr.: 499, 508, 509
Bianco: 344
Biazzo Ridge: 169, 172, 173, 175, 189, 418
Billings, Lt. Col. William H.: 131
Biscari: 100, 142, 143, 149, 154, 168, 169, 189, 208, 217, 419
Bizerte: 102, 105, 108, 498, 505, 506, 507, 508, 522, 533
Black-market operations: 79
Bloody Ridge: 321, 353, 418. See also Santo Stefano.
BLUE Beach: 125, 133, 136, 158, 159
BLUE Line: 98
Board, 1st Lt. Oliver P.: 133n
Boise: 139, 139n, 150n, 177, 185
Bologna conference: 452-53
Bolzano: 289, 290, 293, 442, 533
Bomber groups, German: 214, 243
Bombers, Allied: 376
medium: 376
Bombers, British. See Wellington bombers.
Bombers, U.S.: 107, 250. See also Aircraft, Allied; Air attacks, Allied; B-17s; B-24s; B-25s; B-26s.
Bond, Lt. Col. Van H.: 333, 334
Bonin, Col. Bogislaw von: 374
and anti-Fascist parties: 42
and Mussolini’s overthrow; 42, 43, 264, 265
Bottai, Giuseppe: 40
Bowen, Col. John W.: 136, 153, 179, 313, 314, 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343
Bowman, Maj. C. C.: 180
Bradley, Lt. Gen. Omar N.: 101, 108, 178-79, 189-90, 206, 231, 235, 304, 305, 311, 314, 316, 318, 323, 331, 336, 342, 343, 349, 361, 388, 389, 390, 406, 415, 422
career of: 94
and Highway 124: 210, 222, 223
and logistical problems: 103
and Messina drive: 319-20, 413-14
and Patton slapping incidents: 428, 429
Brady, Lt. Col. Brookner W.: 125
Brenner Pass: 50, 289, 290, 298, 370, 371, 372, 373, 442, 453, 460, 469, 472, 533
Brenner railway line: 290
Brest-Litovsk: 34
Briatore, Maj. Alberto: 494, 494n
Bridges: 252, 253, 301, 316, 317, 318-19, 385. See also Ponton causeways.
Dirillo: 101
Palma River: 193
Rosmarino River: 362
swing, over Tiber: 486
BRIMSTONE: 4, 6n, 258. See also Sardinia.
canceled: 260
Allied-Italian discussions at: 545-49
Mason-MacFarlane mission to: 540-43
British Air Force. See Desert Air Force: Royal Air Force.
British Army units:
Army, Eighth: 46, 57, 60, 92, 98, 110, 117, 141, 197, 200, 201n, 224, 246, 248, 259, 275, 304, 312n, 319, 380, 387, 417, 417n, 421, 422, 437, 482, 483, 505, 522, 543, 552
and Catania drive: 218-19
D-day landings of: 120-23
and Messina drive: 234-35, 304, 319, 388, 389, 414, 416, 420
and Seventh Army: 89, 91, 206-07, 209-11, 234-36, 388-89, 413-14
tactical planning for: 58, 89, 91
Army, Twelfth: 57
Corps, 13: 57, 91, 92, 123, 191, 207, 216, 248, 304, 319, 374, 483
Corps, 30: 57, 91, 123, 190-91, 207, 219, 220, 224, 235, 244-45, 248, 249, 302, 304, 311, 345
Division, 1st Airborne: 91, 93, 108, 505
Division, 1st Infantry: 70, 72
Division, 5th Infantry: 91, 92, 121, 123, 248
Division, 46th Infantry: 259, 260
Division, 50th Infantry: 91, 92, 191, 219, 248, 357, 412
Division, 51st Highland Infantry: 91-92, 123, 190, 207, 208, 209, 220, 224
Division, 78th Infantry: 92, 248, 259, 260, 304, 319, 341, 357, 374, 382, 385, 386, 387, 406, 412, 413
Brigades
4th Armored: 414
British Broadcasting Corporation: 389, 490, 496, 503-04, 504n
British Chiefs of Staff: 2, 19, 436, 449
at Casablanca: 8-10
and global war strategy: 6-7
on Naples attack: 262
at QUADRANT Conference: 438-40
at TRIDENT Conference: 20-23
British Defense Committee: 274
British Foreign Office: 273, 276
British Government: 296-99, 445-46, 462. See also Churchill, Winston S. British Joint Planners: 4. See also Planners, British.
British Joint Staff Mission: 277
British Middle East Command: 436
British Navy. See Naval Task Force, Eastern; In-shore Squadron.
British War Cabinet: 12, 276, 277, 279, 544
Brolo: 396, 400, 401, 403, 418, 419, 426. See also Monte Cipolla; Naso ridge.
Allied assault on: 401
German defense of: 393, 396-97, 398
landings. See Monte Cipolla, amphibious end run at.
Brolo River: 394, 396, 398, 400, 402, 403, 408
Bronte: 374
Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan: 8, 10, 21, 22, 23, 436, 439
Browning, Maj. Gen. F. A. M.: 88, 175, 176
Burma: 258
Butcher, Comdr. Harry C.: 11n
BUTTRESS: 16, 67, 68, 258, 260, 262, 448
–C–
C-47’s: 101-02, 115, 178, 183n, 488
Cabo de Bueno Esperanza: 445
Cadorna, General: 529
Caio Duilo: 533
Cairo, Egypt: 61
Calabria: 53, 67, 68, 76, 110, 203, 214, 215, 244, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 282, 368, 375, 378, 413, 414, 416, 452, 469, 471, 473, 522. See also BAYTOWN.
Calboli, Marchese Giacomo Paulucci di: 239
Caltagirone: 86, 98, 136, 148, 172, 173, 202, 203, 206, 207, 219, 222, 223, 224
Caltanissetta: 111, 192, 197, 200, 226, 231, 233, 246
Campbell, Sir Ronald Hugh: 297, 298, 442, 444, 445, 446, 449, 455, 458n, 459, 461, 462
Campo Imperatore: 536
Campobello: 79, 98, 99, 125, 155, 191, 192, 195, 196, 196n, 197
Canadian units: 91, 92, 100, 163, 189, 248, 301, 319, 331, 342n
Division, 1st: 91, 123, 156, 190, 206, 207, 224, 231, 233, 234, 248, 300, 319
Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm: 287
Canicatti: 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 202, 206, 226
Cannon, Maj. Gen. John K.: 474, 485
Cannon companies, U.S.
15th Infantry: 195
188 26th Infantry: 166
179th Infantry: 208
Cape d’Ali: 414
Cape Orlando: 345, 352, 401, 402, 403
Capitulation, Italian: 530-32, 533-34, 539. See also Armistice; Surrender.
Caprara. See Palazzo Caprara.
Carabinieri. See Italian Army units, Carabinieri.
Carboni, General di Corpo d’Armata Giacomo: 36, 41, 266-67, 289, 466, 489, 496, 500n, 503, 504, 515, 516, 520, 526
and American mission to Rome: 500, 501, 502
and armistice negotiations: 454, 455, 467, 479, 480, 494, 494n, 511, 512
and capitulation to Germans: 527, 530, 531-32
and Castellano: 454, 467n, 479
and Caviglia: 529
and evacuation of Rome: 517, 518, 519, 524, 525, 527, 528
Cargo vessels, Allied: 262
Caronie Mountains: 53, 97, 309, 348, 352
Carroll: 145
Casa Biazzo: 169
Casa del Priolo: 150, 165, 168, 185-89
Casablanca Conference: 19, 52, 53, 94, 417, 420
strategic planning at: 1-3, 7-11
and unconditional surrender formula: 11-12
Casazza crossroads: 414-15
Cassibile: 121, 319, 482, 483, 484, 498, 505
Cassibile conference: 474-79, 479-80, 492
Cassino: 552
Castel Judica: 223-24
Castel San Angelo: 131
Castelbuono: 316
Castellammare del Golfo: 255
Castellano, Generale di Brigata Giuseppe: 36, 264, 266, 296, 297, 297n, 368, 373, 446n, 451, 455n, 465, 483n, 493, 494, 496, 497, 500n, 501, 503, 504, 511, 516, 519, 520, 552
and armistice: 465-68, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 482, 483, 484, 485, 505-06, 506-07, 540-41
and Italian mainland invasion: 489, 490
and military collaboration with Allies: 459-60, 485-86, 488, 489, 490-91, 495
peace mission of: 440n, 440-42, 444-46, 447, 454, 455-61, 462, 463
and Zanussi: 455, 462, 463, 474, 478-79
Castelluccio, Il: 185
Castle Hill: 185
Casualties, Allied
U.S.: 135, 137, 144, 146, 159, 172, 181-82, 182n, 188-89, 193-94, 208, 255, 314, 321, 323, 342, 343-44, 357, 358, 398, 403, 404, 406, 415, 417, 419, 552
Casualties, Axis
German: 71, 200, 223, 255, 341, 347, 385, 398, 417
Italian: 127, 128, 152, 170, 197, 200, 216, 223, 228, 341, 385, 398, 417
Catania: 54, 58, 61, 63, 64, 86, 89, 91, 92, 111, 191, 202, 209, 210, 211, 214, 215, 218, 223, 233, 235, 248, 260, 307, 308, 319, 357, 380, 420, 422, 437
Catania plain; 53, 164, 191, 207, 216, 304
Cattaro: 491
Causeways. See Ponton causeways.
Cavallero, Generale d’Armata Ugo: 29, 30n, 33, 34, 35, 36, 472
Caviglia, Maresciallo d’Italia Enrico: 264, 530, 531, 532
and capitulation to Germans: 531
and Carboni: 529
as head of government: 527-29, 531
Centuripe: 341
Cephalonia: 542
Cerami: 320, 325, 327, 328, 329, 331
Cerami River: 328
Cesarò; 327, 343, 345, 346, 357, 374, 382
Chemical battalions, motorized, U.S.: 96
Chetniks: 37
Chiaramonte Gulfi: 190
Chiefs of Staff. See British Chiefs of Staff; Combined Chiefs of Staff; Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.
Chierici, Renzo: 42
China-Burma-India Theater: 261
Chirieleison, Generale di Divisione Domenico: 164, 169
Christian Democrats: 42
Churchill, Winston S.: 1, 6, 10, 11, 12, 16n, 258, 269, 275, 279, 287, 440, 440n, 535, 540, 547, 552
at Algiers Conference: 23-24
on Badoglio government: 544-45
and Italian armistice: 271-73, 276, 277, 442-43, 444, 446-47, 544, 545, 546
strategic views of: 4, 23-24, 67, 436, 437
at TRIDENT Conference: 19-21
Ciano, Count Galeazzo: 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 264, 267, 268, 283, 297
Ciano Papers: 34n
Civil Affairs Division: 26, 26n
Civil war, Italian, possibilities of: 25, 544
Civilian ministers, Italian: 517, 528
Civilians. See also Morale.
German: 514
Eisenhower’s peace broadcast to: 275
and Rome battle: 528-30
Sicilian: 77, 193, 194, 208, 254, 255, 331, 333, 347
Clark, Lt. Gen. Mark W.: 8, 15, 55, 67, 260, 269
Cochrane, Lt. Col. Clarence B.: 143, 168, 317
Codes, Allied: 504n. See also Radio communication, Italo-Allied, secret.
British diplomatic: 296
Colle del Contrasto: 315
Comando Supremo: 31, 32, 33, 39, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 71, 73-74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 82, 110, 163, 212, 214, 216, 242, 242n, 266, 281, 282, 286, 289, 290, 346, 368, 369, 371, 372, 373, 375, 378, 471, 472, 479, 483, 491, 492, 493, 495, 514, 515, 525, 528. See also Ambrosio; Generale d’Armata Vittorio; Italian High Command.
under Ambrosio: 35-36
growth and importance of: 29-30
liaison with Germans: 78
and Mussolini’s overthrow: 263
and Promemoria I: 491
and troop movements: 288
Combat commands, U.S.
A, 2nd Armored Division: 98, 99, 108, 125, 192, 194, 196, 199, 200, 253, 254
attacked by friendly planes: 195
and Canicatti capture: 199
composition of: 194n
Naro captured by: 194
B, 2nd Armored Division: 158, 171, 254
Combat loaders, U.S.: 258
Combined Chiefs of Staff: 1, 10-11, 12, 15, 19, 21, 25, 27, 53, 58, 63, 66, 67, 88, 258, 259, 260, 261-62, 271, 272, 273, 277, 278, 280, 417, 420, 436, 437, 449, 462, 505, 506, 520, 543
and Italian armistice: 26, 507-08
and Naples assault planning: 269-70
organization and membership of: 2, 2n
at QUADRANT Conference: 439, 440
and Quebec Memorandum: 447-48
and resources for Eisenhower: 258-59
and Sicilian Campaign preparations: 52, 54-56
at TRIDENT Conference: 19-23
Combined Civil Affairs Committee: 26, 26n, 273, 274, 277, 448
Comiso: 100, 141, 142, 164, 217, 418
for Sicilian Campaign: 10-11, 54-55, 56, 420-21
German-Italian relationship in: 32-34, 48-49, 50, 78-79, 307, 308-09, 369, 371, 471
structure, OKW proposal: 472-73
unification plan: 241-42
Command, German: 27, 33-34, 236, 283, 298, 523. See also Command, Axis; Commander in Chief South; Oberkommando des Heeres; Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine; Oberkommando der Luftwaffe; Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.
Command, Italian: 29-30, 76, 78, 214, 530. See also Comando Supremo; Command, Axis; Italian High Command.
Command, U.S. Air Force. See Air Support Command, XII.
Commandant Messina Strait: 82
Commander in Chief South: 33, 33n. See also Kesselring, Feldmarschall Albert.
Commander in Chief West. See Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von.
Commandos: 91, 207, 218, 260, 380, 416, 417. See also Ranger Battalions, U.S.
Committee of National Liberation: 530, 531
Communications, Allied, 175-84. See also Codes; Radio communication, Italo-Allied.
Communications, German: 154, 163, 341, 447, 460. See also Telephone communications, German.
Communications, Italian. See Radio communication, Italo-Allied; Signal communications, Italian; Telephone communications, Italian.
Communications, U.S.: 206, 340. See also Radio communication, U.S.
Communist party, Italian: 42
“Comprehensive Instrument.” See Long terms.
Coningham, Air Vice Marshal Sir Arthur: 379, 380, 381
Conolly, Rear Adm. Richard L.: 100, 105, 108, 123, 125, 131, 133
Conrath, General der Fallschirmtruppen Paul: 81, 148n, 165-66, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173n, 187, 204, 216, 387, 412
and Axis counterattack in Sicily: 148-49, 153-54, 164, 172, 173
Kesselring’s criticism of: 157
withdrawals of: 190, 205, 223-24
Convoys, Allied: 88, 106, 108, 110, 476, 482, 493, 498, 503, 509, 533
Convoys, U.S.: 258
Cookson, Col. Forrest E.: 141, 143
Corleone: 235
Corley, Lt. Col. John T.: 165
Corps. U.S.
Provisional: 230, 245, 249, 250, 255, 300, 305
II: 56, 57, 60, 99, 100, 103, 103n, 135, 144, 206, 210, 222, 230, 244, 245, 246, 249, 300, 304, 305, 309, 311, 319, 325, 348, 349, 380, 421, 429
tactical plans for: 97, 98, 99
VI: 57
Corregidor: 70
Corsica: 8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22n, 23, 24, 65, 67, 203, 258, 284, 438, 459, 460, 463, 471, 473, 481, 493, 535, 541, 543, 551. See also FIREBRAND.
Cosenza: 372
Counterattacks, Axis: 147-50, 153-54, 163-73, 196, 197-98, 202, 204, 211, 212, 220, 222, 307, 308, 314, 317, 324, 339, 340-41, 342, 344, 363, 366
Counterespionage service, Italian: 368
Courten, De, Ammiraglio di Squadra Raffaele: 511, 517, 533, 549
Cover plans. See BARCLAY, Plan; MINCEMEAT.
Craig, 1st Lt. Robert: 196n
Crandall, Maj. Robert W.: 348
Crawford, Lt. Col. Joseph: 152, 165, 187
Crawley, Lt. Col. Marshall L., Jr.: 194
Cross-Channel invasion (OVERLORD): 1, 4, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 46, 88, 258, 262, 437, 438, 439, 512
American position on: 3, 435-36, 437, 438, 439
date set: 22
and Mediterranean operations, debated: 3, 6, 7, 11, 20-22, 435-36, 439-40
scale of: 15
strength for: 8-9
TRIDENT Conference, discussion of: 20, 21
Crown council: 297
Cruisers, Allied: 72, 100, 147n, 320, 419n, 505
Cruisers, Italian. See Italian Fleet.
Cummings, 1st Lt. Julian W.: 133n
Cunningham, Admiral Sir Andrew B.: 10-11, 23, 55, 61, 62, 63, 91, 107n, 182-83, 183n, 320, 378, 379, 420, 421, 507, 546, 549
Currier, Col. D. C.: 427, 428, 429
Cyprus: 6
–D–
D-day, Sicilian invasion: 57. See also Amphibious operations, Sicilian Campaign, scheduling invasion.
D’Ajeta, Marchese Blasco Lanza: 297, 297n, 299n, 368, 370, 374, 441, 442, 444, 461, 552
Dammer, Maj. Herman W.: 228
Daniel, Lt. Col. Darrell M.: 301, 313
Darby, Lt. Col. William O.: 96, 136, 152, 169, 185, 185n, 190, 252, 253, 255
Davidson, Rear Adm. Lyal A.: 320, 349, 352, 399, 401, 402, 403
Deann, Captain: 474
Decarli, Col. Paolo: 494
Defeatism, Italian: 39, 44, 73, 283
Defenses, Axis. See also Fortifications, Axis; Sicily, Axis defenses on.
on Pantelleria: 69-70
on Sicily: 54, 75-76, 77, 79-80, 83-87, 126-27, 163, 217
Demolition, Axis: 110, 289, 348, 382, 387, 406, 410, 418, 497
Demolition, U.S.: 129
Dempsey, Lt. Gen. Miles C.: 61
Denholm, Lt. Col. Charles L.: 152, 188
Denno, Capt. Bryce F.: 187-88
DeRohan, Col. Frederick J.: 343
Desert Air Force, British: 107-08, 412, 421
Destroyers, Allied: 505
Destroyers, Italian: 533
Destroyers, U.S.: 72, 100, 129, 131, 168n, 177, 258, 318, 320, 393, 419n
Diary of the Office of the Commander in Chief: 11n
Dick, Commodore Royer: 474, 485, 486, 506n
Dieppe raid: 95
Dill, Field Marshal Sir John: 2n, 5, 59, 88, 89
Directives, Allied
Alexander’s: 209-10, 230, 234-35, 245-46, 303-04
Roosevelt’s, on Italy: 545, 548
Directives, Italian. See Memoria 44; Orders, Italian; Promemoria I; Promemoria 2.
Dirillo River. See Acate River.
Divisions, Allied: 8-9, 54, 57. See also Airborne units, U.S.: Armored units, U.S.; British Army units; Infantry Divisions, U.S. Divisions, Axis: 53, 54. See also German Army units; Italian Army units.
Dodecanese islands: 9, 15-16, 18, 64, 436, 542
Doenitz, Grossadmiral Karl: 27
Doleman, Lt. Col. Edgar C.: 359, 360, 361
Don River: 35
Donnafugata: 156
Doolittle, Maj. Gen. James: 99, 379
Drop zones (Sicily): 88, 93, 101, 117-19, 157, 177, 179, 182, 218
Dukws: 89, 104, 160, 170, 363, 393, 396, 398, 403, 408
Durazao: 491
Duvall, Maj. Everett W.: 127, 229
–E–
E-boats, Axis: 70
Eagles, Brig. Gen. William W.: 254, 360, 361, 416, 417
East, Sgt. Jesse E., Jr.: 144n
Eastern Front, Axis: 213
Ecole Normale: 56
Eddy, Maj. Gen. Manton S.: 96, 305-06, 333, 336, 347, 385
Eden, Anthony: 19, 269, 276, 437, 443, 446, 447, 448, 449
Eisenhower, General Dwight D.: 5, 11n, 15, 17, 22, 25, 52, 54, 55, 56, 60, 62, 66, 67, 68, 88, 94, 96, 108, 176, 182, 206, 206n, 236, 261, 262, 269, 304n, 421, 423, 427, 436, 437, 442, 444, 446, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 476, 477, 478, 489, 494, 499, 501, 502, 503, 506n, 509, 515, 516, 547, 548. See also Allied Force Headquarters.
on airborne divisions: 425
broadcasts to Italians: 270, 275, 278, 508, 512
and command structure: 10-11, 420
and Italian armistice: 270-71, 272, 273, 274, 275-77, 447, 448, 449, 450, 462, 463, 464-65, 475, 484, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 510-11, 520, 535, 541-42, 543-44, 545, 546, 549-50
on Italy’s weaknesses: 540-41
at Malta conference: 549-50, 551
and Mason-MacFarlane mission: 540, 541
and Pantelleria question: 69-70
and Patton slapping incidents: 429, 430, 431
and strategic planning: 3, 14, 258, 259, 260
Elba: 471
Elections, Italian: 544, 546, 549
Elena, Queen of Italy: 517
Enfilading fire: 340, 359, 360
Engineer support, U.S.: 128, 131, 136, 154, 165, 168, 169, 253, 255, 301
excellence of: 418-19
in Gela fighting: 152
Engineer units, U.S.: 352, 393, 394, 396, 413. See also Shore parties.
Brigade, 1st Special: 103, 256
Regiments
20th Combat: 256
39th: 137
540th Shore: 256
Battalions
10th: 408
307th Airborne: 175
Engineers, German: 362-63, 406
England. See Great Britain.
English Channel: 6. See also Cross-Channel invasion.
Enna: 63, 97, 110, 120, 164, 172, 191, 197, 200, 205, 207, 211, 224, 244, 248, 249, 300, 301, 302, 422
Enna loop: 231, 233, 234, 235, 244, 246, 248
Ens, Col. Karl: 198, 336, 337, 339
Equipment, Allied: 73, 131, 159, 174, 486, 553
Equipment, Axis: 73, 81, 377, 410, 474. See also Matériel, Axis.
Escort carriers, Allied: 16, 262, 269
Escort craft, U.S.: 320
Etna line: 315, 319, 324, 327, 342, 352
Etter, Maj. Charles B.: 428
Evacuation of Rome, Italian: 516-19, 527-28
Evacuation of Sicily, Axis: 324, 380, 382, 385, 416n, 452
Allied failure to stop: 378-79, 409-12, 414, 421. See also Monte Cipollo.
operations for: 375-78, 409-10, 414-15
plans and debate: 306-07, 368, 369, 374-75
schedule for: 410, 412, 413, 413n, 416, 469
–F–
Faldella, General Emilio: 77-78, 78n, 170n
Farello: 98
Fascist Grand Council: 44, 267-68, 283, 286, 460
Fascist Party, Italian: 268, 281, 283, 285. See also Fascist Grand Council.
Fascist Republican Party: 543, 544, 548
Fascists, Italian: 28, 30, 39, 50, 445
Badoglio government threatened by: 472
and Mussolini’s overthrow: 42, 263-64
and surrender movement: 40
Feistritz pass: 472
Feltre conference: 242-44, 263, 282
Ferry barges, German: 376, 377
Ferrying service, German: 82, 82n, 237
and evacuation of Sicily: 306, 375, 376-77, 378, 409-10, 411
Ferrying service, Italian: 53-54, 237, 378, 410
Feurstein, General der Gebirgstruppen Valentin: 284, 290, 372, 373
Ficuzza River: 208
Field artillery units, U.S.: 393-94, 399. See also Artillery support, U.S.
Group, 5th Armored: 129n
Regiment, 77th: 227
Battalions: 418
7th: 150, 150n, 160, 167, 167n, 187, 188, 188n, 313n, 333n
26th: 255
58th Armored: 352, 402, 403-04
78th Armored: 174n
160th: 208
171st: 154, 160, 160n, 165, 168, 181n, 317n
319th Glider: 499
Fighter plane factories, German: 439
Fighter planes, Allied: 102, 107, 110, 119, 261, 320, 376, 479, 482, 486
Fighter planes, Axis: 151n, 240
Fighter-bombers, Allied: 107, 320, 344, 376. See also A-36s; P-38s; P-39s; P-40s; P-51s.
Fighter Wings, U.S.
31st: 320
33rd: 320
64th: 320
Finland: 27
Fire control parties: 401, 403
FIREBRAND: 258
Fiume: 473
Fiumicino: 486
Flak. See Antiaircraft defense, Axis.
Flint, Col. H. A.: 330, 331, 333, 336, 337, 339, 340, 341, 344
Floating reserve, U.S.: 99, 100, 125, 136, 155, 158, 159, 174
Florence: 439
Floresta: 386
Flotillas, Allied: 522
Flying fortresses, U.S.: 72, 278
Force 343: 57, 58, 60-61. See also Corps, U.S., I Armored.
Force 545 (British task force): 57, 58, 60-61
Force X, U.S.: 136-39
Formia: 479
Fortifications, Axis: 54, 75-76, 79, 126-27, 131, 253. See also Defenses, Axis.
France: 27, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 492, 545. See also Cross-Channel invasion; Southern France; Vichy France.
Fredendall, Maj. Gen. Lloyd: 94
Free French: 14. See also Goums (4th Moroccan Tabor).
Freeman, Lt. Col. L. G.: 181
French forces: 543. See also Free French.
French Northwest Africa: 1, 3-4. See also North Africa.
Fries, Generalmajor Walter: 157, 352, 414
at Monte Cipolla: 396-97, 398, 404, 405
in San Fratello ridge action: 357-58
and Tusa ridge counterattack: 321-23
Führer Conferences: 45n
Fullriede, Col. Fritz: 197, 199, 200, 313, 315
Funston: 143
Furiano River: 352, 353, 358, 359, 360, 382
–G–
Gaffey, Maj. Gen. Hugh J.; 96, 158, 252, 254
Gagliano: 315, 328, 329, 331, 338, 339, 341, 342, 343, 344
Galli, Carlo: 528
Gambarra, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Gastone: 525
GANGWAY: 260
Garda: 469
Gardiner, Col. William T.: 499, 500, 501, 502, 504, 510, 519
Garigliano River: 552
Gas, German threat to use: 458
Gasoline: 253, 480, 486, 500, 502
Gavin, Col. James M.: 94, 101, 118, 136, 173, 175, 255
and Axis counterattack: 168-69, 172
and D-day paratrooper landings: 119
Gay, Brig. Gen. Hobart R.: 235, 246, 246n
Gela: 58, 59, 64, 86, 89, 91, 97, 98, 99, 100, 107, 117, 119, 120, 125, 135, 137, 155, 159, 163, 166, 169, 170, 171, 172, 177, 185, 192, 204, 205, 226, 256n, 418, 419, 422
Allied assault on: 136-39
Axis counterattack at: 148-53, 164, 165, 166, 170
Gela-Farello landing ground: 135, 139, 158, 176, 177, 179, 182
Genoa: 14, 442, 445, 459, 473, 522
Genova, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Adalberto di Savoia: 534
George VI, King: 547
Gerbini: 63
German Air Force (Luftwaffe): 37, 69, 74n, 78n, 110, 163, 213, 333, 360, 537, 538, 361-62, 389, 458, 474. See also Oberkommando der Luftwaffe.
X Flieger Korps: 32
XI Flieger Korps: 284
Support Aviation Wing 4: 533n
German alliance. See Italo-German alliance.
German Army: 50, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 163, 173, 190, 197, 198, 199-200, 241, 243, 245, 259, 261, 285, 288, 290, 307, 341, 369, 445, 473, 477, 478, 482, 486, 491-92, 509, 522, 523, 530, 552. See also German Army units; Reinforcements, Axis; Reserves, German.
in Casa del Priolo action: 187-89
command. See Command, Axis; Command, German; Oberkommando der Wehrmacht. evacuation. See Evacuation of Sicily, Axis.
foot soldier: 553
glider-borne troops: 537
and Italian Army: 30, 32, 36, 47-48, 410, 497, 513-14, 525, 534, 535-36. See also Command, Axis.
Italian equipment and personnel taken over by: 410
and Italian railway transportation: 288
in Italy: 213, 282, 287-88, 289, 290-94, 293n, 368, 369, 371-72, 451, 452, 469, 477, 492. See also Occupation of Italy, German; Troop movements, German.
in Sicily: 64, 74, 75, 203, 204, 212-14, 215-16, 217, 237, 242, 243, 244, 263, 308. See also Evacuation of Sicily, Axis.
and Rome battle: 524-25, 528, 531-32
and truce with Italy: 525-26
German Army units
OB SUED: 33n, 78, 82, 371, 442, 470, 473, 513, 522, 523
Army Group B: 241, 275, 282, 284, 290, 293, 371-72, 373, 442, 452, 469, 470, 472, 473, 497, 522
Army, Tenth: 470, 471, 522, 523, 524, 532
Corps
Deutsches Afrika Korps: 32
XIV Panzer: 51, 75, 82, 203, 204, 213-14, 237, 240, 308, 341, 368, 374, 376, 452, 469, 470
XVII: 515
LXXVI Panzer: 75, 203, 374, 413, 452, 470
Division, Hermann Göring: 48, 51, 74, 74n, 79, 121, 136, 142, 147, 155n, 157n, 163, 166, 169, 198, 205, 208, 210, 215, 217, 219, 220, 237, 244, 301, 319, 324, 345, 374-75, 378, 382, 387, 405, 414, 416
and Allied advance to YELLOW Line: 190, 191
in counterattack: 154, 164-65, 170, 171n, 172, 185, 187, 188
in evacuation of Sicily: 412
Kesselring’s criticism of: 157
organization of: 64, 148-49, 164
stationing of: 64, 75, 81, 86, 87
Division, 1st Parachute: 111, 203, 204, 212-13, 214, 216, 218, 286, 306, 376, 413, 452, 471
Division, 1st SS Panzer Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler: 294, 442
Division, 2nd SS Panzer “Das Reich”: 294
Division, 2nd Parachute: 283, 284, 286, 293, 293n, 442, 451, 452, 470, 485, 492, 515, 523, 525, 537
Division, 3rd Panzer Grenadier: 75, 214, 215, 283, 284, 442, 451, 452, 470, 481, 485, 500, 510, 511-15, 523, 524, 525
Division, 15th Panzer Grenadier (Sizilien): 51, 64, 81, 84, 86, 87, 125, 147, 147n, 150, 155, 165, 192, 195, 202, 203, 204, 204n, 223, 224, 233, 237, 244, 301, 307, 308, 315, 319, 324, 331, 341, 345, 346, 352, 357, 376, 378, 382, 385, 391, 393, 398, 399, 409, 410, 413, 515
Division, 16th Panzer: 51, 74-75, 203, 281, 368, 452
Division, 24th Panzer: 442, 472
Division, 26th Panzer: 75, 203, 284, 293n, 289, 290, 293, 442, 451
Division, 29th Panzer Grenadier: 75, 203, 204, 213, 214-15, 216, 237, 241, 263, 282, 300, 307, 308, 315, 319, 321, 323, 324, 345, 346, 366, 376, 378, 380, 382, 386, 409, 413
in evacuation of Sicily: 405
at Monte Cipolla: 391, 404, 405
at Tortorici line: 382
Division, 44th Infantry: 283, 288, 290, 291, 292, 293, 372-73, 442, 481, 533
Division, 60th Panzer Grenadier: 290, 294
Division, 65th Infantry: 294, 442
Division, 71st Infantry: 442, 469, 472, 481
Division, 76th Infantry: 263, 282, 294, 442
Division, 90th Panzer Grenadier: 51, 471
Division, 94th Infantry: 294, 442
Division, 305th Infantry: 263, 282, 283, 288, 290, 291, 293, 294, 442
Division, 715th Infantry: 294
Kampfgruppen: 148n
Ens: 84, 86, 147n, 192, 198, 200, 202, 217, 231, 233, 301, 319, 324, 336, 337, 339, 342, 345
Fullriede: 84, 86, 87, 147n, 192, 198, 199, 217, 233, 301, 313, 315, 319, 324, 336, 340, 342, 343
Schmalz: 86, 120, 123, 147, 148, 163, 171n, 191, 203, 204, 205, 215, 216, 219, 223, 422
Ulich: 300, 316, 317, 318, 320, 322
Brigade Doehla: 442
Regiments
3rd, 1st Parachute Division: 204
15th Panzer Grenadier: 398, 399
29th Artillery: 393
71st Panzer Grenadier: 322, 382, 388, 399, 404
104th Panzer Grenadier. See German Army units, Kampfgruppen, Ens.
129th Panzer Grenadier. See German Army units, Kampfgruppen, Fullriede.
Battalions
1st, 71st Panzier Grenadier Regiment: 393, 397
2nd, 15th Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 231
2nd, 71st Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 363, 365
3rd, 15th Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 321
alarm units: 368
antiaircraft units: 243, 290, 372, 393, 397, 486
artillery battalions: 322, 382
coastal defense units: 393, 396, 398
divisions: 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 64, 74, 75, 87, 244, 282, 286, 435, 497
divisions, mobile: 471
field artillery units: 399, 402
paratroop units: 514. See also Paratroopers, German.
reconnaissance units: 205, 205n
service troops: 357
German Embassy, in Italy: 514, 515, 523, 528
German High Command: 213, 464. See also Command, German.
German Navy: 474. See also Ferrying service, German.
German War Documents Project: 35n
Germany: 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 37, 45, 46, 73, 512. See also German Army; Hitler.
defeat of, Allied planning for: 2, 3, 6, 17, 21, 23, 262, 435-36. See also Cross-Channel invasion. and Italian armistice announcement: 513, 522
and Italian mainland invasion: 522-24, 552
and Italy. See Italo-German alliance; Occupation of Italy, German.
and Russia: 464. See also Russo-German campaign.
Gestapo: 460
Giaccone, Lt. Col. Leandro: 530n
and capitulation to Germany: 530, 531, 532
and truce with Germany: 526-27, 530, 531
GIANT II: 490, 492, 498, 504, 506, 508, 509
and Italians: 485-86, 488, 489, 494, 495, 501, 502, 505
planning of: 485-89, 494, 498, 505
purpose of: 477-78
Gibb, Lt. Col. Frederick W.: 337, 344
Giorgio, Generale di Divisione Umberto di: 528
Giraud, General Henri Philippe: 14, 67
Giuriati, Captain: 505
Glider troops, British: 92, 423
Gliders, British: 92, 93, 108, 115, 117, 120, 219n
Gliders, German: 537
Gloria, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Alessandro: 288, 290, 292, 293, 371, 372, 373
GOBLET: 16, 67, 68, 258, 260, 262
Goebbels, Joseph: 49, 283, 285
Göring, Reichsmarschall Hermann: 27, 33, 34, 47, 83, 243
Gonzaga, General: 534
Gorham, Lt. Col. Arthur: 150-52, 171, 188
Gort, Lord: 549
Goums (4th Moroccan Tabor): 96, 98, 305, 314, 330, 333, 337, 338, 340, 343
Gozo: 119
Grammichele: 98, 206, 222, 224
Grandi, Count Dino: 40, 42, 264, 283, 460
as foreign minister, King proposes: 548, 549, 551
and Mussolini’s overthrow: 267-68
peace mission of: 268
Granieri: 208
Grant, Maj. Walter H.: 139, 313
Great Britain: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 22, 92. See also British Chiefs of Staff; British Government; Churchill, Winston S.; Planners, British.
Greece: 4, 12, 17, 24, 29, 31, 32, 35, 45, 46, 64, 110, 203, 261, 437, 445, 453, 491, 514, 535
Greek rebels: 38
GREEN Beach: 125, 131, 141, 144, 161
GREEN Beach 2: 136, 142, 144, 145, 159, 160
Grenades. See Hand grenades; Rifle grenades.
Grottacalda: 217
Guariglia, Raffaele: 265, 275, 282, 369, 371, 444, 461, 479, 480, 483n, 511, 517, 523, 548
and evacuation of Rome: 518
and peace negotiations with Allies: 295-97, 298, 441, 454, 455, 465, 466, 479, 480
Guerrilla operations
Balkan: 447
Italian: 472
Guingand, de, Maj. Gen. Francis: 61
Gulf of Catania: 61
Gulf of Gela: 52, 61, 63, 64, 89, 96, 123
Gulf of Gioia; 260
Gulf of Noto; 61, 62, 64, 89, 91
Gulf of Salerno: 262, 448, 449, 509
Gun lighters, German: 376
Guns, German: 224, 263, 393, 500
and evacuation of Sicily: 375-76, 375n, 377
20-mm.: 402
170-mm.: 376
210-mm.: 214
antiaircraft: 489
artillery pieces: 81, 126, 138, 150, 152, 169, 223, 382, 410
captured by Americans: 138, 150, 152, 169
Guns, U.S.: See also Howitzers.
antiaircraft: 399
antitank: 154n, 171, 173, 478, 485, 498
artillery pieces: 103, 158, 331, 363, 365, 396, 403, 419, 480
75-mm.: 251
Guzzoni, Generale d’Armata Alfredo: 78, 79, 83, 84, 86, 87, 109, 170, 172, 173, 190, 191, 197-98, 202, 203, 204, 204n, 205, 214, 215-16, 219, 293, 237, 238, 307, 319, 315, 346, 374, 375, 378
and command relationship in Sicily: 77-78, 307-09
and Nicosia loss: 315
and Sicilian invasion: 110-11, 119, 120, 147, 163, 164-65
–H–
Half-tracks, German: 396
Half-tracks, U.S.: 173, 195-96, 251, 402
Hall, Rear Adm. John L.: 100, 108, 136, 159
Hamburg: 292
Handy, Maj. Gen. Thomas T.: 5
HARDIHOOD: 436
Harris, 1st Lt. William J.: 156
Harrison, Capt. Willard E.: 178
Headquarters, Allied: 421, 498. See also Allied Force Headquarters.
Heidrich, Generalleutnant Richard: 377-78
Heintges, Lt. Col. John A.: 128, 193, 229
Herzegovina: 491
Hewel, Walter: 287
Hewitt, Vice Adm. Henry K.: 89, 108, 320, 379-80
Hickey, Col. Lawrence: 107n
Highway, coastal. See Highway 115.
Highway, east coast. See Highway 114.
Highway, north coast. See Highway 113.
Highway 113 (north coast): 207, 238, 255, 300, 304, 308, 309, 316, 320, 353, 367, 378, 380, 386, 388, 396, 405, 408, 413
characterized: 348
difficulties of: 309
Highway 114 (east coast): 191, 207, 219, 235, 248, 375, 380, 416
Highway 115 (coastal): 92, 121, 123, 131, 133, 135, 138, 141, 143, 149, 151, 165, 168, 171, 172, 187, 191, 194, 226, 229, 231, 233, 252, 255, 309, 316-17, 391, 398, 399, 405
Highway 117: 97, 135, 139, 149, 152, 153, 165, 169, 185, 206, 222, 231, 245, 248, 309, 314, 315, 321, 322
Highway 118: 226
Highway 120: 233, 238, 301, 303, 304, 309, 313, 314, 323, 328, 341, 343, 345, 346, 382, 385
difficulties of: 309
terrain around: 325
Highway 121: 233, 235, 245, 246, 248, 249, 300, 304, 319, 341
Highway 122: 198, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 246, 248
Highway 123: 155, 191, 192, 195, 196, 198
Highway 124: 190, 191, 198, 205, 206-07, 207n, 208, 209, 210, 222, 223, 224, 233, 422. See also YELLOW Line.
Highways, Italian. See Via entries.
Hill 123: 164
Hill 132: 164
Hill 300: 165
Hill 316: 228
Hill 333: 228
Hill 335: See Tusa ridge.
Hill 432: 232
Hill 504: 232
Hill 643: 156
Hill 851: 329
Hill 921: 314
Hill 962: 313-14
Hill 1030: 327-28
Hill 1034: 329, 330, 336, 337, 344
Hill 1035: See Monte Basilio.
Hill 1056: 336
Hill 1140: 328
Hill 1209: 333-34
Hill 1234: 328
Hill 1321: 330
Himmler, Reichsführer SS Heinrich: 38
Hinds, Col. Sidney R.: 194, 199
Hitler, Adolf: 3, 28, 31n, 32, 33, 33n, 39, 41, 46, 47, 48, 51, 74, 75, 78, 79, 82, 111, 203, 212, 237, 263, 275, 282, 285, 288, 290, 291, 293, 296, 308, 368, 370, 371, 374, 443, 460, 471, 472, 522, 534
and Badoglio: 283, 286, 287, 292, 294-95, 470, 497
and defense of Italy: 49-50, 452, 469-70
and evacuation of Sicily: 306, 375
at Feltre conference: 242-44
and Italian treachery threat: 37, 49-50, 286-87, 473, 497
and Mussolini: 27, 29, 30, 34, 38, 215, 239, 240, 241, 242, 283, 536, 539
secret orders of: 214
and Sicily: 213, 214, 240, 241, 243
Hoare, Sir Samuel John Gurney: 40, 268, 441, 446, 446n, 458
Holy See. See Vatican; Vatican City. Hood, 1st Lt. R. F.: 195
Hopkins, Harry: 19
Hospital ships, Allied: 110
Hospitals, Seventh Army: 419
15th Evacuation: 426
93rd Evacuation: 427-28
House of Savoy. See Monarchy; Victor Emmanuel III.
Howitzer units, U.S.: 125, 144, 168, 172
Howitzers, U.S.: 150n, 160, 167, 172-173, 402, 403
75-mm.: 187-88
Hube, General der Panzertruppen Hans Valentin: 51, 74, 82, 213, 214, 215, 236, 318, 319, 357, 379, 385, 388
and command relationship in Sicily: 307-09
and evacuation of Sicily: 342, 374, 375, 376-77, 378, 381-82, 413, 416
and Nicosia loss: 315
phase lines of: 324-25, 345, 378, 406, 409, 412, 414
Huebner, Maj. Gen. Clarence R.: 56, 347, 413
Hull, Cordell: 448
Humbert, Prince: 283, 287, 306, 371, 468, 516, 517
HUSKY, defined: 4
–I–
Iberian Peninsula: 3, 17. See also Spain.
Infantry Battalions, U.S.
1st, 7th Infantry: 126, 127, 128, 226, 228, 415
1st, 15th Infantry: 195, 196, 352, 353, 357, 358
1st, 16th Infantry: 152, 154, 165, 168, 171, 187, 338, 339, 341
in Casa del Priolo action: 188-89
casualties: 189
1st, 18th Infantry: 187, 302-03
1st, 26th Infantry: 139, 185, 231-32, 301, 313, 314
1st, 30th Infantry: 359-60, 361, 401-02, 404
1st, 41st Armored Infantry: 159
1st, 157th Infantry: 145, 156, 208, 220, 321, 322, 416
1st, 179th Infantry: 144
1st, 180th Infantry: 142-43, 154-55, 155n, 160n, 165, 318
and Agrigento drive: 228-29
D-day landing of: 127-28
2nd, 15th Infantry: 125, 131, 195, 352, 353, 357, 358
2nd, 16th Infantry: 152, 154, 165, 166-67, 171, 338
in Casa del Priolo action: 187-89
casualties: 189
2nd, 18th Infantry: 185, 187, 302-03
2nd, 26th Infantry: 185, 187, 232, 301, 313, 337, 344
2nd, 30th Infantry: 352
2nd, 60th Infantry: 386
2nd, 157th Infantry: 144, 145, 321, 322
2nd, 180th Infantry: 143, 165, 168, 222, 317, 318
3rd, 7th Infantry: 229
D-day landing of: 128-29
in Palma di Montechiaro advance: 193-94
3rd, 15th Infantry: 200, 352, 353, 357, 358-59, 360, 361, 366, 409
in Favarotta area action: 195, 196
in San Fratello action: 358
3rd, 16th Infantry: 314, 338, 339
3rd, 26th Infantry: 165, 166, 232, 301, 302, 313, 314, 337, 344
3rd, 30th Infantry: 197, 199, 200, 359, 360, 361, 401, 402, 404
3rd, 41st Armored Infantry: 194
3rd, 157th Infantry: 208, 321, 322
3rd, 179th Infantry: 144, 155-56, 208
3rd, 180th Infantry: 155, 155n, 165, 321
landings of: 143-44
in Pettineo ridge action: 318
Infantry Divisions, U.S.
1st: 57, 94, 98, 100, 101, 108, 117, 135-36, 139, 141, 143, 155, 156, 158, 159, 164, 165, 167n, 169, 170, 170n, 172, 173, 174, 174n, 175, 179, 185, 190, 197, 200, 206, 210, 222, 231, 232, 233, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249, 301, 302, 304, 305, 311, 312n, 314, 316, 319, 320, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 330, 331, 336, 338, 340, 343, 352, 406, 408, 412, 417, 418, 422
command changed: 347
logistical planning for: 120
in North Africa campaign: 95
tactical plans for: 99-100
3rd: 94-95, 96, 100, 103, 105, 106, 108, 135, 155, 170, 174, 191, 192, 197, 198, 200, 201, 206, 224, 230, 231, 245, 249, 254, 305, 323, 349, 352, 382, 388, 394, 399, 400, 405, 406, 408, 413, 418, 422
in British task force: 59-60
logistical planning for: 102
at Naso ridge: 391
relieves 45th Division: 319-20, 348
in San Fratello action: 348, 353
tactical plans for: 60, 97, 98, 99
9th: 94, 98, 230, 231, 320, 330, 331, 333, 336, 343, 347, 374, 382, 393, 406
arrival in Sicily: 305-06
characterized: 96
36th: 57
45th: 94, 99, 105, 108, 117, 119, 123, 136, 142, 165, 172, 173, 206, 210, 222, 224, 230-31, 232, 233, 244, 245, 248, 249, 254, 300, 304, 305, 311, 316, 318, 349, 422
accomplishments of: 323
characterized: 95
landing of: 139
logistical planning for: 102
relieved by 3rd Division: 319-20, 348
and Santo Stefano: 321, 322, 323
104th: 347
Infantry Regiments, U.S.
7th: 125, 131, 133, 192, 200, 227, 228-29, 230, 360, 361, 365, 367, 388, 389, 391, 399, 402, 404, 406, 413, 414, 415, 416
15th: 155, 192, 195, 199, 200, 352, 357, 358, 361, 389, 408, 413, 414
16th: 149, 150, 151, 151n, 152, 154, 154n, 156, 160, 165, 169, 173, 174, 206, 222, 231, 232, 249, 302, 303, 311, 324, 329, 330, 331, 336, 337, 338, 339, 341, 344
in Casa del Priolo action: 187, 188-89
18th: 98, 136, 160, 171, 208, 222, 223, 231, 248, 249, 302, 312, 321, 329, 330, 331, 333, 338, 339, 341, 342, 343, 344, 413
landing of: 158-59
in Nicosia area action: 314
26th: 139, 149, 153, 158, 165, 166, 185, 187, 206, 222, 231, 232, 301, 303
Gela landing: 136
in Nicosia area action: 311-12, 313, 314
in Troina action: 331, 333, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343-44, 345
30th: 125, 133, 193, 199, 200, 357, 358, 359, 360, 363, 365, 366, 401, 408, 415
39th: 96, 98, 249, 250, 252, 253, 255, 305
at Randazzo: 385-86
in Troina action: 329-30, 331, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342-43, 344, 347
66th: 95
157th: 142, 155, 156, 189, 190, 206, 208, 222, 224, 233, 249, 300, 316, 318, 320, 321, 323, 408, 415, 418
in Bivio Salica landing: 415
Mazzarino move: 232-33
and Messina drive: 413-14
and Vizzini: 219-20
179th: 141, 142, 155, 165, 173, 189, 190, 205, 206, 208, 220, 222, 224, 300, 316, 348, 418
at Comiso: 189
D-day landings of: 144
180th: 141, 149, 155, 155n, 160, 168, 172, 189, 190, 206, 208, 220, 222, 249, 300, 316, 317, 320
and Axis counterattack: 165
landings of: 142-43
Infiltration, German: 341, 342
“Innocuous” (code word): 500, 502
Innsbruck: 31n
Inshore Squadron, British Navy: 380, 387
Intelligence, Allied: 46, 56, 64, 72-73, 245, 261, 270, 324, 325, 347, 378-79, 449, 541. See also MINCEMEAT.
Intelligence, Axis: 45, 46, 65, 73, 109, 447, 454, 458, 486. See also Italian Military Intelligence Service.
Invasion targets, Axis speculation on: 45-46, 48, 203. See also MINCEMEAT; Strategic planning, Allied.
Ionia Sea: 45
Iraq: 6
Ismay, General Sir Hastings L.: 23
Italian Air Force: 28, 29, 46-47, 83, 459-60, 474, 492, 552
Italian armistice. See Armistice, Italo-Allied.
Italian Army: 28, 41, 163, 197, 241-42, 245, 272, 288, 307, 370, 373, 470, 471, 480, 488, 491-92, 501, 509, 515, 522, 523, 524, 540, 545, 547, 553. See also Italian Army units.
command. See Comando Supremo; Command, Axis; Command, Italian.
and evacuation of Sicily: 410
General Staff: 524
and German Army: 30, 32, 36, 47-48, 410, 497, 513-14, 525, 534, 535-36. See also Command, Axis.
ground forces: 32, 47, 369, 445, 482, 515, 535, 552
infantry: 150-51
military collaboration with Allies: 441, 445, 446, 447, 456, 457-58, 464, 465, 466, 473, 475, 476, 477, 482, 484, 485-86, 490-91, 492-95, 505, 535, 541, 542-43, 544, 551. See also Military information.
morale: 239-40, 241, 261, 270, 285, 451, 529, 533, 552
organization and command of: 29-30
performance of: 64, 239-40, 259
and Rome: 464, 516, 517-18, 519, 528, 529-30, 531, 532
shortages: See Shortages, Italian.
and truce with Germany: 525-26, 531-32
weakness of: 30, 47, 48, 80-81, 542-43
Italian Army units
Army Group East: 491
Armies
Fourth: 286, 288, 289, 370, 451, 453, 472, 481, 533
Fifth: 481
Sixth: 63, 64, 76, 80, 82, 83, 84, 86, 110, 148, 191, 192, 202, 205, 214, 216, 223, 237, 309, 346, 378
Corps: 513
Corpo d’Armata di Rome: 289, 492
Motorized: 289, 480, 484, 489, 492, 493, 495, 500, 519
XI: 525
XII: 63, 84, 119, 149-50, 196, 197, 237, 238, 308, 315
XVI: 63, 84, 86, 119, 120, 147, 148, 149, 163, 164, 170, 172, 223, 237, 533
Divisions: 63, 282, 457, 464, 476, 513, 542-43
2nd (Tridentina) Alpine: 372
4th (Cuneense) Alpine: 372, 373
4th (Livorno): 47, 63, 81, 84, 86, 87, 111, 136, 147, 149, 152, 163, 164, 165, 169-70, 185, 192, 198, 202, 203, 205, 211, 217, 222, 223, 237, 242
5th (Pusteria) Alpine: 533
6th (Alpi Graje) Alpine: 372
7th (Lupi di Toscana) Infantry: 472, 488, 492, 495
9th (Pasubio) Infantry: 534
10th (Piave) Motorized Infantry: 266, 289, 485, 492, 493, 510, 524, 525, 529, 532
21st (Granatieri): 289, 492, 515, 516, 525, 529, 532
26th (Assietta): 63, 80, 84, 87, 125, 197, 238, 358, 366, 382
28th (Aosta): 63, 80, 84, 86, 87, 87n, 125, 197, 238, 315, 324, 330
54th (Napoli): 63, 80, 84, 86, 87, 111, 120, 123, 163, 205, 209, 211, 422
58th (Legnano) Infantry: 534, 542
103rd (Piacenza) Motorized: 63n, 289, 492, 514, 523, 525
104th (Mantova) Infantry: 534, 542
105th (Rovigo) Infantry: 372
131st (Centauro) Armored: 289, 485, 492, 525, 526, 527, 532
135th (Ariete) Armored: 266, 289, 298, 485, 492, 493, 495, 510, 515, 516, 524, 525, 529, 532
184th (Nembo) Parachute: 535
206th Coastal: 142
207th Coastal: 126, 163, 191, 192, 196
209th Coastal: 534
220th Coastal: 492
221st Coastal: 492
222nd Coastal: 534
Brigade, XVIII Coastal: 136, 142, 147
Groups
Mobile Group E: 149, 151n, 152, 164
Regiments
29th Infantry: 363
177th Bersaglieri: 191, 492, 516
antiaircraft units: 485, 488, 516
carabinieri: 492, 518, 527, 528
coastal units: 80, 83, 84, 87, 120, 125, 137, 138, 141, 149n, 157, 212, 214, 238, 289, 304, 379, 542
divisions: 534. See also Italian Army units, Divisions.
depot units: 289
mobile units: 83, 84, 86, 87, 125, 142, 147
patrols: 416
police units: 518
service school troops: 492, 528
Italian Cabinet, Badoglio’s: 265, 266, 281
Italian diplomatic corps: 468
Italian Fleet: 17, 45, 46, 52, 54, 89, 269, 272, 369, 372, 442, 459, 468, 474, 475-76, 482, 494, 505, 506, 532, 540, 541, 543
disposition of: 546
escape from Germans: 533
inadequacy of: 82
Italian government. See Badoglio government; Caviglia; Mussolini.
Italian High Command: 77, 462, 494, 503, 510, 527. See also Badoglio, government of; Monarchy.
Italian mainland invasion: 73, 240-41, 278, 295, 379, 435, 437, 438, 439-40, 441-42, 446, 448, 458, 459, 462, 463, 465, 466, 467, 473, 477-78, 498, 522
airborne operations. See GIANT II.
and armistice: 474, 475, 476, 482, 491, 492, 499, 508-09, 512
German preparations for: 469-71, 523-24
Italian cooperation with. See Italian Army, military collaboration with Allies.
landings for. See Amphibious operations, Allied, Italian mainland; Salerno landings.
plans and debate: 12, 14, 16, 17, 18-19, 23, 24, 67, 259, 261-63, 269
scheduling of: 478, 479, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 495, 496, 499, 520-21
strategic planning for: 68, 259-63, 269-70, 440, 449, 512. See also BARRACUDA; BAYTOWN; BUTTRESS; GANGWAY; GOBLET; MUSKET.
Italian merchant marine: 546, 552
Italian Military Intelligence Service: 494, 495, 496, 499
Italian military mission: 489, 494, 505-06
Italian Navy: 28, 29, 45, 46, 505, 552. See also Italian Fleet.
Italian Riviera: 12
Italian secret service: 470
Italian Social Republic: 539
Italian War Ministry: 29, 288, 290, 514, 518, 527
Italians. See Civilians, Italian.
Italo-German alliance (Pact of Steel): 27, 31, 40, 267, 295n, 306
under Badoglio: 281, 284, 285, 553
termination question: 38-40, 41, 43, 44, 263, 264, 265, 282, 297, 374, 474
–J–
Jeeps: 253
Jeffers: 139, 139n, 179-80, 180n
Jeschonnek, Generaloberst Hans: 83
Jodl, Generaloberst Alfred: 27, 37, 211, 212, 287, 294, 295, 306, 307, 368, 453, 460, 470, 523
defense views of: 213, 214, 215, 452
unified command plan of: 241, 242
Johnson, Col. Charles R.: 125, 195, 352
Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.: 2, 3, 4, 11, 20, 25, 26, 277, 279, 436, 437, 449, 462. See also Joint War Plans Committee.
at Casablanca: 7-8
at QUADRANT Conference: 438-39
and strategic planning: 5, 6, 7-8, 9-10, 18-19, 21-22
Joint Staff Planners: 2n
Joint Strategic Survey Committee: 2n
Joint War Plans Committee: 25, 435
Junctions. See Road junctions.
Junkers 52’s: 488
Junkers 88’s: 177
–K–
Kairouan: 102
Kaye, Orin W., Jr.: 504n
Kean, Maj. Gen. William B.: 429
Keerans, Brig. Gen. Charles L., Jr.: 181
Keitel, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm: 27, 31n, 50, 282, 291, 294, 295, 452, 534
at Feltre conference: 243-44
at Tarvis conference: 369, 370
Kesselring, Feldmarschall Albert: 33n, 35, 36, 50, 51, 78, 78n, 79, 83, 204n, 211, 223, 236, 240, 263, 283, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 307, 368, 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 458, 497, 530n, 536
on Allied invasion targets: 46
and Badoglio government: 284-85, 286
and capitulation of Italy: 530, 531, 532
as Commander in Chief South: 33-34
and counterattack in Sicily: 163
and evacuation of Sicily: 374-75
headquarters bombed: 522-23
on Hermann Göring Division failure: 157
and Italian mainland invasion: 510, 522, 523
Italian sympathies of: 470-71, 473
and Italy’s defense: 74, 75, 451, 452
and military aid to Italy: 48, 74-75
and occupation of Rome: 470, 532
and Sicily: 74-75, 86, 87, 203-04, 212-13, 214-15, 237
and truce with Italy: 526
Keyes, Maj. Gen. Geoffrey: 94, 176, 198, 199, 200, 201, 206, 226n, 230, 235, 245, 249, 251, 252, 254, 389, 390, 414, 416
King, Admiral Ernest J.: 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 21
Kirk, Rear Adm. Alan G.: 100, 108, 139, 161
Kisters, Sgt. Gerry H.: 331n
Kittyhawks: 261. See also P-40’s.
Klinckowstroem, Col. Karl Heinrich Graf von: 530n, 533n
Kobes, Maj. Frank J., Jr.: 352, 357, 358
Komosa, Capt. Adam A.: 180
KOPENHAGEN: 283-84
Krause, Maj. Edward C.: 168, 169, 172
Krueger, Lt. Col. Walter: 399, 402, 404
Kuehl, Chaplain Delbert A.: 181
Kuriate Islands: 115
Kursk: 213
–L–
La Bouzarèa: 56
La Marsa: 236
La Spezia: 82, 294, 369, 464, 468, 473, 481, 522, 532, 533
Labor Democrats: 42
Labor unions, Italian: 39
Landing craft, Allied: 16, 66, 70, 72, 103-04, 143, 144, 159, 160, 161, 259, 260, 320, 362, 406, 419, 449, 493, 505, 520, 522. See also LCIs; LCTs; LCVPs; LSTs.
Landing craft, German: 376, 377
Landings. See Amphibious operations. For landings of airborne troops, See Airborne operations: Airdrops.
Lanza, Lt. Galvano: 464-65, 467, 474, 500, 501
Laurentiis, Col. Augusto de: 196, 229-30
LCIs: 103, 108, 123, 126, 127, 128, 129, 136, 158, 159, 320, 363, 393, 499
LCTs: 103, 105, 108, 119, 123, 129, 131, 320, 393, 396, 499
LCVPs: 103, 125, 126, 127, 128, 133, 159, 161n, 363, 393, 394
Leahy, Admiral William D.: 2n, 7, 21, 259
Leese, Lt. Gen. Oliver: 61-62, 63, 207, 224, 248, 249, 342n
Leghorn (Livorno): 215, 460, 473, 522
LEHRGANG. See Evacuation of Sicily.
Lemnitzer, Brig. Gen. Lyman L.: 56, 485, 508, 509
Leonardi, Contrammiraglio Priamo: 240
Leonforte: 207, 233, 248, 300, 307
Lewis, Col. Harry L.: 499
Liberal Party, Italian: 42
Libya: 32
Licata: 58, 59, 63, 79, 86, 89, 91, 96, 97, 98, 99, 107, 110, 120, 131, 133, 163, 165, 179, 191, 192, 196, 197, 226, 240, 256, 256n, 422, 508, 509
as Allied objective: 99
assault on: 123, 125, 131, 132, 133
Liebenstein, Fregattenkapitaen Gustav von: 374, 376, 409, 410, 411
Light divisions, U.S., proposed: 424
Lightnings: 261. See also P-38s.
Liri valley: 522
Lisbon. See Castellano, peace mission of; Zanussi, peace mission of.
List, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm: 33n
List Oberbefehlshaber Südost: 33n
Livorno. See Leghorn.
Ljubljana-Tarvis pass: 469, 472
Loesch Film: 35n
Logistical operations, Allied. See also Maintenance, Allied; Shipping, Allied; Supplies, Allied.
floating supply reserve: 102
for Sicilian Campaign: 7, 89, 102-03, 420
Eighth Army: 92
Palermo as center of: 256
and railroad lines: 256-57
Lombard plain: 14
Long terms: 26, 273-74, 276, 277, 447, 449, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 467, 474, 484, 543, 545, 546, 548, 550n
QUADRANT agreement on: 448-49
text of: 559-64
Long Toms. See Guns, U.S., 155-mm.
Longo, Luigi: 529
LSTs: 103, 105, 108, 119, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 133, 136, 159, 160, 161n, 320, 360, 361, 362, 363, 389, 389n, 393, 499
Lucas, Maj. Gen. John P.: 206n, 235, 236, 426, 427, 427n, 430
Luftflottenkommando. See German Air Force, Second. Luftwaffe. See German Air Force.
Lyle, Capt. James B.: 138, 170
–M–
Machine guns, Allied: 150, 152, 170, 177, 179, 340, 365, 393, 398, 402, 404
Machine guns, Axis: 126-27, 131, 133, 137-38, 139, 143, 144, 150, 183, 325, 334, 338, 344, 357, 396, 400, 533
Mackensen, Hans Georg von: 242, 283n, 284, 287, 288, 289, 473
Macmillan, Harold: 449, 474, 476, 478, 540, 543, 546, 549
McGinity, Capt. James: 119, 143
McGrigor, Rear Adm. R. R.: 320, 380. See also Inshore Squadron, British Navy.
Maddox: 147
Madonie Mountains: 214
Maintenance, Allied: 91, 102, 102n
Maletto: 385
Malpertugio River: 316
Malta: 52, 54, 61, 92, 107, 108, 110, 115, 118, 119, 421, 494, 533, 541
Malta Command, RAF: 107
Manfredi, Contrammiraglio Giuseppe: 255
Manhart, Lt. Col. Ashton: 352, 359, 361
Manziana: 524
Maps, Allied military: 459
Marchesi, Maj. Luigi: 482, 490n, 500, 511, 517
Marciani, Generale di Divisione Giovanni: 238, 254
Mariotti, Generale di Divisione: 524
Marras, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Efisio: 286, 287, 296, 369
Marsala naval base: 238
Marsala River: 255
Marshall, General George C.: 3, 14, 21, 69, 70, 109, 259, 273, 275-76, 279, 437, 438, 541
and Sicilian Campaign: 9-10, 66
strategic views of: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9-10, 17, 22, 435-36, 437, 439-40
“Martin, Major,” and Operation MINCEMEAT: 64-65
Mason, Maj. Gen. Stanhope B.: 155n
Mason-MacFarlane, Lt. Gen. Sir Noel: 540-43, 545, 546, 547, 548
Matériel, Axis: 306, 374, 377. See also Equipment, Axis.
Mazzarino: 93, 202, 203, 222, 223, 231, 233
Medal of Honor awards: 196n, 230n, 331n, 347
Medical Corps, U.S.: 419
Medical units, U.S.: 498
Mediterranean operations, Allied: 3, 4-5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 18-19, 20-22, 23, 66-67, 73, 258-59, 262, 278, 435, 436, 438, 439, 440. See also Italian mainland invasion.
Mediterranean operations, Axis: 27, 31
Melilli: 202
Memoria 44: 481, 491, 514, 515, 515n, 525, 534
Memoria 45: 491n
Mers el Kebir: 493
Messina: 82, 164, 191, 207, 207n, 231, 243, 245, 246, 248, 257, 259, 260, 327, 346, 387, 405, 422, 423
drive for: 210, 234-35, 300-04, 308, 319, 388, 389, 406-17, 420
and Sicilian invasion plans: 53, 54
Messina peninsula: 210, 234, 408. See also Messina, drive for.
Messina Strait: 13, 22, 52, 82, 89, 214, 236, 263, 440, 449, 552. See also BAYTOWN.
Allied bombings of: 409-10, 411-12
antiaircraft defense of: 376
and evacuation of Sicily: 378, 379
traffic regulation across: 237
Middleton, Maj. Gen. Troy H.: 95, 108, 141, 155, 161, 169, 173, 206, 209, 232, 232n, 249, 300, 316, 318, 320
Mihailovitch, General Draza: 37, 261, 445
Military collaboration. See Italian Army, military collaboration with Allies.
Military diplomacy: 278, 552. See also Armistice, Italo-Allied, negotiations; Rome, American mission to.
Military government for Italy, Allied plans concerning: 19, 26, 258, 272, 276, 457, 544, 545, 548. See also Occupation of Italy.
Military information, from Italy to Allies: 445, 459-60, 463, 476, 505. See also Order of battle, German.
Military Intelligence Service, Italian. See Italian Military Intelligence Service.
Military party, Italian: 41
Military police, U.S.: 419
Millar, Capt. Walter K.: 399, 400, 404
MINCEMEAT: 64-65
Mine fields: 251, 253, 255, 316, 344, 353, 399
Mines: 137, 158, 159, 224, 316, 321, 329, 348, 352, 362, 382, 385, 387, 401, 402, 410, 524-25
Mirto: 389
Mobile reserves, Axis: 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 451
Mobilization, U.S.: 5
Modena: 442
Modane: 442
Modica: 190
Molinero, Generale di Brigata Giuseppe: 254
Mollarella Rock: 131
Monacci, Generale di Brigata Ettore: 410
Monarchy, Italian: 19, 25, 40, 41, 42, 50, 242, 269, 272, 281, 440, 464, 475, 476, 546, 549. See also Victor Emmanuel III, King.
Montanari, Franco: 444, 446, 455, 457, 460, 461, 474, 478, 482
Montaperto: 228-30
Monte Acuto: 328, 333, 334, 339, 340, 342, 343
Monte Barnagiano. See Hill 962.
Monte Basilio: 329, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 343, 344, 345
Monte Canella. See Hill 825.
Monte Caolina. See Hill 937.
Monte Cipolla, amphibious operation at: 391-405
Monte della Guardia: 185
Monte di Celso: 340
Monte Femmina Morta: 330
Monte Lapa: 185
Monte Pellegrino: 329, 342, 346
Monte Salici: 329
Monte Sambughetti: 314
Monte San Fratello: 352, 353, 357, 359, 366
Monte San Gregorio: 329
Monte San Mercurio: 343
Monte San Silvestro: 338, 339, 342
Monte Scimone. See Hill 1321.
Monte Sole: 131
Monte Stagliata: 340
Monte Timponivoli. See Hill 1209.
Monte Zai: 185
Monterosi: 524
Monterosso Almo: 206, 208, 220
Monterotondo: 373, 510, 512, 513, 523
Montezemolo, Col. Giuseppe Cordero: 525, 530n
Montgomery, Field Marshal Sir Bernard L.: 55, 58-60, 61, 62, 89, 91, 92, 206-07, 207n, 209n, 210, 218, 219, 222, 224, 231, 235n, 236, 248, 304, 304n, 319, 380, 387, 389, 411, 414, 416, 420, 421, 422. See also British Army units, Army, Eighth.
Moore, Lt. Col. Roy E.: 126, 229, 230
Morale
Axis: 73
Italian: 64, 68, 70, 71, 73, 80, 216, 239-40, 241, 259, 261, 270, 285, 451, 529, 533, 552. See also Defeatism, Italian.
U.S.: 314
Moroccans. See Goums. Morocco. See French Morocco; Spanish Morocco.
Mortar support, Axis: 137, 139, 321, 325, 330, 334, 337, 344, 357, 358
Mortar support, U.S.: 96, 139, 152, 166, 169, 170, 171, 228, 317, 344, 393, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403-04, 408
Motor rafts, Italian: 378, 410
Motor Transport Brigades (MTBs): 320
Motor transportation, Italian: 486
Motorcycles, German: 396
Mount Cenis pass: 284, 294, 442, 472
Mount Etna: 53, 207, 210, 218, 235, 246, 248, 304, 307, 319, 345, 378, 387, 422
Mountain Training School, German: 284
Mountains, Sicilian: 245, 309, 348, 352
Mountbatten, Admiral Lord Louis: 206
Mules: 348, 348n, 352, 359, 393, 398, 399
Murphy, Lt. Col. Preston J.C.: 145, 156, 220, 321
Murphy, Robert D.: 463, 474, 476, 477, 478, 540, 543, 546, 549
Mussolini, Benito: 24, 25, 31, 35, 36, 51, 52, 73, 74, 78, 203, 213, 242n, 242-43, 244, 271, 272, 278, 281, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 295, 296, 297, 368, 417, 440, 445, 452, 454, 460, 464, 470, 492, 500, 520, 543, 544, 552
on Allied invasion plans: 45-46, 47, 48
cabinet changes by: 39
Goebbels on: 49
and Hitler: 27, 29, 30, 34, 38, 215, 239, 240, 241, 242, 536, 539
overthrow of: 40-42, 50, 263-64, 266, 267-69, 270, 274, 282, 306
rescue of: 536-39
and Sicilian Campaign: 211, 212, 214
and surrender: 34, 39-40, 41, 51, 215, 239
MUSTANG: 260
Mustangs: 261. See also A-36’s.
–N–
Naples: 14, 16, 67, 68, 259, 368, 440, 452, 471, 473, 552
bombing of: 278
Naro: 98, 155, 192, 194, 196, 197, 199, 200
Naso ridge: 388, 389, 391, 393, 394, 398, 399, 401, 402, 404, 406. See also Monte Cipolla.
Naso River: 394, 396, 398, 403, 404
Naval Base Augusta-Syracuse: 120, 121, 211, 212
Naval bases, Axis, on Sicily: 79
Naval blockade: 23
Naval bombardment: 133. See also Naval gunfire support. Naval convoys. See Convoys, Allied; Convoys, U.S.
Naval fires. See Naval gunfire support.
Naval forces, Allied: 88. See also Naval operations, Allied; Naval Task Forces.
Naval forces, Axis: 33n, 73, 82
Naval gunfire support, Allied: 106, 111, 120, 129, 131, 137, 139, 150, 150n, 151, 152, 154, 167, 167n, 170, 171, 173, 174, 352, 353, 401, 402, 419n
excellence of: 419
friendly planes fired at: 175-76, 178-79, 182-83, 183n, 218
at Monte Cipolla: 398, 400, 401, 403
Naval operations, Allied: 420. See also Amphibious operations, Allied; Naval gunfire support; Naval support; Seaborne operations.
and evacuation of Sicily by Axis: 378, 379-80
and Pantelleria assault: 69, 70, 72
in Sicilian invasion: 59, 88, 89, 100, 103-06, 108, 110-11, 129, 131
Naval salvage parties: 161
Naval support, Allied: 320, 380, 382, 405, 419. See also Naval gunfire support.
Naval Task Forces
Eastern: 89
88 (Davidson’s): 320, 349, 352, 362, 399, 401, 402, 403
Naval vessels, Allied: 108, 110, 119, 177, 258, 317-18, 485, 486, 488, 516. See also Naval gunfire support; Naval operations; individual names of ships and individual types of ships.
Naval vessels, Axis: 376, 377, 411n, 457, 472, 474. See also German Navy; Italian Fleet; Italian Navy.
Navy, U.S.: 69. See also Naval Task Forces.
and Air Forces: 106
and Allied antiaircraft catastrophe: 175-76, 182-83
and Sicilian invasion: 10. See also Naval gunfire support; Naval operations. Nazi party: 30, 298, 472
Nelson: 549
Nettuno: 522
Neville: 143
New Guinea: 425
Newspaper correspondents: 390, 429, 431
Nicosia: 207, 233, 235, 309-15, 319, 324, 327, 336, 374
Night flying: 93, 101, 117, 157, 175, 177-80, 181, 424
Niscemi: 100, 101, 117, 135, 136, 139, 153, 165, 174, 187, 188, 206, 217, 222, 419
Nocera: 477
Nolan, Lt. Col. P. W.: 143
Normandy invasion. See Cross-Channel invasion.
North Africa; 1, 3-4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 14, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 45, 46, 47, 48, 54, 61, 64, 65, 66, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 107, 177, 213, 256, 257, 419, 421, 422, 473, 482, 498, 519, 553
North African Air Force Troop Carrier Command: 424
Northwest African Air Forces Troop Carrier Command (NAAFTCC): 93, 175n
Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF): 108, 379, 380, 411, 411n, 412
Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF): 102, 107, 379, 380, 411, 411n, 412
–O–
Oberbefehlshaber Sued. See Commander in Chief South.
Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine (OKM): 27, 33n
Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL): 27, 83
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW): 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 65, 74, 75, 78, 82, 157n, 203, 240, 241, 244, 263, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 368, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 452, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 497, 522, 523, 533-34
Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH): 27, 32
Occupation of Italy
Allied: 12, 17-18, 448. See also Military government.
German: 283-84, 297-98, 372, 448, 464. See also ACHSE; ALARICH; KONSTANTIN; KOPENHAGEN; SIEGFRIED.
OKH. See Oberkommando des Heeres.
OKL. See Oberkommando der Luftwaffe.
OKM. See Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine.
OKW. See Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.
Oliva, Ammiraglio Romeo: 533
Oliveri: 409
Operations Division (OPD): 3
Oran: 94, 95, 102, 108, 493, 498
Order of battle, German: 297, 298, 444
Order of battle, Italian: 463
Orders, Allied. See Directives, Allied. Orders, German
for evacuation of Sicily: 374n, 374-75
Hitler’s secret: 214
on Italian troops: 534
Orders, Italian. See also Directives, Italian.
Roatta’s: 513-14, 517-18, 519, 535. See also Memoria 44.
Orizaba: 158
Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele: 281n
Osborne, Sir D’Arcy Q.: 42, 296, 297, 441, 455, 462, 483
Ostia: 476
OVERLORD. See Cross-Channel invasion.
–P–
P-38s: 120, 120n, 194, 261, 412
P-39s: 261
P-40 fighter groups: 107
P-51s: 342
Paccassi, Flight Officer J. C.: 179
Pachino peninsula: 52, 61, 62, 63, 91, 123, 163
Pack Train. See Provisional Pack Train.
Pact of Steel. See Italo-German alliance.
Palazzo Caprara: 500, 502, 512, 517, 518
Palazzolo Acreide: 111, 164-65, 170, 172, 205
Palermo: 53, 54, 58, 60, 76, 196, 201n, 224, 226, 226n, 230, 233, 234, 238, 245, 256, 256n, 300, 304, 320, 399, 401, 403, 417, 418, 423, 506
drive for: 235-36, 244-54, 246n
surrender of: 254
Palermo naval base: 238
Palestine: 6
Palma, Generale di Brigata Vittorio: 517
Palma di Montechiaro: 98, 99, 192, 197, 235
Palma River: 129
Allied assault on: 69-73
Parachute Infantry units, U.S.: 424
Regiment, 504th: 94, 175, 176, 177, 181n, 181-82, 185, 250, 255, 498, 499
Regiment, 505th: 94, 115, 117, 139, 142, 157, 175, 182, 418, 498, 499
in Trapani action: 255
Battalions
1st, 504th: 175
2nd, 504th: 175
2nd, 505th: 117, 119, 142, 156
2nd, 509th: 406
3rd, 505th: 119, 142, 144, 168
376th Field Artillery: 175, 179, 255
456th Field Artillery: 144
Parachute landings. See Airdrops. Parachute task force, U.S.: 98, 136
“Parallel war” concept: 30-32
Paratroopers, British: 218-19, 219n, 260. See also British Army units, Division, 1st Airborne. Paratroopers, German: 204, 218, 500, 514, 516, 523, 525, 527, 537
Paratroopers, U.S.: 92, 93, 101, 102, 106, 110, 136, 139, 154, 155, 165, 167, 185, 187, 423, 508, 509. See also Airborne units; Parachute Infantry units.
and airdrop failure: 156-57
and Allied antiaircraft disaster: 175, 176, 177-78, 179, 181, 181n, 192
Biazzo Ridge stand: 168-69, 172-73
D-day operations of: 117, 118-19, 142
Parks, Air Vice Marshal Keith: 549
Party of Action, Italian: 42
Passive resistance, Italian: 447
Passo Pisciero: 205
Patrols, U.S.: 155, 156, 170, 187, 193, 198, 217, 233, 254, 304, 321, 329, 330, 346, 347, 365, 386, 404
Patti: 408
Patton, General George S., Jr.: 55, 56, 94, 108, 158, 159, 169-70, 174, 174n, 175, 176, 189, 197, 199, 200, 201, 205, 206, 206n, 209, 231, 245, 246n, 252, 253, 257, 349, 380, 390, 391, 406, 408, 412, 421, 423. See also Army, Seventh, U.S.
and Agrigento drive: 224
and Alexander: 210, 211, 235-36, 245-46
and Messina drive: 304, 305, 388-89, 413, 414
and Palermo: 224, 226, 226n, 235-36, 244, 254
performance as commander of Seventh Army: 425-26
rearrangement of forces by: 230-31
slapping incidents: 426-31
and tactical planning for Sicilian campaign: 59, 60, 91, 96, 97, 98, 105-06
Pearl Harbor: 2
Perry, Col. Redding L.: 158, 174n
Pescara: 517, 518, 524, 528, 532
Pétain, Marshal Henri: 464
Petralia: 245-46, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 311
Philadelphia: 178, 393, 398, 399, 403, 403n
Photographs. See Aerial photographs.
Piano Lupo: 101, 119, 135, 136, 139, 150, 153, 154, 156, 164, 168, 169, 171
Piazza Armerina: 97, 98, 164, 192, 198, 217, 248
Piccardi, Leopoldo: 531
Pietraperzia: 198, 217, 232, 233
Pillboxes, Italian: 133, 139, 141, 143, 144, 251, 253, 353
Pincer movements, U.S.: 125, 131, 133, 156, 189, 341
Piramo: 399
Pizza Spina: 316-17
Planes: See Aircraft, Allied; Aircraft, Axis; and by name and designation.
Planners, Allied. See also Force 141.
air: 120
AFHQ: 13, 14, 16, 65-66, 258, 259-60
tactical, for Sicilian Campaign: 53, 54, 63, 64, 65-66, 88
and armistice terms for Italy: 25-26
strategic: 15-16, 18, 19, 21, 258, 259
Planners, U.S.:
Army vs. Navy, Sicilian invasion: 106
for GIANT II: 488-89
logistical, for Sicilian Campaign: 102
tactical, for Sicilian Campaign: 88
Planning. See Assault plans; Strategic planning, Allied; Strategic planning, Axis; Tactical planning, Allied; Tactical planning, Axis. Plans. See Air plan; Assault plans; Tactical plan.
Ploesti oil fields: 14
Po valley: 15, 45, 50, 371, 439
Poggio del Moro: 345
Point Braccetto: 141, 144, 145
Point Camerina: 141
Point San Nicola: 127
Point Zafaglione: 144
Polack, Col. Fritz: 393, 396, 397, 399-400
Ponte Dirillo: 100, 118, 119, 135, 141, 142, 143, 164, 168, 172, 173
Ponte Grande: 121
Ponte Olivo: 61, 96, 117, 135, 136, 174, 200
Ponton causeways: 105, 159-60, 174n, 408
Port Defense “N,” Palermo: 196, 254
Port-Lyautey: 95
Port Said: 52
Porta San Paolo: 530
Portal, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles: 11
Portella di Reccativo: 233, 249, 300, 301
Porter, Ellis: 504n
Porter, Lt. Col. Ray W., Jr.: 325
Porto Empedocle: 110, 209, 224, 226, 228, 230, 235, 256, 256n
Ports
Adriatic: 24
Sicilian: 53, 54, 58, 63, 89, 96-97, 98, 110
Postumia–Ljubljana gap: 436
Pozzallo: 97
Pratica di Mare: 286
Prichard, Lt. Col. Leslie A.: 352
Prisoners of war, Allied: 447, 454, 468. See also Casualties, British; Casualties, U.S.
Prisoners of war, Axis: 255, 323, 419, 456n, 457, 468. See also Casualties, Axis; Casualties, German; Casualties, Italian; Prisoners of war, German; Prisoners of war, Italian.
Prisoners of war, German: 168-69, 173n, 342, 394. See also Casualties, Axis; Casualties, German.
Prisoners of war, Italian: 139, 223, 228, 253, 314. See also Casualties, Axis; Casualties, Italian.
Procyon: 178
Promemoria 1: 491
Propaganda. See also Radio broadcasting, Allied; Radio broadcasting, Italian.
German: 524
Propaganda officers, Allied: 505
Provisional Corps. See under Corps, U.S.
Provisional Mounted Troop: 348
Provisional Pack Train: 348. See also Mules.
Psychological warfare: 272, 275. See also Propaganda; Radio broadcasting, Allied; Radio broadcasting, Italian.
“Puddle-jumpers”. See Piper L-4s.
Puglia: 244, 263, 282, 368, 452, 471, 473, 522, 534
Punta delle due Rocche: 133
Puntoni, Generale di Divisione Paolo: 264, 266, 511
–Q–
QUADRANT Conference (Quebec)
Long terms agreed on: 448-49
and strategic planning: 435-36, 437, 438-40
Quebec Memorandum: 447-48, 457, 475, 481, 556-57
Quebec telegram: 457-58, 460, 461
Queen Mary: 19
Quirinal Palace: 511, 512, 527
–R–
Rabat: 94
Raddusa: 224
Radio Algiers: 508-09
Radio Bari: 540
Radio broadcasting, Allied: 278, 508-09. See also British Broadcasting Corporation; Eisenhower, broadcasts to Italians.
Radio broadcasting, Italian: 488, 513, 515, 516-17, 528, 529, 530. See also Radio Rome.
Radio communication, Italo-Allied, secret: 459, 461, 466-67, 478, 490, 495-96, 503, 504, 505, 532, 535, 540
Radio communication, U.S.: 176, 189, 399, 400, 401, 404, 499-500
Radio stations, Axis: 71
RAF: 107
Ragusa: 91, 96, 98, 100, 156, 189, 190
Rahn, Rudolf: 473, 483, 497, 514
Railroads
Italian: 24-25, 288, 291, 293, 412, 533
Railway Operating Battalion, U.S., 727th: 256
“Raimondi, Signor”: 441, 444. See also Castellano, Generale di Brigata Giuseppe.
Ramsey, Vice Adm. Sir Bertram H.: 89
Randazzo: 207, 345, 346, 378, 393, 404, 418
and Axis evacuation of Sicily: 382, 385, 386
Ranger Battalions, U.S.: 95, 100, 165, 220, 252-53
and Axis counterattack: 169-70
and Gela assault: 136, 137-39, 152-53
1st: 96
in GREEN Beach assault: 131-32
in Montaperto drive: 228
4th: 96
Rapido River: 552
Reconnaissance, German: 148, 398. See also Air reconnaissance, Axis.
Reconnaissance units, U.S.: 107, 192, 194, 201, 224, 228, 229, 230, 235, 250-51, 253, 304, 312-13, 498
Squadron, 91st; 311, 314, 330, 331
characterized: 126-27
RED Beach 2: 136, 143, 158, 159, 160
Reese, Pvt. James W.: 344, 344n
Regalbuto: 307, 319, 341, 342n
Reggio di Calabria: 16, 214, 237, 260, 483
Regimental Combat Teams. See Infantry Regiments, U.S.
Reinforcements, Axis: 54, 64, 65, 74-75, 203, 204, 212-13, 216, 237, 242, 243, 244, 263, 282, 289, 290-94, 293n, 308, 368, 369, 372, 373, 442, 451, 452, 462, 477, 492, 534
Reporters. See Newspaper correspondents.
Reprisals, German: 513
threatened: 445, 453, 458, 464, 467, 547
Reschen Pass: 373
Reserves, German: 237, 294, 477. See also Mobile reserves, Axis; Reinforcements, Axis.
Reserves, Italian. See Mobile reserves, Italian.
Reserves, U.S.: 97-98, 136, 187, 200. See also Floating reserve.
Resources, Allied: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 25, 258-59, 261, 262, 278, 436, 437, 439, 449
Revel, Grand Admiral Paolo Thaon di: 42, 43
Ribbentrop, Joachim von: 35n, 36-37, 283, 283n, 369, 371
Richardson, Maj. Gen. A. A.: 549
Richthofen, Feldmarschall Wolfram Freiherr von: 78, 78n, 241, 295
Ridgway, Maj. Gen. Matthew B.: 93, 94, 101-02, 108, 182, 254-55, 498, 508
and Allied antiaircraft disaster: 175-76, 179, 184
and GIANT II: 485, 486, 488, 489, 498, 499
Riesi: 192, 193, 197, 198, 199, 200
Rifle grenades: 317
Rifle support, Axis: 133, 137-38, 139, 144, 343
Rifle support, U.S.: 150, 152, 317, 340, 402, 304
Rifle units, U.S.: 189, 344-45, 361, 363, 365, 366, 393, 394, 396, 397, 400
Rintelen, General der Infanterie Enno von: 32, 33, 33n, 36, 49, 51, 74, 211n, 282, 284, 285, 287, 291, 292n, 369, 372, 452, 471, 472, 473, 510
on Italian armed forces: 48
peace moves of: 291, 292-93, 294-95
Riviera: 472
Rizzo, Franco Babuzzio: 296
Road junctions
Bompietro: 313
Maletto: 385
Piano Lupo: 150, 151, 152, 188
Y: 135
Roadblocks: 79, 101, 185, 196, 200, 201, 206, 228, 233, 249, 255, 300, 301, 348, 365, 513, 514
Roads, Italian. See Via entries.
Roads, Sicilian: 53, 100, 101, 135, 141, 149, 195-96, 208, 211, 226, 233n, 245, 249, 301, 318, 336, 339-40, 401, 418-19. See also Highway entries.
Butera: 152
in Cancicattì area: 198-99, 200
Cesarò-San Fratello: 352-53, 357
to Messina: 207
Niscemi-Piano Lupo: 154, 164, 165, 166, 168
north coast. See Highway 113. Ponte Olivo-Mazzarine: 206
Santa Croce Camerina Vittoria: 142
Roatta, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Comandante Designato d’Armata Mario: 47, 76, 77, 79, 214, 215, 242, 263, 275, 281, 282, 285, 286, 287, 288, 290, 293, 294, 368, 372, 373, 374, 441, 452, 455, 458, 460, 462, 466, 479, 490, 491, 491n, 494n, 500, 501, 514, 520, 523, 528, 529, 534, 542, 549
at Bologna conference: 452-53
and Castellano’s mission: 453-54
and defense of Italy and Rome: 289, 451, 492, 493, 510, 513-14, 515, 516
and evacuation of Rome: 517, 518-524
and German relations: 289, 503, 510, 512, 513-14
and Italian mainland invasion: 193-94, 495, 496, 502, 503
orders and directives; 513-14, 515, 517-18, 519, 535. See also Memoria 44.
Roccella River: 300
Rocket launchers. See Bazookas.
Rodt, Generalmajor Eberhard: 81, 84, 192, 196, 198, 217, 233, 301, 313, 315, 324, 341, 342, 345, 336, 352, 382, 385-87, 388, 401, 405
Roe: 129
Rogers, Col. Arthur R.: 125, 357, 358, 361, 401, 408
Roma: 532-33
Rome: 14, 24, 38, 68, 71, 72, 441, 442, 444, 448, 449, 452, 458, 467, 472, 484, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 505, 512, 513, 514, 515
and airborne operation by Allies. See GIANT II. American mission to: 499-502, 503-05
battle for, Germans and Italians: 524-32
bombing of: 24-25, 250, 278, 279, 292, 442
defense of: 289, 464, 480, 492, 493, 510, 513-14, 516, 524-32. See also Memoria 44. evacuation of: 516-19, 527-28
German occupation of: 532
German threat of seizure of: 283, 284, 285, 288, 289, 298, 368, 372, 442, 451-52, 453, 464, 470, 476, 481, 515-16. See also ACHSE, Plan. and Italian mainland
invasion: 437, 440, 473, 474, 475, 477-78, 522, 531
as open city: 278-80, 373, 469
Rommel, Generalfeldmarschall Erwin: 4, 32, 35, 49, 50, 51, 226n, 241, 242, 282, 283, 284, 285, 371-72, 442, 452, 453, 460, 469, 472, 497, 522, 534
Rooks, Maj. Gen. Lowell S.: 15, 24, 67, 236, 262, 440, 485, 486, 503, 504, 504n, 506n
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: 1, 3, 11, 12, 19, 20, 23, 40, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 279, 287, 435, 442, 443, 444, 446, 447, 456n, 458, 461, 462, 507, 535, 540, 544, 547, 548, 549, 550
and Italian armistice: 274, 276-77, 448, 449, 545, 546
and strategic planning: 4, 7, 437, 438
Roosevelt, Brig. Gen. Theodore: 158, 313, 339, 347
Rose, Brig. Gen. Maurice: 125, 197, 199, 253
Rosmarino River: 363, 365, 366, 367, 388
Rossi, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Carlo: 84, 242n, 369, 441, 452-53, 465, 490, 491, 494, 494n, 495, 496, 500, 501, 505, 510
and armistice announcement: 503, 504, 519-20
ROUNDHAMMER: 437. See also Cross-Channel invasion.
ROUNDUP: 3, 5. See also Cross-Channel invasion.
Rowan. See Robert Rowan.
Royal Air Force, Malta Command: 107
Ruini, Meuccio: 531
Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von: 283, 284, 288, 472-73
Russia. See Russo-German campaign; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Russo-German campaign: 22, 23, 32, 35, 45, 46, 241, 244, 417, 435, 445, 458
–S–
St. George’s Hotel: 56
Salemi: 255
Salerno: 262-63, 368, 449, 452, 465, 471, 482, 498, 500, 503
Salerno landings: 482, 505, 509, 520, 521, 522, 524, 530, 531, 535, 536, 540, 541, 552. See also Italian mainland invasion. Salonika: 445
Salso River: 97, 99, 232, 233, 245
Salvi, Col. Giorgio: 500, 518, 519, 525, 528
Sampieri: 176
Samuel Chase: 108
San Fratello: 349-67, 374, 380, 382, 388, 393, 418, 419
San Gregorio: 344
San Michele di Ganzeria: 202
San Nicola Rock: 127
San Oliva Station: 128
Sandalli, Generale di Divisione Aerea Renato: 492, 511, 517, 549
Sangro River: 552
Santa Croce Camerina: 142, 156
Santa Ninfa: 255
Santo Stefano di Camastra: 214, 307-08, 321-23, 348, 352, 360
Sanzi, Alfredo: 530n
Sardinia: 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22n, 23, 24, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 67, 73, 74, 109, 110, 203, 239, 258, 259, 283, 284, 438, 453, 459, 460, 463, 464, 471, 473, 481, 493, 494, 506, 515, 535, 541, 542, 543
invasion plan. See BRIMSTONE. and MINCEMEAT: 64, 65
Sarno: 477
Scaletta: 414
Schacht, Capt. Hans: 526
Schaefer, Lt. Col. Irving O.: 144
Schaefer, Lt. Col. William: 142, 143, 155, 155n
Scheel. See Vietinghoff gennant Scheel, General der Panzertruppen Heinrich von.
Schmalz, Col. Wilhelm: 123, 147n, 148, 191, 204, 216, 219, 240
Schmundt, Generalmajor Rudolf: 287
Schreiber, Generale di Brigata Ottorino: 197-98, 200, 217
SCHWARZ, Operation: 452
Sciacca: 251
Scoglitti: 97, 98, 100, 141, 143, 144, 161, 165, 177, 256n, 418, 419
Scordia: 207
Scorza, Count Carlo: 39, 267, 549, 551
Scout planes: 151n Seaborne Operations, Allied: 259, 498-99, 500, 508, 509. See also Amphibious operations, Allied.
Second Front, Axis: 240-41, 242
Senger und Etterlin, Generalleutnant Fridolin von: 82, 148, 163, 170, 172, 173, 203, 204, 205, 214, 215, 223, 237, 309, 375
Senise, Carmine: 39
Serradifalco: 233
Sfax: 92
Shelly, 1st Lt. M. C.: 181
Sherman, Col. Harry B.: 125, 129, 227, 401
Ship-to-shore operations: 100, 105
Shipping, Allied: 6, 7, 8, 10, 16, 17, 18, 60, 62, 73, 105, 159, 177, 320, 473, 486
Shipping, Italian: 485
Ships. See Naval vessels, Allied: Naval vessels, Axis. Shore parties, U.S.: 161, 170n, 171, 401, 403. See also Beach parties; Naval salvage parties.
Shore-to-shore operations: 100, 105
Short (military) terms: 273, 274, 276, 277, 447, 448, 449, 461, 462, 465, 541, 549, 558
negotiations over: 455-59. See also Cassibile conference. QUADRANT, discussion of: 448, 449
Shortages, German: 37
Shortages, Italian: 37, 81, 298, 457, 459-60, 480, 485, 500, 502, 542-43
Shorter bridgehead line. See Tortorici line.
Sicily: 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 33, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 73, 75, 269, 275, 282, 283, 284, 295, 459, 465, 473, 498, 499, 508, 541, 551. See also Evacuation of Sicily, Axis.
Axis defenses on: 66, 75-77, 79-80, 83, 84, 86-87, 126-27, 163
geographical features: 52-53. See also Terrain, of Sicily.
strategic importance of: 52, 213
SIEGFRIED: 284
Signal communications, Italian: 79-80, 163
Signal Corps, U.S.: 419
Signal units, U.S.: 498
Signals, U.S.: 195
Sillian Pass: 373
Simeto River: 207, 218, 219, 223, 224, 385, 393
Skorzeny, Capt. Otto: 284, 285, 286, 368, 452, 470, 536, 537
Sladen, Lt. Col. Fred W., Jr.: 359, 360, 361
SLEDGEHAMMER: 3n
Slovenia: 32
Small arms support, Allied: 154, 170
Small arms support, Axis: 169, 300, 318, 321, 330, 338, 344, 358, 402
Small craft, Italian: 546
Smith, Col. George A.: 159, 303, 341
Smith, Maj. Gen. Walter B.: 11, 24, 444n, 455n, 485, 546, 547, 549
and armistice negotiations: 455, 457, 457-58, 458n, 459, 460, 462, 463, 474, 475, 476, 478, 482, 483, 484, 548
and Italian mainland invasion: 489, 490
Smythe, Col. George W.: 343, 382, 385
Socialist Party, Italian: 42
SOC’s: 147n
Sogno, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Vittorio: 527-28
Soleri, Marcello: 43
Soleti: 537
Solinas, Generale di Brigata Gioacchino: 525, 529
Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B.: 8
Sorice, Generale di Brigata in Riserva Antonio: 282, 511, 517, 518, 527, 528, 529
and armistice renunciation: 511
and capitulation to Germans: 530, 531
Sousse: 70
Southern France: 4, 12, 15, 17, 22, 32, 45, 46, 65, 67, 435, 436, 438, 439, 472. See also France.
Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Spaatz, Lt. Gen. Carl: 182, 379
Spain: 5, 8, 43, 45, 46, 55, 65
Spanish Morocco: 55
SS agents: 492
Stalin, Marshal Joseph: 11, 34, 35, 458, 545, 546
Stalingrad: 1, 34, 37, 213, 372
Stark, Admiral Harold R.: 2n
State Department, U.S.: 19, 26, 269, 273, 279, 449
Stato Maggiore Generale. See Comando Supremo.
Stato Maggiore Regia Aeronautica (Superaereo): 29, 491
Stato Maggiore Regia Marina (Supermarina): 29, 33n, 71, 72, 110, 491, 533n
Stato Maggio Regio Esercito (Superesercito): 29-30, 49, 77, 216, 281, 307n, 369
Steamboats, Italian: 378
Stefanis, de, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Giuseppe: 292, 510, 511, 515, 518, 524
Stephenson, Lt. Col. Edward F.: 144
Sternberg, Lt. Col. Ben: 185
Stolfi, Dr. Edoardo: 529-30
Storch aircraft: 537-38
Strait of Gibraltar: 82
Strait of Messina. See Messina Strait.
Strategic planning, Allied: 1-26, 66-67, 258-63, 268-69, 278, 435-40
Strategic planning, Axis: 34-35, 37-38, 213, 368
Strength, Allied: 8-9, 53, 107, 203, 212, 262, 417n, 421, 424, 425, 468, 474, 475, 477, 479, 512
Strength, Axis: 32, 47, 48, 53, 63, 64, 226-27, 238, 301-02, 449, 458, 459, 477, 500, 501, 513, 535
Strikes, Italian labor: 39
Strong, Brigadier Kenneth D.: 455, 455n, 459, 460, 462, 463, 474, 485, 506, 506n, 507
Student, Generaloberst Kurt: 157n, 284, 285, 286, 368, 452, 526, 536, 537
Submarines, Axis: 1, 37, 38, 70, 73, 82, 213
Suez Canal: 1
Superaereo. See Stato Maggiore Regia Aeronautica.
Superesercito. See Stato Maggiore Regio Esercito.
Supermarina. See Stato Maggiore Regia Marina.
Supplies, Allied: 54, 63, 131, 146, 160, 161, 174, 258-59, 311, 348, 352, 420. See also Logistical operations.
Supplies, Axis: 37, 47, 77, 79, 82, 445, 452, 469, 477
Supplies, Italian. See Shortages, Italian.
Supply ships, Allied: 256
Supply trains: 348
Surprise. See Tactical surprise.
Surrender of Italy: 25-26, 39-40, 273, 275, 448, 477, 482, 496, 499, 523, 552. See also Armistice, Italo-Allied; Capitulation, Italian; Unconditional surrender, for Italy.
Surrender of Sicily: 25
Susan B. Anthony: 178
Swanson: 45
Sweden: 45
Swing, Maj. Gen. Joseph M.: 175, 176, 423, 425
Swingler, 1st Lt. H. H.: 119, 173
Switzerland: 43
Syracuse: 53, 54, 58, 61, 89, 91, 92, 97, 111, 120, 123, 163, 164, 203. See also Naval Base Augusta-Syracuse.
–T–
Tabellini, Generale di Divisione Ugo: 529
Tactical Bomber Force: 107
Tactical planning, Allied (Sicilian Campaign). See also Assault plans.
air operations: 59. See also Air plan. airborne operations: 88-89, 92-94, 101-02, 485-89, 498-99
Allied armies’ missions: 209-211, 235, 236, 245-46, 319, 420, 422-23
for amphibious operations: 53-54, 58, 59, 60-63, 66, 88-89, 91-92, 96-100, 103-07, 135-36, 406, 408, 413-14
basic plan and modifications: 58-63, 206-07, 209-11, 248-49, 419-20, 422-23
ground operations: 58-59, 60-63, 89-101, 135-36, 141-42, 421-23
for Messina drive: 234-35, 245, 246, 248, 319, 413-14
naval operations: 59, 89, 100, 106
for Nicosia attack: 314
for Palermo drive: 234-36, 244-46
for Troina attack: 333-34, 336-37
Tactical planning, Axis. See also ALARICH, Plan; Feltre conference; KONSTANTIN, Plan.
to block Allied advance: 192
for counterattacks in Sicily: 147-49, 164-65, 170, 172, 196, 197-98
and dual command: 307-09
for Sicily’s defense: 83-87, 120-21, 212-14
withdrawal and defensive lines: 202-03
Tactical surprise: 65-66, 70, 102, 106, 120, 322, 366, 396, 537
Tagliavia, Lieutenant: 504, 505
Tangier: 298
Tank destroyers, U.S.: 499
Tank units, U.S.: 102, 160, 194, 199, 352, 408. See also Armored units.
at Monte Cipolla: 393, 394, 396, 397
Corps: 95
Battalions
813th Tank Destroyer: 499
Tanks, British: 219
Tanks, German: 75, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 223, 232, 344, 399, 401, 500, 524-25
in Brolo action: 402-03
in Casa del Priolo action: 187
in counterattack in Sicily: 154, 166-67, 168, 170, 171, 171n
losses: 171n
Mark III: 148, 149n, 167, 171n
Mark IV: 148, 149n, 167, 171n, 363, 485
Mark VI (Tiger): 148, 148n, 154, 171n, 172, 187, 188, 298
Tanks, Italian: 230n
in Gela counterattack: 150, 151n, 151-52
Tanks, U.S.: 99, 131, 136, 158, 159, 174n, 179, 188, 197, 199, 208, 253, 306n, 397. See also Armored units; Tanks units.
light: 232, 253, 301, 302, 314
M3: 129n
M7: 129, [.129n ]
Taranto: 67, 260, 262, 481, 505, 532, 541
Tarvis: 472
Tarvis conference: 287, 294, 298, 369-71, 373, 451, 452, 472
Task Force Bernard: 352, 360, 361, 363, 380, 388n, 393-405
Task Force X, U.S.: 252, 254-55
Task forces, Allied: 55-56, 58. See also Task Force Bernard; Force 343; Force 545; Naval Task Force entries.
Task forces, Italian: 78
Taylor, Lt. Col. Earl A.: 144, 155-56
Taylor, Brig. Gen. George A.: 136, 139, 152n, 187, 188, 336, 339
Taylor, Brig. Gen. Maxwell D.: 486, 489, 499, 500, 500n, 501, 502, 503, 504, 506, 507, 510, 519, 541n
Taylor, Myron C.: 40
Tedder, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur: 11, 13, 15, 22n, 24, 55, 59, 61, 62, 88, 182, 278, 378, 379, 420, 549
Telephone communications, German: 410, 515, 523
Telephone communications, Italian: 147, 148, 189, 533
Termini Imerese: 300
Terrain. See also Beaches, landing.
of Sicily: 97, 100, 101, 135, 154, 208, 245, 250, 302, 305, 309, 322, 324, 348, 358, 359, 360, 387, 389, 401-02, 408, 553. See also YELLOW Line.
of Monte Cipolla area: 393
of San Fratello area: 352-53
of Tortorici line: 382
Terrana Creek: 135
Thessaly: 453
Thunderbirds. See Infantry divisions, U.S., 45th.
Tiber River: 485, 486, 488, 498-99, 500, 508, 509, 516
Timberlake, Brig. Gen. Patrick W.: 485
Tinley, Maj. Philip C.: 336, 337
Tirana: 514
Tivoli: 516, 517, 518, 519, 524, 529
Toffey, Lt. Col. John J., Jr.: 253, 255
Tomasello, Col. Michele: 416
TORCH. See North Africa.
Torpedo-bombers, Italian: 399
Torpedo plane squadron: 214
Torretta, Della: 265
Tortorici (shorter bridgehead) line: 345, 345n, 378, 382, 391, 404
Toulon: 472
Toussaint, General der Infanterie Rudolf: 473, 512, 523
Trabia, Lt. Galvano Lanza di: 454
Train ferry, Italian: 378, 410
Traniello, Generale di Brigata Ottaviano: 529
“Trans-Divs”: 105
Transportation. See Ferrying service, German; Ferrying service, Italian; Railroads.
Transports, air, Allied: 115
Treasury Department, U.S.: 26
Tremestieri: 416
TRIDENT Conference: 6, 19-23, 24, 66, 258, 260-69, 436, 437, 438, 448
Trieste: 473
Troina: 207, 320, 323, 352, 418
battle of: 331-47
defense of, U.S. estimates: 325, 328, 331, 333, 337
terrain characteristics: 325-29, 339
Troina River: 337, 338, 340, 343
Troop Carrier Command: 157, 176, 182, 498, 508
Troop Carrier Groups
314th: 179
316th: 180
Troop Carrier Wings, U.S.
52nd: 93, 101, 115, 157, 175, 182n, 424
Troop carriers, Allied: 101-02, 108. See also C-47s.
attacked by friendly antiaircraft: 175, 176, 177-80, 181-84, 218
Troop movements, German: 372-73, 442, 472, 492, 510, 514-15. See also Evacuation of Sicily; German Army, in Italy: German Army, in Sicily.
Troop movements, Italian: 373. See also Evacuation of Sicily; Withdrawal, Italian to Tivoli. Troop transports. See Transports.
Troops, Allied. See also Army, U.S., entries; British Army units; Corps, U.S.; Infantry entries; Divisions, Allied; Task force entries.
airborne: 10
in North Africa: 9
Troops, Axis. See German Army; German Army units; Italian Army; Italian Army units. Troops, British: 72, 89. See also British Army units; Glider troops, British. Troops U.S.: 56, 89, 210n, 211, 422. See also Army, Seventh, U.S.; Corps, U.S.; Infantry entries. Truce, Italo-German: 525-27, 530. See also Capitulation, Italian. Trucks, German: 290
Truscott, Maj. Gen. Lucian K., Jr.: 98, 99, 103, 108, 125, 129n, 133, 155, 192, 197, 198, 199, 200, 206, 226n, 227, 229, 235, 254, 357, 358, 361, 363, 366, 388, 389, 402, 405, 406, 408, 415, 416, 426
and Agrigento drive: 224, 226-27
career of: 95
and Messina drive: 414
and Monte Cipolla: 389-91, 399, 401, 404
and Naso ridge link-up: 389, 390
and San Fratello action: 348, 349, 352, 357, 358, 360
Tucker, Col. Reuben H.: 175, 179, 182
Tunisia: 5, 8, 9, 34, 48, 56, 60, 61, 64, 92, 107, 175, 275, 488, 498
Tunisian Campaign: 8, 10, 20, 46, 55, 88, 374
Turin-Lyons railway: 442
Turkey: 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 24, 43, 44, 436
Tyrol. See South Tyrol. Tyrrhenian coast: 67
Tyrrhenian islands: 14
Tyrrhenian Sea: 45
–U–
Unconditional surrender: 239, 277, 279, 298, 447, 448, 449, 458, 460, 462
British view: 12
for Italy: 11, 12, 19, 25, 39, 44, 51, 269, 271, 273, 274, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 464, 484, 512, 542, 550. See also Long terms. Roosevelt’s demand for: 11-12, 19
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 21, 26, 29, 38, 44, 47, 464. See also Russo-German campaign.
and Italy’s peace efforts: 34, 38
and strategic planning: 3-4, 23
Unit of fire. See Logistical operations, Allied; Maintenance, Allied. United Kingdom. See Great Britain.
Ustica Island: 500
Utili, Generale di Brigata Umberto: 293, 440, 441, 515, 518, 519
–V–
V of V’s formation: 101, 117, 175
Valetta Harbor: 549
Valguarnera: 233
Valiant: 533
Vandervoort, Maj. Benjamin H.: 168, 169
Vassallo, Major: 482
Vatican: 40, 41, 274, 278-79, 283, 468
Vatican City: 24, 26, 296, 475
Vehicles, German: 37, 320, 365, 398, 451. See also Tanks, German. Vehicles, Italian: 493, 525
Vehicles, U.S.: 252, 409. See also Dukws; Half-tracks, U.S.; Tanks, U.S. Velletri: 515
Venturi, Colonel: 191
Verlet, Capt. Guido: 340
Via Appia: 515
Via Cassia: 523
Via Claudia: 523
Via dell’Empero: 531
Via Tiburtina: 516, 517, 518, 524
Vichy France: 32
Victor Emmanuel III, King: 28, 29, 270, 271, 273, 281, 283, 285, 286, 287, 297, 298, 306, 369, 371, 373, 440, 441, 453, 464, 467, 468, 474, 477, 483, 484, 493, 513, 514, 518, 519, 529, 532, 536, 539, 540, 544, 548, 552. See also Monarchy.
and armistice: 441, 457, 466, 480, 510, 511, 512-13, 549
and Badoglio government: 453, 481
described by Mason-MacFarlane: 542
and evacuation of Rome: 528
and Germany alliance: 553
and Government of Italy, postarmistice: 544, 546-48, 551
and Mussolini’s overthrow: 42-44, 239, 264, 265, 266-68
peace efforts of: 239
and war declaration against Germany: 547, 549
Vietinghoff gennant Scheel, General der Panzertruppen Heinrich von: 470, 471
Villa San Giovanni: 376
Villach-Klagenfurt: 373
Villafrati: 300
Vitetti, Leonardo: 371
Vittoria: 100, 141, 142, 155, 163, 164, 168, 172, 418
Vittorio Veneto: 532-33
Vizzini: 96, 172, 202, 205, 207, 208, 209, 215, 219, 220, 224
VULCAN: 66
–W–
War Department, U.S.: 279
War Plans Division: 3
Warlimont, General der Artillerie Walter: 37, 50, 369, 371, 375
Warspite: 533
Wasten, Lt. Col. Charles N.: 426
Watkinson, Mr.: 299
Waybur, 1st Lt. David C.: 230n
Weapons, Allied: 553. See also Guns, U.S.; Weapons, U.S.
Weapons, German: 376, 377, 476. See also Guns, German.
antitank: 377
automatic: 358
Weapons, Italian: 476, 529. See also Guns, Italian.
Weapons, U.S.: 485. See also Guns, U.S.; Howitzers, U.S.; Mortars, U.S.
Weapons support, U.S.: 361, 394. See also Artillery support, U.S.
Weather conditions, and Sicilian invasion: 89, 108, 115, 123, 125, 139
Wedemeyer, Maj. Gen. Albert C.: 16n, 235, 436
Wehrmacht: 27, 473. See also German Army.
Wehrmachtführungsstag (WFSt): 27, 368
Weichold, Vice Adm. Eberhard: 33n
Weizsaecker, Ernst von: 293
Welles, Sumner: 279
Wellington bombers, British: 278, 376, 379, 410, 411
Westphal, General der Artillerie Siegfried: 78, 375, 503, 510, 512, 513, 523, 525-26, 530
White, Col. I. D.: 158
Whiteley, General J. F. M.: 440
Wiart, de, Lt. Gen. Sir Adrian Carton: 454, 461, 463
Williams, Brig. Gen. Paul L.: 175n, 182
Wilson, General Sir Henry Maitland: 64, 436
Withdrawals, Axis. See also Promemoria 2.
Italian, to Tivoli: 516-19, 524-25, 529
in Sicilian Campaign: 202-03, 205, 216-17, 217n, 219, 223-24, 233, 234, 238, 245, 314, 315, 325, 345-46, 357, 366, 404, 405.
See also Evacuation of Sicily. Wood’s Hole beaches. See GREEN Beach; RED Beach; YELLOW Beach.
Wyman, Col. Willard G.: 347
–Y–
Yates, 1st Lt. Ralph J.: 416
YELLOW Beach: 125, 133, 141, 144, 158, 159, 161
YELLOW Beach 2: 136, 142, 144, 145
YELLOW Line: 98, 99, 185-201, 206, 207, 208, 222, 223
York, Lt. Col. Robert H.: 187
Yugoslavia: 15, 17, 24, 37, 38, 261, 445
–Z–
Zanussi, Generale Addetto al Capo di Stato Maggiore Giacomo: 440, 441, 453, 467, 477, 480, 484, 506, 512, 515, 517, 518, 520, 542, 552
at Cassibile conference: 474, 475, 476, 478
and Castellano: 455, 462, 463, 474, 478-79
peace mission of: 454-55, 461-65, 466, 467
Zappulla River: 382, 388, 389, 401
Zeitzler, General der Infanterie Kurt: 294-95
Zingales, Generale di Corpo d’Armata Francesco: 84
ZITADELLE: 213
Zuckerman, Professor S.: 70n